
Class E_L^3 



Copyriglrt'N!'- 



copnucirr deposit. 



ri 
" ''5. 



1 730. 1 880. 

CKLKBRA riOX 



150th anniversary 



SETTLEMENT OE BALTIMORE. 



BA LTl MO HE: 

Printed by King Brothers. 
I s N I . 




I CALVE RT. 




W^ „ - 1796 - ,^ 

''^\\' 



m\ .\\ 




THE 

ESQUl - CENTEMIAL 
11-17. OCTOBER 1880. 



^^ ' I-- ' >r!..hLI-t f; H' V: : -f H Hr ^r hr TTTSE 



XSs' 



.■E R.-' NV-T.D EL-T_ 




1730. 'M cuicti a r ^^Jo fi m 1 c . ISSO. 



AN ACCOUNT 



MUNICIPAL CELEBRATION 



ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIYERSARY 



SETTLEMENT OF BALTIMORE 

OCTOBER liTH-i9TH, 1880. 

WITH A SKETCH OF THE HISTORY, AND SUMMARY OE THE RESOURCES, 
OF THE CITY. 



Edited by EDWA:^D SPENCER, 

Uiidpr tlie direction ol' the Mayoralty Historical Committee. 
Ii.r.usTK.VTED j;v FRANK B. JIAYER. 



P. A L T I M O R E : 

PRTNTF.n I?T ORDER OF THE M.WOIt .\Nn CTTY COUNriL, 

MDCCCLXXXI. 






Entered according to the Atfl of Congress, in the year 1881, 

BY THE MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL OF RALTIMOR^ 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congre^. at Washington. 



CONTENTS. 



FACE 

I. Introduction 1 

II. Chai-tek First— Biiltimore from 1730 to 18S0 . . '. . . .5 

III. Chapter Second — The Sesqui-Centeunial Festival — Its Origin and 

Growth 21 

IV. Chapter Third— The Decorations of the City 47 

V. Chapter Fourth — The First Day's Pageant C5 

VI. Chapter Fifth — The Orations— Scheutzeu Park and the Historical 

Society . . . . " 103 

VII. Chapter Sixth — Second and Third Days of the Festival . . .141 
VIII. Chapter Seventh— Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Days of the Festival . 169 

IX. Chapter Eighth — Higli Carnival 198 

X. Chapter Ninth— Incidents, Accidents and Phases of the P(jpular Tem- 
perament During the Week of Festival 220 

XI. Chapter Tenth— The Industries and Other Resources of Baltimore— a 

Retrospect, with Some Glimpses of the Future 243 

XII. Chapter Eleventh — The City— its Government and Institutions- 
Moral, Intellectual, Benevolent and Social 274 

XIII. Appendix 323 



INTRODUCTION. 



At the close of the celebration of the Sesqui-Centennial 
anniversary of the settlement of Baltimore, nothing remained 
to be done in this connection but to have prepared and pub- 
lished a suitable account of it, not only for the gratification 
of those who had borne a part, but that a record might be 
preserved for future reference. 

To this end the Mayor appointed the following committee 
to take charge of the matter: John H. B. Latrobe, President 
of the Maryland Historical Society; Daniel C. Gilman, Presi- 
ident of the Johns Hopkins University; J. Thomas Scharf, 
author of a history of Maryland and of the Chronicles of Bal- 
timore, and the orator of the day in English; Frederick Eaine, 
editor of the German Correspondent and the orator of the day 
in German; John L. Thomas, Jr., Collector of the Port of Bal- 
timore, and "William A. Stewart, ex-speaker of the House of 
Delegates of Maryland. 

The committee had frequent meetings, and finally deter- 
mined to adopt the quarto size for the proposed work, con- 
forming in this respect to the volume containing an account 
of the City Hall; the letter press they limited to three hun- 
dred pages, or thereabouts, and the number of copies to three 
hundred. Ten or fifteen plates it was believed would suffice 
for the illustrations, which could be so arranged that the 
progress of the procession would be seen from the beginning 
to the end by simply turning over the successive pages. The 
committee would gladly have provided for a larger edition; 
but with all the money that remained of the general collec- 
tions, and all that it was probable the Councils would con- 



ii INTRODUCTION. 

tribute in addition, it -vrould have been out of the question to 
enlarge the work and yet keep within the means likely to be 
at their command. 

The committee were satisfied, however, that with the 
heavier items of expense already incurred, and with the letter 
press electrotyped and the drawings engraved on stone, an 
edition of many thousand copies, inferior in no one respect to 
the first three hundred, could be issued at a cost that would 
place the volume within the reach of everyone. 

As soon as the committee had determined upon their plan 
of publication they addressed the following communication 
to the Mayor : 

To the Hon. Fekdixaxd C. Latrobe, 

Mayor of Baltimore : 

Sir :— The undersigned, the committee appointed by you to 
prepare for publication a history of the celebration of the one 
hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement of Balti- 
more, report as follows: 

After several meetings and a full interchange of views, the 
committee determined that the history ought to contain not 
only a description of the parades and processions which dis- 
tinguished the several days of the celebration, accompanied 
by artistic pictorial representations of their leading features, 
but also some account of Baltimore at the date of its Sesqui- 
Centennial anniversary. The volume would tluis not only 
interest and gratify those who took part in what was a most 
remarkable display of wealth, taste and patriotism, but 
would furnish a standard with which to measure the city's 
future progress. 

The committee propose, then, to include in their narrative 
of the celebration a brief sketch of the history of Baltimore, 
with an account of its municipal government ; its commerce, 
foreign and domestic; its manufactures; its industries of 
eveiy description; its institutions, educational, philanthropic 
and religious, scientific and artistic— in fine, without going 
more into detail, to present, along with the events of the eel- 



INTRODUCTION. Ul 

ebration, a picture of the past and present of the city, as a 
memorial of an epoch in its existence. 

Such a picture the committee are satisfied they can have 
prepared at a reasonable cost, in a reasonable time, and in a 
form creditable alike to the city and to those engaged in the 
work. This, indeed, -n-ould have been now well under way 
had the necessary pecuniary means been at their command. 

It was at first suggested that private subscriptions might 
possibly furnish what would be needed for the proposed pub- 
lication. This, however, could only be ascertained by per- 
sonal applications to those whose interest in the celebration 
had already been liberally manifested, and when the enthu- 
siasm of the occasion had, in a greater or less degree, died 
out. It was then thought that the balance in the hands of 
the municipal committee, together with what was unex- 
pended of the city's appropriation, if these could be obtained, 
would go far towards meeting the want of the occasion. The 
city's appropriation, however, had already been carried into 
the treasury, and what remained in the hands of the munici- 
pal committee would have been insufficient for the purpose ; 
so that the committee have been forced to the conclusion that 
if a history of the late celebration is to be prepared and pub- 
lished in a manner corresponding to its importance, it will be 
necessary for the Mayor and City Council to contribute at 
least a portion of the expense. 

The committee therefore suggest, respectfully, that you call 
the attention of the Councils to this matter, to the end that a 
celebration so honorable to the city and to all engaged in it 
may not be without other memorial than may be found in 
future days in the columns of the daily press of the period. 

Most respectfully, 

JoHX H. B. Latkobe, 

D. C. GiLMAX, 

John L. Thomas, Jk., 
AYiLLiAM A. Stkmart, 
J. Thomas Scharp, 
F. Raixe. 
Baltimore, .lanuary 8th, 1S81. 



IV INTUODLCTION. 

The subject having been brought before the Councils by 
the Mayor, in accordance with the request of the committee, 
was referred to the Joint Standing Committee of Ways and 
Means, whose action is shown by the foHowing extract from 
the journal of March 28th, 1881 : 

The Joint Standing Committee on Ways and Means, to 
whom was referred a communication from his Honor the 
Mayor, with a report of the committee appointed by his 
Honor to prepare for publication a history of the celebration 
of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement 
of Ikxltimore, have carefully considered the subject and are of 
opinion that inasmuch as the publication of such a volume 
would be of great value to the city for future reference, the 
city should bear a portion of the expense of the publication 
which is asked for in the rejiort of said committee. 

They therefore ask the adoption of the following resolu- 
tion • 

A. ROBKETSOX, 

First Branch. 
J. Pembroke Thom, 
D. Caldwell Ikelaxd, 

R. A. POULTOX, 

Second Branch. 

Resolved by the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, That 
the sum of two thousand five hundred dollars, or so much 
thereof as may be necessary, be and the same is Ixereby 
a])pr()priated to publish a history of the celebration of the 
one hundred and fiftietli anniversary of the settlement of 
Baltimore ; said sum to be expended under the direction of 
the committee appointed by his Honor the IMayor to prepare 
for publication said history, and to be provided for in the 
levy for 1881 , provided, that the copyright of said book, with 
the plates and drawings, and the volumes printed by said 
committee, shall be the property of the city, to be disposed 
of by the Mayor and City Council. 

At a subsequent meeting of the Councils the above resolu- 
tion parsed both branches and was approved by the j\Iayor. 



INIRODUCTION. T 

The committee of the citizens having already appropriated 
to the work the balance of $1,332.48 remaining from the gen- 
eral collections for the celebration, the committee on the 
publication found themselves Avith the sum of $3,832.48 at 
their disposal. 

In anticipation of a favorable action on tlie part of the city 
authorities, the committee had already cliosen Mr. Edward 
Spencer for the literary and ]\Ir. Frank B. INIayer for the 
artistic portion of the proposed volume. Marylanders both 
of them, they entered as soon as they were directed by the 
committee upon their re.spective duties, and the admirable 
manner in which they have performed them is the best justi- 
fication that the committee could possibly have for the 
selection that was made. 

Mr. Spencer, already widely known as a writer of ability, 
and Mr. Mayer, as an artist of reputation, have in the present 
volume fully sustained themselves. Nor can the committee 
omit to mention with the warmest commendation the admira- 
ble manner in which the well-known firm of Ji. Hoen & Co. 
have reproduced on stone the drawings of Mr. Mayer, catch- 
ing their spirit, doing them the fullest justice, and entitling 
the artist, Mr. H. A. Schroeder, Avho held the graver to the 
credit of being of no mean ability in his profession. 

JOHN H. B. LATROBE, 
D. C. OILMAN, 
JOHN L. THOMAS, Jr., 
WILLIAM A. STEWART, 
J. THOMAS SCHARF, 
F. RAINE, 
I'altimore, January 8th, 1881. Committee. 



Memorial Volume. 



CHAPTER FIRST. 

BaKiiiiore from 1730 (o 1880- 

THE Act of Assembly of the rrovince of Maryland, by 
wliicli tlie to-mi of Baltimore on the Patapsco was given 
a legal existence and definite bounds, became a law and was 
proclaimed as such on the eighth day of August, 1729. On the 
first of December of the same year the commissioners named 
in the Act concluded a bargain with Uv. C^harles Carroll, for 
himself and for his brother Daniel Carroll, for the purchase of 
sixty acres of land on the north branch of the Patapsco, "in 
and about the place where one John Fleming now lives," bor- 
dering on what was called Cole's Harbor. The price agreed to 
be paid was forty shillings per acre in cm-rent money of IMary- 
land, or in tobacco, delivered in the hands of the Sheriff of the 
county, at the rate of one penny per pound. The Carrolls, 
however, were to be paid by the purchasers of the town lots, 
Avhicli were to be sixty in number. On the twelfth of January, 
1730, the new town was laid ofl: by the commissioners, with the 
aid of Philip Jones, the county surveyor, and on the fourteenth 
some of the lots were taken up, the first choice being given to 
Mr. Charles Carroll, original proprietor of the tract, who chose 
a lot extending from what is now called Carroll Hall, south- 
east corner of Calvert and Baltimore streets, to the Basin. 

The emporium of Baltimore county, which was also to 
become the metropolis of ]SIaryland and one of the chief com- 
mercial cities of the United States, was slow and vacillating 
in selecting a permanent abiding place. The IMaryland colony 
was settled in ISIarch, 1634, the Patapsco river having been 
known to Captain John Smith, who described it under the 



b MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

name of the Bolus, as early as IGU.S. Ikltiinore county was 
e.stablislii'd in 1G59, a tract of indefinite limits, extending 
southward to the Magothy river, eastward at one time as far 
as the Elk or the Sassafi-as, and westward at fii-st to the bomi- 
dary of the I'rovince. Various county seats were proposed for 
it. Tliere was a Court house on Bush river, called " old Balti- 
more." The town of Joppa, on the Gunpowder, long held the 
court and records and attracted the tobacco and the lawyers, 
but eventually Baltimore town on the Patapsco outstrijjiied its 
rivals and they disappeared. 
,, — The selection of the name, Baltimore, was fortunate. Of 
course it is understood that this name was derived from the 
county, and that the county was named from the barony in 
Ireland of which George Calvert and his successors were lords. 
But the new town might have easily been given another name, 
as happened with the county-seat on the Gunpowder, and our 
fellow-citizens deserve to be felicitated that they are able to 
call themselves Baltimoreans and not Joppans. Some conjec- 
ture has been spent upon the etymology and meaning of the 
Avord Baltimore, but it does not seem useful to renew the con- 
troversy here. "We may be well content to believe that the 
name was given not only in testimony of the respect in which 
tlie first inhabitants held the memory of Lord Baltimore, but 
in anticipation of the reputation enjoyed by their successors. 
For the Baltimoreans, like him who was first of the name of 
Baltimore, are "of great sense, but not obstinate in their sen- 
timents, taking as great pleasure in hearing others' opinions 
as in delivering their own." The parallel, which is George 
Calvert's character as drawn in the Biograjyhia Britaiudca, 
may be pursued still further. "Judge Bopham and he agreed 
in the public design of foreign plantations, but differed in the 
manner of managing them. The first was for extirpating the 
original inhabitants; the second for converting them; the for- 
mer sent the lewdest persons to those places; the latter the 
soberest; the one was for making present lu-ofit, the other ft)r 
a reasonable expectation ; liking to have few governors, and 
those not interested merchants, but unconcerned gentlemen; 
granting liberties with great caution, and leaving every one to 
provide for himself by his own industry, and not out of a 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 7 

common stock." May our citizens never be less like Lord Bal- / 
timore in these respects tlian tliey are now. — -^ 

Two or three things determined the permanency of the pro- 
gress of Baltimore town on the Patapsco and made it grow as 
other places declined. It had a regular harbor, while Joi)pa 
had only a roadstead. It was adjacent to the flourishing iron- 
works on the middle and south branches of the Patapsco. It 
had superior water-power at a time when grain-cultm'e Avas 
beginning to supersede tobacco; and its mills, convenient to 
its harbor, made it a desirable place for receiving grain from 
the interior. It was midway between the Potomac and the 
Susquehanna, and the di'ift of population, when Baltimore was 
settled, was westward between these two streams. Its staples, 
tobacco, flour, pig iron, potash, peltries, staves, fish, provisions, 
gave it a foreign trade with Europe, Canada and the New Eng- 
land colonies and AV^est Indies, the return cargoes for which its 
exports were exchanged making it the entrepot of supplies for 
the whole back country. 

The Act of Assembly of August Sth, 1729, had been passed 
in deference to petitions from settlers in that part of the 
county, who wanted a town and a harbor. Tliis petition was 
presented July 14th. It was a, 2) is alJer, for the settlers in the 
vicinity, beginning to be quite numerous, wanted another site. 
The road from Joppa to Annapolis, after crossing the ford 
below the mill at Bath and Holliday streets, went to Ferry 
Bar. .lust above this was Tasker & Carroll's furnace, the Bal- 
timore Company's iron-works. The site proposed was that part 
of the Spring Gardens between Ferry Bar and Gwynn's Falls. 
But tills land had iron ore in it. It belonged to ]\Ir. John 
Moale, himself a member of the lower House of the Ijegisla- 
ture, and he prevented the plan of locating a town on his 
lands from being carried out. There had been an abortive 
attempt made to erect a town on Whetstone Point, where Fort 
McHemy now is, in 1706. The settlers therefore petitioned to 
have their town established on the north side of the North 
Branch, "upon the land supposed to belong to Charles and 
Daniel Carroll." The doubt about the actual owners of that 
part of Cole's Harbor where the town was laid out was veiy 
reasonable. The land all about there Avas covered over with 



8 • MEilOHIAL VOLUME, 

patents, vacations, renewals, reversions and escheat titles ; lines 
were ill-defined, and sometimes it was hard to find any owner. 
This was the case with Jones' town, or Old Town, the first addi- 
tion to Baltimore town, which was, in a manner, in chancery. 
About the beginning of the eighteenth centuiy, however, the 
C'arrolls, interested in Tasker's furnace and on the lookout for 
ii-on ore, took up as much of this land as they could, including 
Cole's Harbor, and began to lease and sell it out to actual set- 
tlers. In 1711 for instance, Mr. Charles Carroll sold to Jona- 
tlian Hanson thirty-one acres on Jones' Falls for a mill-site, 
and the mill was built. In 1726 Edward Fell, a quaker, settled 
east of Jones' Falls, tried to recover Cole's Harbor from Car- 
roll, having bought out the equity of some of the heirs of pre- 
vious patentees; but he failed. The land was then half 
cleared ; it had a mill on it, thi'ee dwellings, with out-houses, 
and orchards. On the other side of the Falls there were still 
other houses, owned by Fell, Jones and others. John Moale 
lived just south of the Carroll tract, his house facing the Ferry 
Bar road and his garden rumiing down to the Basin, and Dr. 
^\''alker lived north-west of the Carroll tract, and just west of 
the land taken up by John Howard. The Cole's Harbor tract 
was therefore a settlement before the town was erected, and it 
was traversed by the most frequented public road in the 
whole province — the high road from Philadelpliia to Annapo- 
lis, to Elki-idge Landing, to Georgetown and Alexandria. 

The Act of Assembly for erecting a town in Baltimore 
county was signed and approved by Benedict Leonard Calvert, 
Esq., Governor, and promulgated in the name and authority of 
" the Right Honorable Charles, absolute Lord and Proprietary 
of the Province of ^Maryland and Avalon." The commissioners 
named in the Act for laying off the town were ISIajor Thomas 
Toll(>y, IMr. William Hamilton, Mr. William Buc-kner, ]\Ir. 
Richard CHst, Dr. George "Walker, Dr. George Buchanan and 
Colonel William Hammond— ,:.ll of them, excepting Dr.^^'alker, 
justices of the peace for the county, men of substance and 
authority. The Act did not contain anything beyond the 
ordinary direction for proceedings in such eases and a proviso 
making it obligatory upon each one who took up a lot to build 
a liouse on it covering 400 square feet (20x20 feet) within 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 9 

eigliteen montlis. This proviso was badly enforced, and young 
Baltimore grew up pretty much at will, unincumbered by any 
of the elaborate legislative swaddling clothes in which other 
sickly towns of the period were luit out to nurse. 

Whether or not it was because the Carroll title to Cole's 
Harbor was not thought to be good, it is certain that the new 
town did not grow rapidly at first. Many of the lots went a 
begging, and in 1752, twenty-two years after the town was laid 
off, it only contained twenty-five houses — a growth of only one 
house a year. It was not until 1747 that it was thought worth 
while to forfeit any lot because the holder had failed to com- 
ply with the terms of the Act. In 1732 "Old Town," or Jones 
or Jonas town as it was then called, was laid off by the Fells 
and others, under an Act of Assembly similar to the one 
laying off Baltimore town, and this place was the latter's rival. 
All the lots in this settlement were sold in 1740, and at the 
same time FeirsJ\)int, under the name of Cop us' Harbor, was 
setting itself up also as a rival, nor did it cease its rivalry and 
consent to be amiexed until 1796, when it finally and reluc- 
tantly came in as "Deptford Hundi-ed." In 1745, however, 
Jones' toAvn and Baltimore toAvn were consolidated into one 
Baltimore town Tn May, 1747, an addition of eighteen acres 
was made in the shape of Harrison's Marsh, and in May, 1 750, 
there were further additions of the properties of Sheradine 
and Schleigh. In 1753 Joshua Hall's addition of thirty-two 
acres fell in, and in 1765 Cornelius Howard's addition, called 
Lunn's lot, part of a tract of two hundred acres, was brought 
within the town limits. In 1773 Fell's and Plowman's tracts 
were taken in; in 1783, John Eager Howard's, and Ridgely's 
and Rogers' additions were made; in 1796 the town was char- 
tered as a city, and in 1816 the last extension of the city limits 
was made. 

It will be noticed how rapidly the area of the city widened 
after it really began to grow. This was in the decade 1750- 
1760. In that interval we find that a tobacco warehouse was 
established, wharves built, some by lottery, others by private 
enterprise, and a subscription started to build a market-house. 
The town was fenced before that, to keep out the Indians. 
But the panic died soon, the town grew so that the savages no 



10 MEMORIAL VOLUME, 

longer frightened its people, and the fence was used for kind- 
ling wood before the market-house was built. In this intei-val 
between 1750 and 17G0, the town had the beneiit of some 
public-spirited citizens, men of property and enterprise, added 
to its poi)ulation; notably John and Ileiu-y Stevenson, who 
came from Ireland. Tliese men built; tliey embarked in for- 
eign commerce; tliey attracted settlers; they improved their 
properties. Henry Stevenson built a mansion on Jones' Falls 
so big and handsome that Ids sliort-sighted fellow-townsmen 
called it "Stevenson's Folly." They learned to revere such 
ft)lly, however, when Stevenson turned liis big house into a 
small-pox liosi)ital. The Stevensons embarked largely in the 
milling and grain trade, shijiping flour and wheat to Ktu'ope 
and importing many goods by return ship. They built ves- 
sels; they invited their Irish comjiatriots to immigrate. Just 
before he was compelled, because a loyalist, to leave the Prov- 
ince for good. Dr. John Stevenson was called by Sii" AA'illiam 
Draper "the American Komnlus," because he was thouglit the 
founder of I3altinu)re. His property and that of Dr. Henry 
Stevenson were confiscated in 1781, under the severe regime of 
Luther ^Martin, the fii'st Attorney General of the new State of 
^laryland. These brothers must not be forgotten in any 
account of the founders of our city, for the work they did 
must liaA'C been important and extensive. Eddis, writing in 
1771, forty-one years after the fii-st planting of the town, says 
distinctly of this Avork that: "Tlie commencement of a trade 
so lucrative to the first adventurei-s soon became an object of 
universal attention. Persons of a commercial and enterprising 
spirit emigrated from all quarters to this new and promising 

scene of industry and within foHi/ years f rum Us 

first commencement, liiltimore became not only the most 
wealthy and popidous town in the Province, but inferior to 
fcAV on this continent, either in size, number of inhabitants, or 
the advantages arising from a well-conducted and universal 
and conunercial connection." 

At this time in which Eddis writes, the forty-year-old town 
had a commerce and manufactures of its own: mills, rope- 
Malks, shipping and ship-l)uilding. it imi)orted goods from 
all Europe nearly, and exported the products cif Maryliiiid as 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 11 

far Avest as Hagerstown, of Pennsylvania as far north as Har- 
risbiirn-, and of Virginia's valley and Piedmont region. Tlie 
court-house had been moved hither from Joppa; new bridges 
were built, an almsliouse and work-house established, a circu- 
lating library founded, and soon (1773) a weekly newsi)aper. 
The ]\Iaryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser, was jiub- 
lislied. Douglass and Hallam opened their theatre here also 
this same year, so that the new town must be considered well 
on its way. There Avere several taverns and coffee-houses, two 
jewelry stores, a post-rider to Frederick and Winchester, reg- 
ulai- mails to Annapolis, to the Eastward and to "Williamsburg, 
and packet-boats to Kock Hall and to Oxford and iSt. IMichaels. 
Tlie town had received a great accession of active enterprising 
citizens from many parts of the world — thrifty Germans from 
Pennsylvania or from Faderland; French, from Acadia and 
the ^\'est Indies; Scotch-Irish from Ulster, and Irish gentry 
from other parts of that island. It Avas men of these classes, 
men like the Buchanans, the Stevensons, the Purviances, like 
Fotterill, Lux, Gough, Patterson, Fite, Harrison, Yeiser, Stei- 
ger, Keener, Reinecker, Eichelberger, Yellott, no less than the 
natives of the Province and the county, who gave Baltimore 
its strong early impulse of groAvth. 

Yet it Avas not until the war of 1775 had fairly broken out 
and the irrepressible conflict with the mother country was 
seriously joined that Baltimore Avas safe from the rivalry, the 
wealth and prestige of Annapolis. The Revolution ]iot only 
broke up Annapolis as the court centre of the State, eclipsing 
its gaiety and its political influence; it impoverished the 
ancient city Avhile it em-iched Baltimore. Our merchants 
turned privateers and ravaged British commerce, while the 
tobacco ships ceased to enter the Severn. The trade, the ship- 
ping, the ship-building of the Chesapeake, everyAvhere else 
languishing, centred in Baltimore and the town became a 
great depot of supplies for all the adjoining States. Charles- 
ton, SaA'annah, Norfolk, Philadelphia, New York, Avere either 
held or blockaded by the enemy, but Baltimore was free, and 
the Baltimore clippers went in and out almost at Avill. Then 
Avere laid the foundations of the fortunes Avhicli, from 1781 
until 1820, were so liberally used to build up the trade and the 



12 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

streets of Baltimore and fill it with improvements. Congress 
held some of its sessions in IJaltimore during this war, and 
the town was given two delegates in the lower house of the 
Geneml Assembly of ^Marj-land. 

After the war lialtimore town grew apace. Many New Eng- 
landers came in, and there were large accessions of capital and 
population. Major General Greene, on his retiu-n North in 
178:5, stopped in Annapolis and Baltimore. In liis diary of 
September 2oth, he says: "I got into Biiltimore about lU at 
night and put up at I\Ir. Grant's. Before I quit Annapolis, I 
could not help observing this place is proposed for the fixed 

residence of Congress I'jaltimore is a most thriving 

place. Trade floui-ishcs, and the spirit of building exceeds 
belief. ]S'ot less than 300 houses are put up in a year. 
Ground rents are little short of what they are in London. 
The inhabitants are all men of business." The trade and 
commerce of the place widened in sphere in every direction. 
Its ships penetrated even into the Indian Ocean and to China. 
It received produce and sent its millers and its teams to the 
Ohio, to the Genessee and Lakes Ontario and Eide and to 
Georgia and Tennessee. It still did not much resemble a city, 
however. The hills were not cut down, the streets were lui- 
paved, the houses were cliiefly small, mean and irregular. 
There was snipe-shooting on Harrison's marsh, where the Cen- 
tre market now stands; the swamj) of "the meadow" was not 
ditched and canalled; the court-house still had its pillory 
and Avhipping-post, and the ungnided levels and unregulated 
wharves were more picturesque than convenient. There is a 
contemporaiy porti-ait of the town which is as lively as it 
seems to be accurate. 

"It was a treat," says this writer, "to see this little Balti- 
more to\\ni just at the termination of the war of Independ- 
ence — so conceited, so bustling and debonnaire — growing up 
like a saucy, chubby boy, with his dumpling cheeks and short, 
grinning face, fat and mischievous and bursting incontinently 
out of his clothes in spite of all the allowance of tucks and 
broad selvages, ^[arket street had shot, like a Nuremlierg 
snake, out of its toy box as far as Congress Hall, (Liberty 
street and Baltimore,) Avith its line of low-browed, hiijped-ruof 



MEMORIAL VOIATME. 13 

wooden houses in disorderly array, standing forward and back, 
alter the maimer of a reiiriment of militia with many an inter- 
val between the files. Some of these structures wore painted 
blue and white, and some yelloAV, and here and there sprang 
up a more magnificent mansion of brick, with windows like a 
multiplication table and great wastes of wall between the 
stories — with occasional courtyards before them, and revereh- 
tial locust-trees, under whose shade bevies of truant school 
boys, ragged little negroes and grotesque chimney-sweeps 
' skyed coppers ' and disported themselves at marbles." 

Even in 1826, when the settlement was ninety-six years old 
and the city itself had been chartered for thirty years, Mayor 
Montgomery reported to the City Council that of 10,41<3 houses 
returned by the sweep-masters, oidy 101 were of four stories, 
1,524 being of one story, while 7,183, seven-tenths of the 
whole, were only two stories high. As to the extent of the 
city, in 1804, " Howard's Park" began at Saratoga street on 
the north, U\e west end stopped at Paca street, the swainps on 
Harford run were undrained, and \yilkes street Avas in fact a 
causeway. 

The Legislature had governed Baltimore town, through its 
commissioners, up to 1796. In the November session of that 
year however, in response to numerous petitions from the 
place, an "Act to erect P>altimore town, in Baltimore county, 
into a city, and to incorporate the inhabitants thereof," was 
passed, the preamble setting forth that "the good order, 
health, peace and safety of large cities and towns cannot be 
preserved, nor the evils and accidents to which they are ex- 
posed avoided or remedied, without an internal power, com- 
petent to establish a police and regulations fitted to their 
peculiar circumstances and exigencies." It was thus that the 
CITY OF Baltimore began to have an individual and indepen- 
dent existence. The charter thus gi-anted and its subsequent 
amendments comprise the constitution of the city of Balti- 
more. It was granted a corporate seal, a IMayor and City 
Council, the power to elect and appoint its officers, to raise 
money for its purposes by taxation, to enact all needful laws 
and ordinances, to preserve the public health, remove nui- 
sances, have the streets lighted and patrolled and regulate the 



14 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

harbor, lircnses, auction sales and other matters. In another 
plare in tliis vohinie the city government, as it is now consti- 
tuted, will be found briefly described. 

James C'allioun was elected first Mayor of the city; Mr. 
Kichard II. Moale Avas appointed Register; Mr. James (Jarey 
was President of the First Branch City Council and Mr. Jolm 
Merryman I'resident of tlie Second IJranch. Among the coun- 
cilmen and electors are found the names of George Buchanan, 
George Keinecker, Samuel Owings, Zebulon Hollingsworth, 
David McMechen, Hercules Courtenay, Edward Johnson, Job 
Smith, Jeremiah Yellott, Adam Fouerden, Peter Frick, Philip 
Rogers, Robert Gilmor and others. The first council met in 
the court-house, in 1797, and continued to meet here until 
March, 1801. 

The total revenue of the city, from all sources, during 1797, 
was $14,412. In 1810, with a population of 35,000, the expen- 
ditures were about §60,000. In 1881, with a population of 
332,000, an increase of not cpiite ten-fold, the expenditures are 
about §5,400,000, an increase of ninety-fold. The assets of the 
corporation however and the wealth of the population have 
grown so rajjidly that tliis great increase in the cost of govern- 
ment is no burthen to the community. In 1798 the assessed 
wealtli of the city was §099,519. It has grown to §250,000,0u0, 
in 1881, an increase of 357 fold. 

From 179G onward, Baltimore advanced rapidly in popula- 
tion. It established sugar refineries and glass-houses. It ex- 
perimented with steam power in milling. It founded exten- 
sive brick manufactm-es. It laid out great turnpike roads 
towards the Avest and north. It chartered banks, cut canals 
and improved its harbor, building many wharves and piers. 
It became the greatest flour mart in tlie world. It founded 
insurance companies. It establislied agi'icultm"al and indus- 
trial associations. It had a fleet of nearly 1 200 ves.sels .'^ailing 
to every sea. It had ship-yards and built war-ships for the 
American navj'. It had extensive fisheries. In the five years, 
1790-95, its exports aggregated §13,444,796, two-thirds of the 
trade of the State. It had fifty flouring mills, located on every 
stream within sixty miles of the Iksin. There were Assembly 
rooms, race com-ses, a library, and many luimane and charita- 



MEMORIAL VOLUiyiE. 15 

ble institutions. It built a fort for the United States on 
Whetstone Point and frigates for the war with France. At 
the beginning of the present century its banliing capital ex- 
ceeded a million dollars. There were then 130 streets, lanes 
and alleys, 11 chm-ches, 2 theatres, a court-house, jail, alms- 
house and two market-houses. There were 3,500 houses in the ' 
city then, 170 of which were warehouses, and the population 
was 30,000. The harbor was deep enough for ships of 500 
tons. The manufactures were various and important. The 
rope-walks in that day were as noticeable as the flouring mills. 
The city indeed ranked as the third commercial port in the 
Union. In 1797 it had 59,837 tons of sliipping. It exported 
more in proportion to its population than either Philadelphia 
or New York, and, as Morse, the geographer, wrote, " Baltimore 
possesses a larger proportion of men of wealth or of jirobity in 
commercial affairs than any of the sea-port towns." It had 
undertaken the firstlings of a public water service ; it had in- 
troduced vaccination, established a general dispensary, and 
was reforming its old barbarous criminal code. It began a 
monument to George Washington, founded colleges and uni- 
versities, incorporated cotton factories, and began to pay a 
million and a haK a year in customs duties to the United 
States revenue. 
^ In 1810 the population was 46,555, and Baltimore was grow- 
■ ing more rapidly than any other Atlantic- city in both wealth 
and trade. But ab-eady the embargo had laid its paralysing 
hand upon the flourishing city's commerce. The diSiculties 
with Great Britain were culminating, and Baltimore had too 
many seamen afloat to escape feeling acutely the injustice of 
the British impressment act. The gi-eater part of our citizens 
welcomed the war of 1812 with enthusiasm, though it demol- 
ished the city's trade and threw its valuable merchant marine 
back upon the single resource of privateering. It was the 
activity and the audacity of the clippers sailing out of the 
Chesapeake that led to the expedition of 1814, the results of 
which were the capture of Washington and the battle of North 
Point and the bombardment of Fort :\[cHenry. The abdica- 
tion of Napoleon set free a large number of Wellington's vet- 
erans, and they were at once detached towards our shores with 



16 JIEilOIJIAL VOLITME. 

tlie ohjoct of destroying tlie centres of American commerce. 
Tlie i)lan avowed was to leave tliis (jountry " in a mncli worse 
condition as a naval and commercial power than she was at 
the commencement of the war." The Chesapeake had been 
closely blockaded and its shores ravaged by Admirals Sir 
I'eter Parker and Cockbnrn. The "pirates of the Chesapeake" 
were too obnoxious to British commerce not to be marked out 
for special vengeance. Baltimore sent out 58 cruisers dui'ing 
the war. They swept every sea, capturing hundi-eds of ves- 
sels. Hence, Ross and Cockburn were especially instructed to 
destroy Baltimore. They spared no pains to accomplish tlieir 
object. The fleet, however, could not get within striking dis- 
tance of Fort Mcllenry. The barges were repulsed. The 
.skirmishes on the North Point road showed that tlie land de- 
fences of Baltimore were too strong to be taken by assault and 
too extensive to be invested, and the expedition returned 
down the bay without effecting anj^thing. Ross was slain in 
an obscure affair of outposts, and the "Star Spangled Banner," 
the country's national anthem, Ava* composed under the fire of 
the ships of the line in AdniiraH]C\)ckburn'.s squadron. 

The Avar of 1812-15, however, bore with gi-eat severity upon 
the commerce and trade of Baltimore, and the demnged state 
of the country's finances, together with the changes in the 
conditions of transportation, prevented a return of the old 
elasticity for several years. Speculation in more than one in- 
stance attempted to usurp the place of legitimate trade, and 
the results Avere sometimes disastrous. There were extrava- 
gant importations on a suspicious cm-rency, and this Avas fol- 
loAA-ed by panic and collapse. The high tide of 1817 saAv an 
ebli in 1819, AA'lien 20,000 people were out of employment in 
Baltimore. The papei-s were filled Avith advertisements of 
sheriff's sales. The population of Baltimore fell off 10,000 
between 1815 and 1820. Rents on Baltimore street alone de- 
creased §1250,000, and operatives A\'ere glad to get half Avages. 
It AA-as in this dark i)eriod that New York and Ncav ICngland 
got ahead of lialtimore in the race for commercial and in<liis- 
trial supremacy. 

Yet the city did not liui'4"uish unduly. It built a steamboat 
and a steam-mill during the heat of the Avar. It chartered a 



MEMOKIAL VOLUME. 17 

Bible society and a museum. It laid tlie foundations of a 
Masonic Hall. It established a Merchants Exchange, built 
the Battle Monument, founded the Maryland Hospital, started 
the Colonization Society, adopted the use of illuminating gas, 
erected a shot-tower, endowed an Athenaeum, and girded up 
its loins for new struggles in the future. It recognized that it 
was situated most favorably for commerce. It expected to re- 
gain its trade with the interior and foreign parts as easily as 
they had been lost. It did not wait for trade to come to it, 
however, but reached out to conquer the avenues to it. Balti- 
more had eagerly co-operated with the plans of Washington 
for the slack-water navigation of the Potomac. It liad helped 
to cut tlu-ough a canal from the Delaware to the Chesapeake. 
It had aided in constructing the Susquehanna canal. These 
enterprises making but slow progress, Baltimore had pushed 
forward its system of turnpike roads to the M>st as eagerly as 
it pushed its ships into the trade of the Spanish main. It had 
connected its State roads with the "National " road from Cum- 
berland to Steubenville, Ohio. 

It was now seen that a change had come over the spirit of 
trade. Peace succeeded war throughout the world, and rein- 
stated industries niade rivali'ies more exigent and eager. 
There had been gi-eat and material improvements in transpor- 
tation. Labor, patience, capital, had succeeded to a rapid and 
venturesome capture of trade. Something must be done to 
supplement the daring clipper ship, seeking her market on a 
roving commission. Commerce had begun to move in definite, 
established lines. The coast depended more on the interior, 
and the race was now to gain the short ways to that. The 
slack-water navigation idea was not comprehensive enough. 
The canal became the gi-eat artery which every form of trade 
sought. New York had a river system and a lake system, 
with a flattened water-shed between them. DeWitt Clinton 
grasped the significance of this great advantage, and in 1825 
the Erie canal was completed. It was 369 miles long. It cost 
$7,600,000, and secm-ed the commercial primacy of New York 
city. 

Baltimore thought it would be as easy to unite the Potomac 
witli the Ohio and the Susquehamia with I^ake Erie and the 



18 MEMORLVL VOLUME 

Monongahela. En^neers pronounced it a feasible plan to 
fonstruct a C'he.sapeake and Oliio canal, and in l.S2;5 the State 
undertook the work. lialtiniore was jealous of (ieor^etown 
and Alexandria, however, and favored the Susijuehanna Canal 
project. It was finally induced to support the Chesapeake 
and Ohio plan also, with the amendment of a lateral canal to 
the Patapsco. The "internal improvement" policy was a 
source of fjreat excitement at this time. It was discussed in 
frequent public meetings and conventions also. It led to a 
large expenditiu-e of public and private funds. There were 
two citizens of Baltimore, however, Avho saw that canals could 
not easily nor shortly be carried over the Alleghany moun- 
tains, and who felt that when the Ohio was reached by them, 
I'altimore would have no more than the advantage New York 
ali-eady possessed. They knew that r>altimore ought to profit 
by tlie advantages in distance it enjoyed over New York — an 
advantage of 200 miles to St. Louis. The railroad, then being 
talked of in England, would insure this advantage, and these 
two Biiltimore merchants — Philip E. Thonuis and George 
Ih'own — boldly proposed to construct a railroad from Balti- 
uu)re to the Ohio river. 

In 1827, February 12th, a meeting was held in the city "to 
take into consideration the best means of restiu'ing to the city 
of Baltimore that portion of the western trade which has 
lately been diverted from it." A committee, consisting of 
Philip E. Thomas, Benjamin C. Howard, (Jeorge Brown, Talbot 
Jones, Joseph ^\'. Patterson, Evan Thomas and John V. L. 
McMahon, was appointed to consider the subject, and on the 
Hith these gentlemen reported to an adjourned meetii\g. 
They recomnu'uded "that measures be taken to construct a 
double railroad between the city of Baltimoiv and some suit- 
able point on the Ohio river," and that a company should 1)6 
incoiporated for that purpose. This meeting, probably the 
most important ever held in Baltimore, was the initial step in 
the construction of railroads in the United States. The future 
of Baltimore depends now, as it did then, upon the quickness 
of its citizens in their comprehension of what the times de- 
mand and their spirit of self-sacrifice in meeting such great 
emergencies. The railroads restored to Baltimore its lost 



MEMORIAL VOLU5IE. 19 

trade. Witli proper extensions they will regain for it its old 
conmaercial supremacy. 

The corner-stone of the Baltimore and Ohio was laid on 
July 4th, 1828, and thus was begun an undertaking which Avas 
to cost more to coniplete it than the whole wealth of the city 
when it was started. On the same day the first spade full of 
dirt was turned on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. On 
August 8th, 1829, the centennial of the passage of the Act for 
the settlement of Baltimore, the corner-stone of the Baltimore 
and Susquehanna Railroad was laid. Thus the internal im- 
provement system was inaugurated. The most heroic part of 
the i^erformance, the settlement of the debts so incurred, was 
yet to come. 

Meantime, the city grew. It had 80,000 people in 1829. It 
shipped 250,000 barrels of flour for export annually, and its 
tobacco exports exceeded 20,000 hogsheads. It was a liberal 
and progressive city, moreover. It removed all disabilities 
from the Jews and established a system of free public schools. 
It was generous and charitable, even sending money to relieve 
the distresses of the Greek revolutionists. A screw dock was 
established and the Canton Company founded in this centen- 
nial period, when also Washington and Alexandi-ia and Norfolk 
and Petersburg were comiected with the city by steamboat 
lines. The "Washington Monument was completed and dedi- 
cated and many other enterprises rounded up about this time. 

The internal improvement policy brought its revenges. It 
was carried to improvident extremes, and just when ovir citi- 
zens had put all their means in the canals and railroads, the 
panic of 1837 occurred. The losses by the Bank of Maryland 
were large; those by the failure of the United States Bank 
were larger. The State owed $11,700,000 for its public works; 
the city owed $5,500,000; interest was in default; city stock 
sold for fifty cents in the dollar, and the spirit of repudiation 
stalked abroad. Then the good men of Baltimore and the 
State made a still greater rally for the public credit than they 
had made for internal improvements, and, after a heroic effort, 
in which taxation searched our very vitals, every obligation 
was met, the public honor was saved and Baltimore stood 
respected before all the world. 



2U MEMORIAL YOLr.ME. 

In ISfil, when our city was once more on the crest of its 
prosperous wave, tlie civil war between the States broke out, 
and all trade, every industry, values and properties of every 
sort were laid prostrate. Our elders fled or retired from busi- 
ness. Our young men went to the wars, to fight for the one 
side or the other, and the military yoke pressed sternly about 
our necks. It was said then that Baltimore's prestige Avas 
gone forever. Her connections were broken ui>; her railroads 
destroyed; her capital had emigrated. 

The war ended in 1865, and in the fifteen years wliich have 
ensued Baltimore luis made more rai)id progress than ever.* 
Its growth has been metropolitan. It disdains provincial aims 
and provincial methods. It selects its points of trade over the 
whole broad continent. Its granaries contain the cereal pro- 
ducts of tAventy-seven great States. It wrestles for commer- 
cial supremacy with overgrown New York, and challenges, 
with its artificial resom-ces and careful economies, the great 
natural water-routes of internal commerce which the St. Law- 
rence and the jMississippi rivers provide. 

The people of Baltimore have not much changed from what 
they were in the days before and during the Revolution, when 
the place began to grow. Our Penates arc the same. The 
local temper, the local spirit, the local flavor of individuality, 
exist in all their original pungency. AVe have broadened, 
deepened, grown more cosmopolitan, spread in lung-space, and 
our greater height gives wider range of vision. But the daring 
merchants, full of spirit and enterprise, probity and honor, 
whose word is their bond, are still here ; the generous givers 
also, the saintly almoners of charity. Baltimore homes are 
the old familiar homes our gi-andsires knew ; and our Avomen 
keep np all the beauty, the grace, the well-arched insteps of 
their granddames who danced with Comte de Grasse's officei-s 
after Yorktown. The city mob is the same, too, careless, idle, 
generous, given to SAvift impulses, easily led and pacified, but 
hot tempered, furious and terrible in the flaming outbursts of 
its anger or its indignation. 



♦These figures will lie fouuil iu tbe chapter on " The Resources of Baltimore.' 



CHAPTER SECOND. 

The Sesqnl-Centennial Festival— lis Origin and Growdi. 

THE One Hundredth Anniversary of tlie passage of the Act 
of Assembly "for creating" the town of Baltimore on 
the north side of Patapsco was celebrated in Baltimore city on 
Saturday, August 8th, 1829, by a town meeting in Jlonument 
Square, and, as has already been stated, by the laying of the 
corner-stone of the Baltimore and Susciuehanna railroad, now 
called the Northern Central. The meeting in IMonument 
Square was a formal and ceremonious assemblage of citizens, 
beginning as early as 7 o'clock a. m. A platform was erected 
in front of the Court House, where so many platforms have 
since been built ; seats were reserved on it for the surviving 
soldiers of the war of the Revolution, for the Governor and 
other officers of the State, the city, the Government of the 
United States and foreigners of distinction. A very tasteful 
canopy,, with elaborate appropriate decorations, was tlu-o^vn 
over this grand stand, from the rostrum of which, after a 
prayer by Rev. Mr. Snethen, a centennial address was delivered 
by Mr. William George Read. Mr. Read, wliile by birth a 
South Carolinian, was fully entitled to speak for centennial 
Baltimore, because he was most eloquent and competent, a 
ripe scholar and an able lawyer, and because he had intermar- 
ried with a family to the manner born. His wife was Sophia 
Catharine, second daughter of John Eager Howard, and he 
himself was already at that early date one of our most promi- 
nent lawyers and esteemed citizens. Mr. Read's theme was 
the rise and progress of the city. After the oration, a proces- 
sion was formed at Masonic Hall, in St. Paul's street, under 
the direction of the Grand Eodge of JIaryland, there was a 
parade through the principal streets, the dedication and 
corner-stone-laying followed, and at night the ceremonies 
ended with fireworks. 



22 ^IKMORIAL VOLUME 

Wlion the One Huudi-ed and Fiftieth Auuiversaiy of tliis 
formal fouiidini,' of tlie city occurred, Aui^ust 8tli, 1879, there 
was no instant proposition for its celebration.* On Monday, 
November lOth, 1870, however, at the regular monthly meet- 
ing of the Maryland Historical Society, a letter was read from 
Mr. Daniel C. Gilman, President of the Johns Hopkins Univer- 
sity, in which the celebration was formally suggested. Mr. 
Gilman was not present at that meeting, having an engage- 
ment to deliver the opening addi'ess of the annual course of 
lectui-es at the ^laryland Institute. Tlie theme of that saluta- 
toiy address was " Baltimore's Opportimities," and in the 
course of it President Gilman introduced the subject of his 
letter to the Historical Society. It was just one hundi-ed and 
fifty years, he said, since the Act of Assembly providing for 
the founding of Baltimore, and he thought " the anniversary 
should not pass by without a fitting celebration." He went 
further and said : "If it be possible, let us have an exhibition 
of our industrial activity and of our gratitude towards the 
brave, eloquent and generous men who have passed away. 
Let our sister cities of the South and our .sister cities of the 
North be invited to send here their delegates, and, in tliis 
Centkal Crrv, and in this year of returning prosjx'rity, join 
hands in amity." 

This address of President Gilman's was heartily seconded 
by the press of the city, which eagerly Avelcomed his sugges- 
tions, as much in view of the moral effect — increased amity 
between tlie sections — as of the material outcomes of the cele- 
bration. It is not likely, indeed, that anj^ one at that time 
was prepared for such an overflowing of general enthusiasm as 
the celebration finally excited. A civic anniversary was in- 
deed contemplated from the first, but that did not necessarily 
imply unanimous and universal concurrence and co-opei-ation 
in the genei-al festival and rejoicing. As was said by one of 
the newspapers the next morning after President Gilman's 
address : " it was to be hoped that his wise and temperate sug- 

* The Uiiltimoie Morning Herald, of August 12tli, 1879, at that tuue edited by 
Col. .1. Thomas Scharf, the Maryland historian, did indeed contain a loni; article 
full of references to the occasion and tlie general public neglect of it, and this arti- 
cle speaks of it as the " Scsqui-Centcnnial of Baltimore." The writer did not how- 
ever go the length of i>rompting a celebration. 



MEMORIAL VOLOIE. 23 

gestioiis would secure a fast hold upon tlie ininds and imagi- 
nations of all tliose wlio are competent to reduce tliem to 
practice." 

Tlie Maryland Historical Society fortliwitli appointed a 
committee to consider Mr. Gilman's suggestions. This com- 
mittee reported in favor of a celebration, the report being 
made at the monthly meeting of the Society, on January 12th, 
1880, which happened to be the one hundi-ed and fiftieth anni- 
versary of the survey of the original plat for Baltimore town. 
In the meantime, the proprietors of The Su/i newspaper, fol- 
lowing the suggestion of Col. J. Thomas Scharf, had published 
on January 10th, 1880, a carefully prepared sketch of the early 
history of the town, its rise, progress and institutions. This 
memoir, the materials for which were largely secm-ed through 
Col Scharf, who had much to do likewise with its preparation, 
form and contents, was very favorably received by the public 
at the time, and doubtless contributed something towards 
directing the prepossessions of the community into the mould 
of the past. Tliis paper suggested, as President Oilman had 
already done, that the honorable and reputable past of Balti- 
more, the best guaranty of its glorious future, entitled the 
anniversary of its actual beginning to be kept with some de- 
gree of ceremonious observance. So much, it was hinted, was 
"a duty equally of courtesy and respect to the venerable foun- 
ders." 

In April, 1880, the Historical Society appointed a second and 
larger committee to prepare a programme for the celebration 
now definitely determined upon. This committee comprised 
Hon. John H. B. Latrobe, chairman, Hon. George William 
Brown, Hon. John I>ee Carroll, ]\Ir. Francis T. King, Mr. .Tames 
H. Bond, Mr. Robert Garrett, Ur. Daniel C. Gilman, Mr. Enoch 
Pratt, Mr. John W. McCoy, IMr. James A. Gary and Mr. John 
\V. M. Lee. It prepared a plan for the celebration, which was 
reported to the next (second :Monday in j\Iay) meeting of the 
Society. This plan, which, with various amendments became 
eventually the basis of the celebration as it was finally carried 
out, comprehended several features. From the first a week of 
festival was contemplated, and the committee " recommended 
to the citizens of Baltimore that the week beginning with 



24 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

October 4th, 1880, be devoted to <a general celebration of tlie 
t'ouudiug of lialtimore one hundred and fifty yeai"s ago." The 
plan suggested comprehended : I. A Civic Procession, illustra- 
ting the present condition of the Arts, Industries and Com- 
merce of Ikltimore ; the decoration of the streets, &c. II. A 
Commemoration of the Local Charities. III. A Musical Festi- 
val. IV. A Celebration by the Historical Society, consisting 
of an (h-ation, a I'oem, and otlicr appropriate exercises, at the 
Academy of Music ; and a Banquet. 

Tlie original plan was for the ^Maryland Institute to take 
charge of the industrial features of the celebration, it having 
been founded f(U" the purpose of fostering and encouraging the 
Mechanic Arts. It was probably contemplated that the Trus- 
tees of the Johns Hopkins Hospital would take the lead in 
directing the Local Charities display, and the Teabody Conser- 
vatory of Music seems to have been had in view by those who 
prompted the idea of a Musical Festival. These intentions, 
however, if they ever took definite form in the minds of their 
projectors, were not carried out. The Institute, after dallying 
awhile with the Industrial programme, abandoned it formally. 
The Charities display was never put into shape by the Hos- 
pital trustees, and the only proposition in regard to a ^lusical 
Festival which was heard of from the Peabody Conservatory 
was one from ]Mr. Ilamerik, to conduct a festival on such 
terms as the committee had no authority to accept, and which 
they deemed it anyhow impossible to put in execution. These 
oflicial failures and negations, while they produced a sense of 
disappointment for the time being, were veiy fortunate in the 
end for the character and extent of the celebration. The fes- 
tival, when it did take idace, was almost a spontaneous one, a 
movement emanating from the hearts of the people, inspii-ed 
by their enthusiasm and regulated by their good sense and 
judgment. 

The Historical Society recognized that the comprehensive 
programme adopted by it could only be carried out with the 
whole community co-operating, and the officers of ^lie Society 
were instructed to write to the ]Mayor of the city, Hon. Ferdi- 
nand C. Latrobe, submitting to him the plan of celebration 
proposed, and asking him, if it met his approval, to recommend 



me-:morial voLu:iiE. 25 

it to tlie community for tlieir support, and also to appoint a 
citizens' committee, to act independently of the Historical 
Society in furtherance of the project. The ]Mayor cordially 
approved the programme, and wrote to the Society to tliat 
effect, saying that "the wonderful progress made in the 
wealth, commerce and general prosperity of the city within 
the past few years is an evidence of what the future has in 
store for it, and the honorable record of Baltimore's history 
and that of her people is deserving of being told not only to 
the present generation, but rescued from its hiding places and 
pigeon holes and put in some lasting shape, to be preserved 
for those who are to come after us." The Historical Society, 
in addition to its general committee, appointed three special 
preliminary committees, with instructions to report at future 
meetings. The Committee on Historical Papers consisted of 
George William Brown, Edwin A. Dabymple and AVilliam H. 
Corner; on a Musical Festival, Asger Hamerik, Frank Frick 
and Henry C. Wagner, and on Historic Sites, John H. B. 
Latrobe, John W. McCoy and John W. M. Lee. 

The press very generally commented upon and approved the 
programme of the Society and sought to give practical effi- 
ciency to the ISIayor's endorsement of the work laid out. That 
work, however, could not be done without money, and the 
financial committee named by the Historical Society did not 
succeed at first in eliciting any suDscriptions worth taking into 
the account. The reluctance of the charity organizations to 
co-operate as suggested became manifest ; tlie ISIaryland Insti- 
tute was obviously not in a situation to justify it in taking 
the responsibility of managing the industrial part of the pro- 
gramme, and it seems to be the case that the rivalries and 
jealousies of our musical associations, quite as much as the 
lack of time for adequate preparation, made the musical festi- 
val impossible from the first. Nor can these various organiza- 
tions be blamed for their reluctance to embark upon the sea 
of troubles to which they were invited. Their managers knew 
that much would be expected of them. Their means were 
limited. The reproach and mortification of failure were cer- 
tain, and the rewards of success were micertain and indefinite. 



26 MEMORIAL VOIAME. 

A conference of Mayor Latrobe with the jreneral conunittee 
of the Historical Society led to his appointini,' a committee of 
citizens to co-operate with the Society. This committee con- 
sisted of Messi-s. John W. (iarrett, James R. Herbert, Henry C. 
Smith, Jolin S. Ho^tk, Hamilton l-iister, Robert Turner, John 
\V. Davis, William Keyser, Robert T. Raldwin, James Carey 
Coale, Louis Mc.Murray, James Sloan, Jr., Decatin- H. Miller, 
Allison Rrown, \\alter B. McAtee, (Jermon H. Hunt, I. Free- 
man Rasin, Joel (Jutman, John S. Oilman, Oliver .V. Parker, 
George Cator, John T. Morris, Joshua Vansant, John T. Ford, 
Otis Keilhcjltz, (ieorye R. Thomas, J}. F. Ullman, George W. 
Corner, John (iill, Henry A. I'arr, William J. Montague, Fred- 
erick Raine, M'illiam II. Skinner, C. Morton Stewart, John .M. 
Robinson, Christian A.\, James W. Tyson, Samuel H. Adams. 
These, with the original Finance Committee of the Historical 
Society, reinforced afterwards by other members, took the 
various matters connected with the celebration in their charge. 
Several meetings were held, tlie programme for the festival 
was discussed and an understanding come to as to what was 
practical to effect. No definite action ensued, however, the 
lack of financial resources and the adverse influences spoken 
of above having a paralyzing effect. The celebration, if it 
came off at all, must be upon a scale commensurate Avith the 
dignity and importance of the occasion and the interests of 
the great city whose anniversary was to be kept. To secure 
this, not only was the countenance and aid of the municipal 
authorities needed, but also the active and energetic co-oper- 
ation of the entire mercantile and business community. How 
to secure these essentials still seemed problematical to the 
committees. 

The city of Nashville liad had a great mmiicipal celebi-ation 
in May, during sevei-al weeks, and it would never do for Balti- 
more to permit Nashville to surpass it. Our citizens who had 
l)een present during that celebration were jiecnliarly struck by 
the large concourse of strangei-s there to witness the spectacles 
and disi)lays and take part in the festivities. Some of these, 
active, energetic, observant, public-spirited citizens, like Mr. 
John T. Ford for instance, made it their business to call ui)on 



JlKMOUI.Vr. VOLLME. 27 

the Mayor and tell liim wliat tliey had scon and heard, and 
how many old Baltimoreans there were throughont the South 
who would gladly embrace a festival opportunity to revisit 
their old home. The community heard of all these things, 
and it was seed sown in an auspicious soil. The true idea 
of the festival and its importance began to take shape in the 
public mind. 

That idea rested npon the central germ of a parade of indus- 
tries, a display of institutions and an exhibition of resources 
such as would reveal and illustrate the city's groAvth and pro- 
gress, not in one or two but in all directions. We knew the 
lieginnings, we would assemble the results, so as to be able to 
judge for ourselves what was the measiu-e and extent of our 
advancement. We would bring the past and the present 
together right before our eyes. The impression the spectacle 
made upon ourselves would be the criterion by which to esti- 
mate its power of impressing others. Every accessory which 
was suggested was conceived with the thought of embellish- 
ing this central idea and bringing it out into greater relief. 
The plan of a musical festival looked probably as much to 
this test of progress in the way of the display of choral and 
orchestral improvements and original composition as it did to 
the mere assthetic enjoyment of an artistic entertainment. 
This thought also lay at the bottom of the suggestion that the 
display of the mechanic arts should be conducted by the 
Maryland Institute, the oldest of our industrial foundations. 

The withdrawal of the Institute therefore from official 
connection with its part of the programme and the announce- 
ment made by the Historical Society's Musical Committee 
that it was forced to abandon the hope of carrying out the 
musical festival as proposed, caused a natural feeling of dis- 
appointment. These things, and the failure to collect any 
money, carried dismay into the hearts of those who had cher- 
ished hopes of a successful celebration. The charity com- 
memoration feature had fallen through,* the Historical 



*This was iu coupcquente of some miscalculations and misconceptions. It is 
probable also that the Trustees of the Johns Hopkins Hospital had received an 
impressiou of the indifference and Inkewarnmess of the conununity towards Presi- 
dent Oilman's suggestions. At any rate, they took no further public steps in the 



28 3IEM0UIAL VOLUME. 

Society liacl no intimate relations with the great busy, bust- 
ling, every day i)art of tlie community, and the impression 
deepened as the heats of midsummer intensified, that the 
Sesqui-C'entennial Celebration would in the end have to be 
consigned to that limbo of uncomi)leted projects where the 
happiest schemes of men still wander purposeless about. 

The danger of failure, however, x^robably inspired that 
temper in the public mind which made success inevitable 
and a matter of course. The time had come for action and 
action ensued. There was a special session of the City Coun- 
cil held on June 10th, for some object not necessary to recite 
here. At this se.ssion, however, the President of the Second 
Branch, Mr. A. II. Greenfield, introduced a resolution,* the 
purpose of which was to extend a thorough municipal recog- 
uitiou to the coming anniversary festival, to invite the co- 
operation of the United States government, in its army and 
navy departments, and to suggest to citizens the proi)riety of 
decorating their dwellings and places of business, erecting 
arches and taking part in every way in the celebration. 
Pending final action on this, the general committee of citi- 
zens whose names have been given above had a meeting and 
conference with Mayor Latrobe at his office i)i the City Hall. 
This was on June 22d, and Mr. J. H. B. Latrobe, the Chairman, 
stated that they had received sufficient encouragement from 
citizens generally to justify them in believing that the plans 
proposed for celebrating the anniversary as suggested by the 
Historical Society could be matured and substantially car- 
ried out. 



dirpotion of carrying out what was understood would be their part of the pro- 
gramme: the hiyin;; of a corner-stone to commemorate the founding of llie Hospi- 
tal, the huildinsrs of which, on tlieir tract of laud on North Broadway, were nearly 
completed. Tliis formal ceremony, it had been fancied, would furnish a jmnt (V 
apjyui for the cliaritahlc institutions to rally ujion and perform tlieir part in the 
ceie1)ration. There had been no public demonstration in coumctiou with the 
estai>lishment of Die Hospital so far, and the present seemed to lie a tit occasion if 
any demonstration was to be made. The trustees, however, if tliey ever enter- 
tained tlie project, were now found to liavc withdrawn from any idea of a putilic 
iustauratiou of their work. In short, this part of the programme proved to be 
impracticable for a variety of reasons, and it was reliu(|uishcd before any sti ps had 
been taken to jjive it shape. 

♦Drawn, it is stated, by Mr. .John T. Ford. 



MEIMOHIAL VOLUJIE. 29 

Tlie ij^eneral idea of the celebration, the extent of it, Avhat 
could he done and Avliat could not be done, were thus in a 
sense public property. Nothing was done, but the thought 
and the central notion of the celebration both lay fallow in 
the ininds of the people. The heats of summer had now 
come on, and those who are usually expected to take the lead 
in public celebrations and festivals had gone off to the dif- 
ferent summer resorts and watering-places. Preparations 
such as must be made and collections of money such as 
needed to be taken up were thus postponed until persons 
easily discouraged were all disposed to abandon the enter- 
prise in dispair. It was the apparent impos.sibility of secur- 
ing any funds, without which nothing in advance could be 
done in their departments, that constrained both the Mary- 
land Institute and the musical committee to give up the 
parts in the programme more or less formally ■assigned to 
their share. The directors of the Institute announced their 
withdrawal during the second week of July, and a few days 
later the musical committee gave notice that no musical fes- 
tival could be held at the date assigned for the celebration. 

The project which had been elaborated and distributed 
about among the various co-laborers was not given up, but it 
slept a very sound sleep at this time, from AA'hich it might 
perliai)S have relapsed into the sleep that knows no waking. 
But a new element embraced the project just in this hour of 
its greatest apathy and languor, gave it new life and more 
breadth and definiteness of direction. This was when our 
German fellow-citizens, thinking the case of the celebration 
hopeless, took hold of the matter themselves and determined 
that it should not be abandoned. This energetic and active 
class in the community, who exercise so much influence and 
have done so much to build up the city with which their 
nationality has been associated from the foundation, form 
no inconsiderable element in our population. Not less than 
one-third of the people of Baltimore are German by birth or 
by descent, either born themselves in Faderland, or descended 
of i^arents or grandparents who immigrated from thence. 
They are full of the spirit of co-operation ; have strong local 
pride and habits of a social turn throwing them much 



30 MEMOIUAL VOLIME. 

together in their hours of relaxation from labor. They do 
not KO to the watering-places in summer, but spend much 
time al fresco in their beer-gardens, surrounded by their 
families, and listening to good music. They had been ])ained 
at the idea that they were to have no musical festival and 
indignant at the thought that the city's anniversary was 
likely to be passed by without commemoration. They were 
thoroughly organized and provided with the means of prompt 
and effective communication and co-operation with one 
another through their different societies and associations 
and orders, whether of industrial, benevolent, artistic or 
merely social character. As soon as the determination on 
their part to have a festival began to exist, the spirit in 
which it originated was quickly .spread and diffused through 
the medium of these various societies and unions. 

After a very little consideration and consultation, the rep- 
resentatives of over forty-five societies, unions, lodges, bunds 
and vereins met in a sort of convention at the Hall of the 
Germania Maenucrchor, West Lombard street, on August ;50th. 
The meeting was energetic and earnest. An organization Avas 
promptly effected, action followed at once, and from this 
hour the preparations for the celebration were pressed for- 
ward with unflagging zeal and the assurance of success. It is 
to this preparatory meeting that the honor must be ascribed 
of popularizing the celebration and of striking on its behalf 
that keynote of general enthusiasm which finally became the 
most remarkable feature of the great display. At this meet- 
ing, in addition to the preliminary organization, a definite 
date was set for the celebration (October 4th) and a definite 
programme was adopted. This included a procession, illus- 
trating with tableaux the history of the city from its settle- 
ment to the present time, with an industrial parade compre- 
hending every sort of mechanism and handicraft. The 
programme was to be concluded with a celebration at 
Schuetzeu Park, where, when the procession arrived, there 
were to be orations in German and English, with music and 
other appropriate features. 

The meeting adjoiunied to meet in the same place on 
Thursday, September 1st. Here the permanent organization 



MEMORIAL VOLOIE. 31 

was effected, the work divided up and tlie various committees 
appointed to take charge of it. It seems as if this were the 
proper place to speak of this organization, s' ice this was the 
beginning of it, thougli some changes Avere made in the com- 
mittees and the work assigned to them greatly enlarged in 
its sphere and distribution. In its final and authentic shape, 
therefore, the German Execidme Committee of the Sesqui- 
Centennial Celebration consisted of John R. Fellman, Chair- 
man, Julius Conrad, Secretary, Dr. A. Richter, Treaavrer, and 
Messrs. Jos. Raiber, John Mechtold, John Hemeter, Chr. Bar- 
tell, R. D. Boss, H. Schroeder, W. Rosscamp, A. von Degen, and 
H. Schoecke. The Committee on Agitation consisted of Jos. 
Raiber, Qliv. Bartell, J. Siebrecht, R. D. Boss, and A. von Degen. 
Committee of Arrangements, Chr. Bartell, Jos. Raiber, L. Beck, 
Fred. Beckmann, R. D. Boss. Com,mittee on Finance, John 
Hemeter, Dr. A. Richter, H. Schoecke, Aug. Schaeffer, L. Ber- 
ner. Committee on Decorations, John IMechtold, O. Nordhoff, 
G. Jung, George Worf. Grounds, William Rosscamp, Clias. 
Schneider, Henry Engelhardt. Music, R. D. Boss, Jos. Raiber, 
Fred. Jacober. Artistic, H. Schroeder, I. Loewenthal, C. 
Bersch, J. A. Sudsburg. Iteception, Theo. Horn, Dr. F. Has- 
sencamp, Sr., Prof. Knapp, Ed. Gronau, L. Schneider, Henry 
Engelhardt, W. A. Schweckendeck. Printing, A. von Degen, 
F. ^y. Kirschner, Aug. Steman, Dr. Gust. Warlitz, Ph. H. Len- 
derking, Theo. Kroh, Sr. 

This meeting, only the second that was held, was attended 
by the representatives of over sixty societies. It was at this 
meeting also that the Germans took the broad and patriotic 
stand of having a celebration such that every citizen Avould 
be glad to participate in it, one so broad and comprehensive 
that no nationality could claim the exclusive direction of it. 
This position, so important to the success of any such festival 
and so well maintained throughout all the subsequent pro- 
ceedings, was definitely stated by the meeting, in consequence 
of a slight effort made by some ill-advised members to nar- 
row and restrict the affair. To check this at once, the Secre- 
tary, ]\Ir. Conrad, offered a resolution to the effect that the 
German citizens of Baltimore were actuated solely by patri- 
otic motives in this attempt to celebrate the coming great 



OZ MKMOIU.VL VOLUME. 

municipal lioliday, and that the co-operation of all citizens 
was invited, ho as to nialve the celebration f,'eiieral and suc- 
cessful. It was also explicitly declared that nothing of a 
political character or tendency was to have place in the 
parade or celebration. The resolutions, or the speakere to 
them, further said that the German initiative was not taken 
in any spirit of forwardness, but because they did not wish 
a festival which American-born citizens had not seemed to 
sustain, to be entirely abandoned. There was an adjourned 
meeting of the representatives of these societies, now in- 
creased to seventy-two, on September Sth. At this meeting 
his Honor Mayor I^atrobe was elected President of the Cele- 
bration, Col. J. Thomas Scharf invited to deliver the English 
oration and Col. Frederick Kaine the German oration in 
Schuetzen Park. Captain Jos. Kaiber was elected Chief ^Nlar- 
shal of the Celebration, and other appropriate arrangements 
were made. 

"We have been jiarticular to give in considerable detail the 
action of these initial meetings of the German societies, 
before the rest of the community began to co-operate with 
t;liem. This action was undoubtedly the turning i:)oint of the 
festival. As the hitely published "Proceedings of the Mary- 
laud Historical Society in connection with the Celebration"* 
tersely remark : " The proposed celebration received the 
very earnest support of the German citizens of Baltimore, 
and to the impulse given to it by their active and Avcll- 
directed energy, is due, in large measure, the brilliant success 
with -fthich the enterprise was attended." This is the fact. 
The first inception Avas not theirs, nor the fi^nal arrangements. 
They did not conceive the celebration, nor did they antici- 
pate the full measure of its final success. But they infused 
life and vigor into an almost expired purpose. They guaran- 
teed us again.st the mortification of an absolute failure. 
They smote the rock of the pul)lic sympathy until generous 
emulation, patriotic endeavor and general enthusiasm burst 
forth in one mighty stream that bore down every obstacle 
and swept away every difficulty. In their action originated 
the movement and the popularity of the celebration, its 

•Fund-Publication, No. U>. 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 33 

hearty cliarcacter and that robust bonhommie which colored 
all the later proceeding's witli a peculiar glow. 

The German committees went to work witli a Avill, aided 
materially by Col. Scharf, whose familiarity witli the chron- 
icles of the State and city, into the history of which lie has 
searched so deeply, no less than his unflagging zeal and in- 
domitable energy, made him a most useful and indeed indis- 
pensable collaborateur. The historical tableaux were selected 
and designed under his suggestions, and he also gave much 
aid to all the other committees. The German committees 
were quite successful in collecting money for promoting the 
objects of the celebration. To aid in this necessary work a 
commemorative medal was ordered to be struck off and sold.* 

With the second week of September it had thus become 
evident to all that Baltimore would celebrate its anniver.sary, 
and all citizens began to co-operate to make the celebration 
what it shonld be. On Monday, September 6th, the commit- 
tee appointed by the German societies, Mr. Chr. Kartell, 
Chairman, waited upon Mayor Latrobe and notified him of 
his having been appointed Honorary President of the Cele- 
bration. There was also a general conference upon the sub- 
ject of the coming display, with a suggestion that a later day 
be set for it, with the view to add to the various attractions. 
The iMayor accepted the position tendered him, and assured 
the committee of his active sympathy and support. He ex- 
pressed a confident belief that the new fire now kindled 
would spread until the enthusiasm reached all classes. He 
believed that the City Council, when it reassembled, would 
recognize the anniversary in a handsome and substantial way, 
make the festival a season of legal holiday and reinforce it 
with every municipal resource. Co-operation in every way 
and of all citizens and interests was essential to such a cele- 
bration as was desirable. The action of the City Council 
should be waited for and the Historical Society, which would 
soon meet, should be consulted. Its original plan, contem- 

* It was of bronze, attached to a slip of ribbon. It bore on one side a represen- 
tation of the Battle Momniient, with the words: "One Hundred and Fiftieth Anni- 
versary of the Fonuding of Baltimore," with tlie two dates 1T30 and ITflO. On tlie 
obverse was a head of George Calvert and tlie words : " George Calvert, first Lord 
of Baltimore." Tlio price was 25 cents, and many were sold. 



34 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

plating a general and comprehensive celebi-ation, had not 
been abandoned, and the general conunittee appointed by 
him was still in existence. 

On September 7th the Mayor appointed a nuiuicipal sub- 
committee "to represent the Mayor and City Council in 
making ari-angements for the proper celebration of the 
Sesqui-Centennial." Of this committee Hon. Francis Putnam 
Stevens was appointed Chairman, the other luemljcrs being 
Messrs. Henry C. Smith, Gen. James li. Herbert, John T. Ford 
and Daniel J. Foley. Mr. Foley could not serve, not being 
able to remain in the city, and Col. J. Thomas Scharf, at first 
elected Permanent Secretary, was finally appointed member 
of the committee in Mr. Foley'.s stead. In apix)inting him 
Mayor Latrobe did Col. Scharf no more than justice when he 
enumerated his zeal, industry and efficiency as contributing 
so materially to the .success of the celebration. The services 
of ^Ir. Stevens and Col. Scharf were most appropriately recog- 
nized on October 11th, when they were presented with badges 
in the .shape of gold medals, in token of "their very valuable 
/services." These memorials, which were accompanied by a 
letter .signed by many prominent citizens, were formallj' 
handed to the two gentlemen by Mr. A. H. Greenfield, Presi- 
dent of the Second Branch of the City Council. Mr. Green- 
field said that the badges, handsome as they were, only 
represented in a slight degree "the liigh appreciation of 
your fellow citizens for your noble and laborious efforts and 
the inestimable services yon have rendered in bringing to a 
successful issue the appropriate celebration of our Sesqui- 
Centennial.'' The badges were indeed desened, as Mr. Green- 
field said, "in recognition of untiring labor and assiduous 
attention." 

The exertions indeed of this Municipal Committee and 
their clerks and of the German and other committees from 
this time forward were simply herculean. It was a labor truly 
of love, for no money could have compensated it. It involved 
not merely the organization of an army and a campaign, with 
a battle at the finale, but the organization also of a war de- 
partment, a commissariat and a transportation service. .\n 
empty treasury had to W supplied; a local enthusiasm to be 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 35 

created and intelligent direction given to it. The various 
committees in fact had to cover such a multitude of details 
as probably never before fell to committees in such a brief 
time. That their work was well done this history will bear 
witness to on every page of the description wluch follows. 

The Municipal Executive Committee met in the Mayor's 
Office, City Hall, at noon on September Sth, the day after 
their appointment, and proceeded vigorously to work. They 
had a consultation fortlnvith with delegates from the German 
Committees and with Col. Frederick Eaine, of the General 
Committee. The first thing to do was to set a date for the 
Celebration. October lltli was selected; the festival, it was 
determined, should continue at least five days and the gen- 
eral programme alreadj^ adopted by the German societies was 
provisionally accepted. 'Work was cut out and apportioned 
to the various committees and great progress was made in 
deciding what was to be done and who were the best persons 
to do it. An additional finance committee Avas named, and 
in the work of this committee, as of all the others, Mayor 
I^atrobe shared largely. 

The German societies having in a general meeting ratified 
the action of their committees of coirference in regard to the 
changes of date and programme, the festival was acknowl- 
edged to have received a "boom." There was no want of 
co-operation on the part of any one to promote the success of 
the great enterprise, and by degrees the differing opinions of 
all were fused into unanimous enthusiastic acceptance of the 
form of celebration finally determined upon. A little pres- 
sure, a little diplomacy, much tact, forbearance and good 
temper were called for at various periods in the intricate 
series of preparations and arrangements. They were never 
missing when demanded, and little by little, every interest, 
every association and organization, every social, benevolent 
and charitable order, all the religious bodies and finally the 
entire community were attracted to the brink and drawn into 
the vortex of the festival. They came to look, but they 
stayed to work. The doubter acquired faith, the sceptic be- 
lieved, the cynic turned patriot, for once. After the meeting 
and conference of September 0th at Raine's Hall there could 



36 MEMOI5LVL V0LU3IE. 

be no fiirthor doubt tliat tlio celebration ■wonld take plaee and 
that it would be a ^^eiieral one. It was in this meeting that 
Mr. F. P. Stevens, (.'hairnian of tlie Municipal Executive (oni- 
mittee, fii-st cast the full horoscope of the coniinjj: festival, 
which, he said, would rise higher than any mere commercial 
view could .scan. It would, he said, be something of which 
all would speak in after years with pride and patriotic feeling, 
something which would make an indelible impression upon 
tlie rising generation. From this date there was no more 
division of counsels. All the committees established their 
headcpiarters at the City Hall, the Mayor having assigned his 
reception room to them. The office hours here were from i» 
A. iM. to ;} p. M., and, as the Avork to be done grew upon the 
hands of all connected with it and a larger clerical force was 
required, this room began to resemble the Corn-exchange at 
its hour of heaviest business — a mart of bustle and a centre 
of activity and push for five continuous weeks such as only 
an Adjutant (ieneral's office after a battle, or Covent Garden 
market in the morning, ever presented. From this centre 
of business, where correspondence poured in from all quar- 
ters, bushels of letters went forth, while cords and tons of 
documents, circulars, postei's, Avere sent out for distributioji 
far and Avide. The bulletins indeed and circulars and "ad- 
A^ance uotices" in connection Avith the festiA'al Avere admi- 
i-ably contriA'ed to attract attention throughout the State and 
coimtry. XeAvspapers in the interior everj^A'here gave the 
celebration groat attention, AA'hile the business men of the 
city notified their correspondents in cA'cry quarter and invited 
thousands to i)articipate Avith them in Baltimore's coming 
jubilee. 

September l."]th the Mayor issued a proclamation to the 
people, as folloAvs : 

Maa'ok's Office — City Hall, 
Baltimore, September 13th, 1880. 
To the Citizens of Baltimore : 

It is proposed to recognize the One Hundred and Fiftieth 
Anniversary of the founding of Baltimore by a civic festiA^al, 
commencing on Monday, October lltli, and ending ou tlie 
evonim: of October I'lth. 



MEMORIAL VOIAIME. 37 

I earnestly reciuest all citizens to unite in an effort to make 
this celebration a success. Let it be creditable alike to the 
groAvtli and prosperity of our city and the great development 
of its industries and public enterprise. Let us in tliis way 
give expression to the pride we feel in the past history and 
the hopes we entertain for the future of Baltimore. During 
the festival the people are recpiested, by the decoration of 
their houses, the liberal display of the national ensign and the 
erection of triumphal arches, to indicate their full sympathy 
with its object. Let us invite the friends of Baltimore from a 
distance to join with us in celebrating its one hundred and 
fiftieth birthday. 

The first day of the fete will be especially devoted to a dis- 
play of industrial and manufacturing industries in a proces- 
sion, in which all trades are invited to join. This will be 
followed by parades of the military, police and fire depart- 
ments. The commissioners of the public schools are requested 
to give evidence of the high estimation in which Baltimore 
holds free education by some suitable demonstration, in which 
at least a portion of the 35,000 pupils may take part. The 
different benevolent orders and societies are invited to join in 
the parades, and it is hoped that the trustees of the Peabody 
Institute, the Johns Hopkins University and the Johns Hop- 
kins Hospital will take some action on this occasion to attract 
a merited attention to these most noble institutions and to the 
memory of their munificent donors. 

Ferdinand C. Latrobe, 
3Iayor. 

This proclamation served very natiu*ally to shape and to 
stimulate jiublic effort, and it was uttered at precisely the 
right time to do good. The Historical ^ociety came forward 
at once and promised the municii)al committee its cordial sup- 
ixirt and co-operation, and there was a general movement in 
the same direction among the social and benevolent orders. 

On September 14th the additional Finance Committee, as 
recommended on September 9th by Mr. Henry C. Smith, was 
reconstituted and appointed as follows : F. C. Latrobe, Mayor, 
Wm. H. Graham, chairman, John E. Hurst, John Q. j\.. Herring, 



38 MOIOKIAL YULUME. 

Robert Garrett, and Henry A. Parr. Tliis committee ulti- 
mately became custodian of all the funds raised and appropri- 
ated for the furthei-auce of the commemoration ceremonies. 

Three days after the appointment of tliis general finance 
committee a meeting of leading business men Avas held at tlie 
City Hall, Wm. H. Graham presiding, when it was stated that 
as it would be necessary to raise §-"jO,()Un to carry out the annl- 
vei-sary programme the finance committee s]u)uld be enlarged 
to include representatives of all ti-ades and avocations. It was 
determined that all money raised should be spent for adver- 
tising in fifteen different States, for entertaining visitors Avho 
came in organized bodies, uniformed; for bands of music and 
other purposes incidental to street parades, &c. 

Chaii-men of finance committees for the several timdes were 
appointed as follows : wholesale clotliing, J. Friedenwald ; 
tobacco trade, W. A. Boyd; retail clothing, Lewis Stmsburger; 
gi'oceries, S. E. Egerton; insm-ance companies and real estate 
agents, W. J. Montague; grain, H. A. Parr; lime, Frederick 
Ellenbrook; lawyers, &('.., and nineteenth ward, F. C Slingluff; 
liquor and brewers, "\Vm. Eckhardt and L. Berner; smoking 
tobacco, C. Ax; retail dry goods, iVbrahani Nachman; shipping 
merchants, A. Kummer; wholesale dry goods, J. A. Hurst; 
boots and shoes, John L. Bigham; china and queenswar(>, 
George M. Bokee; hide and leather, Thomas Deford; can 
goods, C. H. Mercer; tinware, M. Ingram; iron and steel and 
factories, II. J. Keyser; lumber, George F. Sloan; livery stables, 
Arthur Mann; drugs, glass, paints and oils, C. A. Yogeler; coal, 
John ^loylan; fertilizers, Wm. H.Cirafilin; bankei-s and brokers, 
Alexander Frank; railroad and steamboat lines, J. Q. A. Her- 
ring ; jewelers, W. H. Ilennegen ; drovers and cattle dealers, R. 
:M. Jones; butchers, Peter Kell; notion dealers, J. L. Sickel; 
bakei"s and confec^tionei-s, J. H. Mason, Jr. ; hats and caps, 
Edward Comiolly; flour and feed, II. F. Turner; gas fittei-s and 
plnmbei's, C. Y. Davidson; furniture, M. H. Banks; provisions 
and pork, II. Shriver; physicians, Dr. A. Richter, Dr. James 
Linthicum; tailors, A. Schaelfer; saloons, L. Bemer and J. 
Hemmeter; shoemakers, Jacol) Bonnet; cabinetmakers, H. 
Sander; looking-glass frame manufactui'ers, W, Eckhardt; 



MEMORIAL VOLUJIE. 39 

paper, D. W. Glass; ice, W. Abrahams; auctioneers, O. H. Kii-k- 
laud; hardware trade, Artluir Emory and l*>d\vard T. Jones; for 
retail trade north of Baltimore street, Adolph Naclimiin and 
E. G. Hipsley. 

The list of suljscriptions is too long to be enumerated here, 
and it would perhaps be invidious to single out names in such 
a connection where the entire community contributed accord- 
ing to their means, willingly and gladly. Some gave large 
amounts, many more gave small sums only. The contributors 
of sums of from one dollar to twenty number hundreds of 
names. Nearly every head of a family in the city, in addition 
to the public and advertised subscriptions, was called npon to 
spend money liberally in the purchase and preparation of 
decorations, in contributing for illuminating the public parks 
and squares, in embellishing his own premises and providing 
for tlie entertainment of guests during the festival week. The 
sum of this outlay, which of course can only l^e approximately 
estimated, was very large, and it is in itself the best testimo- 
nial which could be afforded to the universal interest of the 
community in the celebration. The entire sum derived from 
private subscriptions, fii'st and last, aggregated $20,807, and it 
was thought that this would be c]uite enough, in connection 
with a municipal appropriation of $10,000 which it was pretty 
certain would be made, to promote every object of the cele- 
bration as far as money could do it.* 

One most striking featm-e in comiection with the festival as 
it approached was the interest manifested in it by Ealti- 
moreans who were abroad, by former residents or natives of 
the city. Words of cheer and encouragement from these came 
from every direction, mingled with tokens of affection and 
kindly remembrance. Great numbers of invitations were .sent 
out to persons of this class who, with military and mimicipal 
organizations of other places, were asked to come on and 
become guests of the city. There were many comic incidents 
also in connection with this preparatory period, some ludi- 
crous contretemps and some not so pleasant manifestations of 
selfishness and greed. The German Committee on Music 
found it almost impossible to secure any of the city bands at 
* A financial statement will be found in the Appendix. 



40 MEMOIUAL VOLCmE. 

moderate or the usual figures, prices having been sent up in 
proportion to tlie anticipated demand. In the matter of vehi- 
cles, hacks, trucks and horses, there was a short and sharp 
" corner," of course, and every available hoof in l>altimore and 
vicinity was hired many days in advance for every day of tJie 
celebration. 

Mayor Latrobe, an ardent friend of the festival, an ardent 
worker in its service and an ardent believer in its success 
from the fii'st, went on to Boston to see how that city cele- 
brated its Two llundi'ed and Fiftieth Anniversary, in order to 
get what suggestions he could for the Baltimore celebi-ation. 
He returned very much pleased, both with what he saw and 
with the conviction that Baltimore could and would outdo the 
Boston disi)lay, without the municipality spending so much 
money upon it. After his return, on September 20th, the City 
Council met. The Mayor sent in a special message, m-ging 
that the coming celebration should receive prompt municipal 
recognition and mcu-al and material aid. In that message the 
Maj-or said : 

"Gentlemen: Upon the reassembling of your honoi-able 
body there are some mattei-s to which I desire to call your 
attention. It seemed to be the public wish that some recog- 
nition should be taken of the fact that the present year is the 
150th anniversary of the founding of Btiltimore. With this 
object the Historical Society of Maryland suggested that there 
should be a civic celebration of tlie event, and appointed a 
committee to confer with tlie ISIayor and act with a committee 
to be appointed by him in taking action in the matter. For 
awliile nothing further was done in this connection, but, it 
evidently being the popidar desire that the suggestion of the 
Historical Society should be carried out, a large and inniien- 
tial body of our (ierman-American citizens, determining that 
this desire should be gratified, witli praiseworthy patriotism 
effected an organization and commenced active preparations 
for the contemplated celebmtion. 

"Having a])pointed a working committee and selected the 
Mayor as tlieir lionorary president, I in turn appointed a sub- 
committee from that first selected to represent the niimici- 
pality and act in conjunction with the committee appoiuli-d 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 41 

by tlie German-American citizens. Tlie coiiference between 
tbese committees lias resnlted in a determination to have a 
civic festival, commencinK on October 11 and ending on tbe 
IGtli. During the period thus selected it is proposed to liave 
a demonstration worthy of the event commemorated. That 
the celebration will be of public benefit I have no doubt. It 
will thoroughly advertise our city, and by bringing a great 
many strangers to Baltimore will afford them opportunities 
for seeing some of its attractions and advantages. It will 
remind the youth of the rising generation of the honorable 
history of their native city and awaken a just pride in its 
record and in the memory of those who have contributed to 
its greatness and public enterprise. It will enable the people 
better to realize its prosperity by witnessing a representation 
of its numerous trades, its public schools, its fire department, 
its military organizations, its police, its educational institu- 
tions and its benevolent societies. 

" In the patriotic addresses which will probably be deliv- 
ered on the occasion the people will have an opportiyiity of 
hearing how the small tract of sixty acres of land, laid out in 
lots of "one acre each, in 1730, by Thilip Jones, the then county 
surveyor, on the banks of the Patapsco, has in 150 years 
become the great and prosperous community among whose 
citizens it is our privilege to be numbered. I think the occa- 
sion and the efforts being made by those gentlemen who have 
charge of the celebration are worthy of official aid and recog- 
nition I therefore recommend the appointment of a com- 
mittee on the part of the City Council, to include the presi- 
dents of both its branches, which shall co-operate witli the 
citizens' committees; also the extending of all such other aid 
and encouragement as may be in the power of your honorable 
body to make the contemplated celebration a success. 

"Ferdinand C. Lateobe." 

On October 4th the City Council yielded to what appeared 
to be a public demand which no one would question and 
appropriated $10,000 as the city's part towards the expenses 
of the celebration. The lltli of Octol^er was declared a 



42 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

municipal liolitlay, and the Mayor's reconinieiidations were 
fully complied with. Committeeri were appointed represent- 
ing ])Oth Jn-anches of the Council, as follows : 

Special Cuminittee : M. E. Mooney, chairman, John A. Pob- 
son, James liroumel. Dr. James P. Thom, John McWilliams, 
James Toner. Reception (Jommittee : Col. John A. Hobson, 
cliairnian, John Stewart, I'resident First IJranch, Dr. J. D. 
riske, Thos. H. Hamilton, 8. E. Atlcinson, Wni. J. Kelly, James 
St. L. Pei-ry, Joshua Horner, Jr., John M. Cietz, John Meers, 
John J. Mahon, H. G. Fleddennan, D. G. "\Vrifj:ht, James E. 
Weaver, John 8. Hogg, Jacob Schenkel, M. Alex. Miller, A. H. 
Greenfield, President Second Branch, Wm. Stevens, S. E. 
Clagett, John McWilliams, Dr. D. S. C. Ireland, J. Frank 
Lewis, J. C. Toner, Pob't A. Poulton, J. F. Weyler. 

For twenty days before the anniversary the details attended 
to by the blended ]\Iunicii>al and German Executive Commit- 
tees were almost ovenvhelming. In placing Mr. F. P. Stevens 
at the head of the iMmiicipal Committee, the Mayor counted 
npon steadfast energy, and the expectation was not disap- 
pointed. To Mr. Henry C. Smith were entrusted the varied 
negotiations with business men and houses. Gen'l James R. 
Her1)ert's experience as a commander made him valuable for 
advice as to the best methods of liandling masses of men. It 
was at liis suggestion that Col. Hemy D. Loney, an experienced 
officer, was called to the aid of tlie Cliief ^iarshal, Mr. Joseph 
Kaiber. For his own part, Mr. Kaiber exhiT)ited remarkable 
administrative faculty. It soon became evident that the first 
day's procession, in whicli the German Committee AVcas chiefly 
interested, would be an immense affair, and to classify and 
systematize all the various elements, and insure imunptness 
and harmony of movement, was a work demanding the sliill of 
a general. Mr. Raibei' and his cliief of staff, Col. Loney, proved 
fnlly equal to the requirement. ^Ir. John T. Ford, by his 
varied experience as a theati'ical manager, was also a most 
useful member of the committee, always fertile with timely 
suggestions. Col. Scharf, secretary of the committee, gave liis 
whole time to the duty of the hour, and in all departments of 
the business in hand, rendered most efficient service. The 



MKMUKIAL VOIA'.ME. 43 

work of tlie Finance Committee sliows for itself ; but for tlie 
sacrifice of time, and the activity displayed by these gentle- 
men there would have been very little of a display. 

One who reads the history of this celebration and the de- 
scription of the pageants of the six days of the memorable 
anniversary week may form some idea of the labor of the 
committees in arranging and classifying the different ele- 
ments ; in preparing the programmes of the different days ; in 
laying down the routes of processions; in securing reduced 
i-ates of travel; in advertising; issuing invitations; attending 
to the public comfort and taking such precautions beforehand, 
that all who came should be fed and lodged. To achieve a 
brilliant success in this latter particular, after the midsummer 
failure of Cliicago on the occasion of the Knights Templar 
convocation, was a crowning glory of the Baltimore anniver- 
sary, where the crowds of strangers were far greater than our 
sister city of the west had to care for. A department of pub- 
lic comfort was established at the City Hall, of which Mr. II. 
W. Eastman was the head, and this department made it easy 
for all strangers to find respectable accommodations at such 
moderate rates that not a single complaint was heard dm-ing 
the festival. 

The duties of the ]\Iayor were increased immensely, and his 
work was not done when all the preparations were completed, 
for it afterwards fell to his lot to lead the procession of the 
first day and then stand five hours to review it, repeating the 
reviewing formality every day of the week. In company Avith 
Hon. John L. Thomas, Jr., Collector of the Port and CJcn'l 
James R. Herbert, the INIayor went to Washington and secured 
the co-operation of men and ships of the War and Navy Depart- 
ments, the Navy detailing the steam war vessels Vandalia and 
Kearsage to come to Baltimore and the War Department issu- 
ing orders for the participation of the garrison of Fort 
McHenry in the demonstration. 

By the Gth of October the programmes for every day of 
anniversary week were arranged and the routes of march laid 
down. Rev. H. L. Singleton had been appointed to secure the 
co-operation of all the ministers of religion. Dr. James Gib- 
bons, Archbishop of Baltimore, requested all the Catholic 



44 IMEMoKlAh VOLUME. 

clergymen of liis arclidiocesc, all tlie male benevolent pocie- 
ties, male parochial hcIiooIs, &e., to participate in the anniver- 
sary, Avhich they did. The Protestant clergy were ecinally 
zealons. Sunday, October lOth, the day before the beginning 
of the civi(^ demonstration, services appropriate to the occasion 
were conducted in all the churches, and on the Saturday pre- 
ceding, the event was fully recognized in the Hebrew temples. 

A large meeting of clergymen was held in the armory of 
the City Hall, Rev. George A. Leakin, presiding, when the 
following resolutions were unanimously adopted : 

'■Resolved, That we cordially approve of the recommenda- 
tion of his honor the IMayor to celebrate the 150th anniversary 
of the founding of our city. 

"Resolved, That we recommend to all ministers to call 
attention to the occasion on the Lord's day or Sabbath imme- 
diately preceding the celebration, in any manner that may 
seem appropriate to them, on which occasion the committee 
also recommend that a special thanksgiving be rendered to 
Almighty God for His providential care and favor toward the 
city during the last 150 years." 

This meeting was attended by the following clergjmien: 
Revs. George Leeds, J. S. B. Hodges, Peregrine Wroth, J. W. 
Osborne, Campbell Fair, of the Protestant Episcopal Church ; 
Revs. J. W. M. Williams, C. C. Bitting and J. T. Craig, of the 
Baptist Church; Revs. A. B. Cross, George Morrison, G. E. 
Jones, David J. Beale, John Leyburn, H. I^. Singleton and J. 
W. Jones, of the l*resbyterian Church; Revs. J. H. Brown, 
Richard Norris, T>. H. Carroll, Job A. Price, A. W. Courtenay, 
J. B. Stitt, J. F. Ockerman, L. C. Muller, W. F. Spcakc, J. R. 
Cadden, J. IT. M. liemon, S. M. Hartsock, J. E. Amos, Thomas 
L. Ponlson, J. H. Smith, Robert Steele, colored, and J. A. 
Holmes, colored, of the M. E. Church; Rev. S. K. Cox, of the 
M. E. Chun-h South ; Rev. J. B. Jones, of the IMethodist Prot- 
estant Church; Rabbis H. Hochheimer, Benjamin Szold, Dr. 
Sneeberger and A. Kaiser; Rev. J. T. Rossiter, of the Reformed 
Church; Rev. J. .\. Barclay, of the lyutheran Church. 

To the Catholics Archbishop Gibbons issued the following 
circular to be read in the churches on Sunday, October loth: 



MEMOUIAL VOLUJFK 45 

" The Catliolics of Baltimore have ah-eady given unmistak- 
able proofs of their readiness to earnestly co-operate with 
their fellow-citizens in making the celebration a great suc- 
cess. This is as it should be, for the approaching festivities 
will be a most fitting occasion for us to realize the many 
advantages which we enjoy in this community, to thank God 
for all His graces, especially for the precious blessing of civil 
and religious liberty, as well as to honor the memory of those 
far-seeing men who founded Baltimore, to whose wisdom and 
moderation its citizens to-day are in a great measure indebted 
under God, for the freedom and prosperity which they now 
enjoy." The beneficial and tempei'ance societies and the 
Catholic Knighthood are to parade on the 14th of October. 
Men of the several congregations, not members of any society, 
may parade with them by consent of the officers, if provided 
with a badge. The clergy will accompany their societies in 
carriages. The male pupils of the parochial schools will 
parade on the 12th, Tuesday. The clergy are enjoined to 
exhort the people " to avoid all excesses while entering into 
the spirit of the celebration in a manner Avorthy of citizens 
capable of appreciating tlie many comforts afforded them by 
the fortunate situation of this city, its commercial prosperity, 
and the wise laws of the municipality by which it is gov- 
erned." They should render thanks that " their lot has been 
cast in such a city, whose inhabitants have witnessed in the 
past the most interesting events of Catholic history in this 
country, whose Cathedral may be justly called the mother of 
all the episcopal sees within the bounds of the United States." 
He therefore directed that a Te Deum be sung in all the 
churches after vespers on Sunday, October 17. 

Headquarters for visiting members of the press were 
secured at Barnum's Hotel and a Press Committee was ap- 
pointed, whose duty it was to see that all duly accredited 
journalists should be properly cared for. The committee 
was as follows : 

Baltimore Sun— A. S. Abell, chairman ; John T. Crow, G. W. 
Abell, N. E. Foard; American— C. C. Fulton, Felix Agnus, 
Wm. B. Hazelton, W. B. Clarke; Gazette— W. II. Welsh, C. F. 
Meany, Wm. H. Cole ; Correspondent— Frederick Baine, Ed- 



46 MEMORIAL VOLUMK. 

ward J^eyli, Frederick roliliiieyer; Herald — L. P. D. Newman, 
James T. Matthews, Joel Miller, T. W. Smith ; Associated 
Press — C. J. Fox; News — James U. Brewer, E. V. Hermauge, 
W. P. Meauy; Baltimoreau — A. F. Crutchfield; Telegram — J. 
T. Iviiiggold; Every Saturday — C. M. Caugliy ; Church News 
— Kev. Campbell Fair; Episcopal Methodist — Rev. Dr. Sam- 
uel K. Cox; Jom-ual of Commerce — George U. Porter; Wecker 
— Wm. Schnauffer ; Underwriter — Charles C. Bombaugh ; Cath- 
olic Mirror — John B. IMet; Yolks Freund— S. Junger; German 
Catholic People's Gazette — Mr. Kreuzer ; American Farmer — 
Samuel Sands; Eiiiscoi^al Register — George Lycett; Live Stock 
and Poultry Bulletin — Clinton S. Birch ; Maryland Journal, 
Towsontown — Wm. H. Ruby; ^A'oodberry News — Frank L. 
Morling; Baltimore County Herald, W. F. Mitchell; Balti- 
more County Union — H. C. Longnecker; Law Record — Wm. 
Allen Mitchener; Jledical Journal — Dr. Thomas A. Asliby; In- 
dependent Practitioner — Harvey L. Byrd; ISIaryland Farmer — 
Ezra Whitman; Politician — W. ISI. Connolly; Law Record — 
Robt. H. Hooper; The Tutor— Robt. C. Beer; The Mirror— 
Dr. John C. King; People's Voice, B. H. Scott; Lidependent 
Methodist — Rev. C. M. Giffin ; Baltimore IVIethodist — Rev. D. 
H. Carroll; Methodist Protestant, W. J. C. Dulany. 

Mr. A. S. Abell, chairman of the committee, appointed the 
following sub-committees to receive and entertain visiting 
journalists: Monday, October 11th, L. P. D. Newman, Rev. 
Samuel K. Cox, Charles M. Caughy ; Tuesday, A. S. Abell, F. 
Raine, C. J. Fox ; Wednesday, C. C. Fulton, Rev. Campbell 
Fair, A. F. Crutchfield ; Thursday, W. H. Welch, W. J. Gill, 
George U. Porter; Friday, E. V. Hermange, J. T. Ringgold, 
\y. M. Schuaiiifer; Saturday, Samuel Sauds, C. C. Bombaugh, 
J. B. Piet. 



CHAPTER THIRD. 

The Decorations of the City. 

IT would require the pencil of a Hogartli and the pen of a 
Macaulay to mark the difference in Baltimore between 
the last week in July, 1880, when scarcely any one supposed 
that the Sesqui-Centennial Celebration would come to any- 
thing at all, and the last week in September and the fii-st in 
October, when every citizen was feverishly anxious lest he 
should not be doing enough, lest his neighbor should outstrip 
him in endeavors to do honor to the city's anniversary. 
There never was such an awakening — certainly not in the 
community of Baltimore at any time in its history. The 
unaccountable, and, it may be added, unwarrantable apathy 
of the public was swiftly succeeded by an ecpially unaccount- 
able activity and restlessness. Tlie poet says truly that all 
precious things, discovered late, "to those that seek tliem 
issue forth." Baltimore seemed suddenly to realize how 
precious and notable its past Avas and that to do it honor was 
to honor the present ; not to honor it was to prove unworthi- 
ness. The awakening was as startling as that in the palace 
of the Sleeping Beauty when the fateful kiss was at last ven- 
tured upon. " The charm was snapt," 

" And all the long-pent stream of life 
Dashed downward in a cataract." 

Nothing in the way of hint and suggestion, of quaint remi- 
niscence and extravagant anticipation, was spared to the 
different committees. Individuality ran riot and invention 
put on its contriving cap. There were hundreds of valuable 
suggestions made to the committee and to the press, along 
with thousands of imijossible and bizarre recommendations. 
These things were often full of comedy and farce, but anyhow 
they showed that the heart of the community was in the cel- 
ebration. Old relics of every sort were hunted out and fur- 



48 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

bi><lie(l up; old letters re-read; old liistories thumbed anew, 
and finally tlie (quaint .spectacle was witnessed of a business 
community of 330,000 souls totally absorbed in the study of 
decorative art. How to embellish Baltimore for its anniver- 
sary became for more weeks than one the study of the whole 
commimity, to the neglect often of more important business, 
and it can be said without exaggeration that the result was a 
city more fully and beautifully decorated than was ever 
before seen on the American Continent. 

Consecutive narrative, systematic description, formal pur- 
suit of names, dates, banners and blazonings would be worse 
than useless in the attempt to give some idea of the decora- 
tions of the city. The only way in which a successful repro- 
duction of the impressions of form and color could be reached 
would 1)e by surrendering the pen to spontaneous recollection, 
letting the most pleasing memories direct it whither they 
will. Some injustice will necessarily be done in this way, 
but how else can a Memorial Volume be expected to find and 
follow the clue to a beAvildering labyrinth, the nakedest 
description of which would require volumes in itself? It is 
not magnifying the task to say that the ensuing pages of this 
book could easily be filled with a simple plain description of 
the way in which our city was decorated for its great anni- 
versary. Of a total of eighty thousand houses within tlie 
limits of direct taxation, at least forty thousand were more 
or less adorned. Of the dwellings, fully tlrirty per cent, were 
decorated, as were all the business houses in every part of 
the city. It has been estimated that, in addition to the 
appropriations and contributions for the public di.-play, 
which exceeded ^30,000, more tlian a rpiarter of a million 
of dollars was spent by individual citizens and their families 
in decorating and illuminating houses and streets. 

This was the form and the manner in which the sentiment 
and impulse of the community found their fullest aiul freest 
expression. Th(» patriotic feeling bui-st forth, blushed and 
effloresced in nnivm'sal badge, in gala hanging and in waving 
flag. People wrought their love for IJiiltimore in festoons, 
whicli they stretched athwart the publi(^ ways. They quar- 
tered tlie arms and the culoi-s i)f llie State niid llie city njion 



MEMORLVL VOLUME. 49 

tlieir houses and tlieir bosoms in token of tlieir indefeasible 
loyalty and warm affection. Some of tlie business liouses 
began to decorate many days before the date of the celebra- 
tion, and, by Sunday morning, October 10th, the city Avas 
fairly aflame with color, many of the leading thoroughfares 
resembling aisles in some magnificent International Exhibi- 
tion, some bazar or fair where the wonders and the fabrics of 
all the world are assembled in lavish profusion, to be grouped 
and displayed with consummate artistic skill and the perfec- 
tion of scenic arrangement. 

The principle of the decorations followed was as unique as 
the profuseness and richness of the materials employed. Tlie 
public were solicitous to do things not simply well, but better 
than they had been done elsewhere, and the number of inqui- 
ries on the subject was endless. A fear existed in the minds 
of some that an endless replication of the national flag, the 
national colors, the red, white and blue, would produce a 
monotonous sameness and tawdriness of effect, and the com- 
munity was advised that Baltimore could not bo effectively 
embellished in that way, the deep blue sky, white cornices 
and red brick houses and pavements already monopolizing 
these tints. It was suggested that the best sort of contrast 
would be produced by a liberal use of the colors of the Cal- 
vert family and of Lord Baltimore, the Oriole orange and 
velvety black. The suggestion was eagerly and enthusiastic- 
ally taken up by the community, until Rhode Island calico- 
printers were simply amazed at the prodigious sudden de- 
mand upon them for black and yellow bmitings. ^Maryland 
and Baltimore and Sesqui-Centemiial flags, with the national 
flags, were produced and sold by millions. These, with ever- 
greens in great abundance, transparencies, wi'eaths, Chinese 
lanterns and balloons, combined to give a iieculiar character 
and an individuality of beauty to the decorations of Balti- 
more which every stranger and visitor commented upon with 
delight. 

In truth, the great success of the decorations of Baltimore, 
their exquisite taste and consummate beauty grew out of the 
fact that the directing impulse which selected them came 
from the heart. Genial old Cieorgio Vasari relates that when 



50 MEMOHI.VL VOMME. 

Cimabue, the Florentine artist, liad completed liis greatest 
work, it was an object of so much admiration, "they having 
never seen anything better," that it was carried in solemn pro- 
cession, with the sound of trumjiets and other festal demon- 
slrations, from the house of Cimabue to the church, he him- 
self being highly rewarded and honored for it. All the men 
and women of Florence liastened in great crowds to inspect 
it, making all possible demonstrations of delight, and, adds 
the hearty chronicler, " the inhabitants of the neighborhood, 
rejoicing in this oc-currence, ever afterwards called that place 
Borgo Allegri ; and this name it has ever since retained." So 
with the decorations for Baltimore's anniversary — they owed 
their charm and perfection to love more than business, or 
experience or routine. They sprang into being out of the 
occasion and the public's sense of its value. There was from 
the first a rivalry in embellishment as to whose work should 
be the most perfect and contribute the worthiest frame to 
tlie coining picture of Baltimore's past and present, the vivid 
panorania of its industries and its progress, its institutions 
and its life. As was said at the time, in one of the journals, 
it was an occasion when the artisan ought to feel himself an 
artist — "when the city is no longer a dull machine, lumber- 
ing along on bureaucratic springs, a place where tax-bills, 
water-rent and gas-bills must be paid, but a real city, which 
we love because our hands built it, because it has won our 

pride and is jiart of oiu' renown It is a living and 

beloved object, therefore, not an abstract idea, not a mere 
congeries of bricks and mortar, Avood and stone, which Ave 
are to decorate, and we want oiu* Baltimore to be adorned 
like a bride to greet the ceremony done in her honor." This 
was the spirit and the temper of the people from which such 
great results were evolved. 

The ^larylaiul colors, intermingled with those of the 
national flag, imparted throughout a charming variety to the 
decorations, while materially enhancing their richness. This 
variety, this unique effect, was supplemented by the sutnp- 
tuous designs appearing on every side. There was nothing 
tawdry ncn* commonplace. Even tlie plainest and simplest 
decorations had the dignity of sjnnbolism and the reserves 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 51 

and the contours of good taste. Every thing had the charm 
of perfect sincerity about it, and cost never seemed to be 
counted Avhere an ett'ect could be secured, nor was poverty in 
the decorator reflected by niggardliness in the design. The 
orange and black not only harmonized delightfully with the 
colors that supported and relieved them, but they also lent a 
peculiar softness and richness to interiors, whether by day- 
light or by gaslight. 

What pleased, while it surprised every beholder was the 
universality of the decorations. It was to be expected that 
the leading thoroughfares and the streets along which the 
processions were to pass, the public places, monuments and 
business houses, would be decked forth. But the humblest 
houses in the most remote and retired streets were equally 
adorned. One could not look down an alley but long lines of 
flags were seen waving from the houses, and everywhere it 
was discovered that a part of the week's hard-earned wages 
had been devoted to the purchase of flags, Maryland colors, 
lanterns and evergreens. Every little stoi-e and shop and 
saloon in the city was more or less emblazoned. There were 
probably eight or ten miles of streets along which the deco- 
rations were continuous and scarcely a single front unembel- 
lished, and in addition to these very nearly one-fourth the 
houses on streets off the line of procession were more or less 
elaborately adorned, some of them only wearing the national 
and Maryland colors, others with their windows and interiors 
gayly hung, while still others " striped like a zebra, spotted 
like the pard, " in zealous emulation of the more public 
streets and business houses. In many cases neighbors com- 
bined, and stretched lines across the streets and hung their 
decorations and flags on them. The colors were displayed in 
the greatest variety of forms and designs — wreaths, rosettes, 
festoons, hangings, lambrequins, curtains, inside and out. 

The palm was generally conceded to Baltimore street for the 
extent and wealth of its gala adornment. This thoroughfare, 
from one end to the other, a distance of several miles, was 
continuously decorated. Pratt street, from Fremont to Gay 
street, and Gay street, from one end to the other, Charles 
street, Hanover street. Sharp street, Howard and Eutaw streets, 



52 MEMORIAL VOLOIE. 

Lexinj^ton street, autl various other of the principal business 
streets, made notable displays. On Ikiltiniore street, however, 
tlie richness and variety of decoration culminated in a mass 
oi color, of lluttering, wavinj^ banners and flags, with arches 
and transijarencies, evergreens and streamers, combining to 
form a vista such as has seldom been witnessed. From Fre- 
mont or Poppleton in the west, to Broadway on the east, this 
scene was sustained thi'oughout with a conii)leteness and con- 
tinuity of effect perfectly wonderful ; and from either of these 
extreme points the eye could look west or east over decoi-a- 
tions beyond them. The bmiting used is not to be reckoned 
by yards, as it is a positive fact that of the black and yellow 
alone fully 250 miles were consumed. Thousands of hands 
worked night and day to bring them into shape. There were 
also many and elaborate works done with paint and brush, 
with color and gilt and enamel. Arch succeeded arch, each 
vaiying in design, each rivalling the other in richness, and all 
illuminating the occasion which called them forth. Upon 
this part of the city the most costly embellishments were 
bestowed, and the scale of the decorations was truly grand. 
Some store fronts in this part of the city almost realized an 
artist's dream. They were deftly contrived by artistic uphol- 
sterers and artists in tlie decorative branches, and wrouglit out 
with an infinite iiainstaking care which had their reward in 
the results produced and in the impression made upon the 
spectators, who could not get their fill of gazing. 

Uoth Satm-day and Sunday preceding the eventful Monday 
which was to inaugurate the amiiversary celebration were soft 
and balmy; the sun was warm, the air glowed with languorous 
brilliancy, and after night an autumn haze wrapped the dim 
emblazonings in a mystic charm that was most effective. 
Then the lamps were lighted, the transparencies came out in 
vivid relief, the illumination began, and hmidi-eds of brilliant 
windows poured the soft blended glamour of their rich hues 
upon the eagerly gazing tlu-ongs. A scene almost of enchant- 
ment ensued, and it was not easy to close one's eyes and open 
them again with the consciousness of being in Baltimore 
ratli(>r than in Aladdin's palace or the garden of llaroun 
Alraschid. Here and there flashed the piercing beam of the 



MEMOKIAL VOIA'ME. 53 

electric light, casting sliadows deep as suuliglit; here was a 
tlieatre glowing in the claret-colored radiance of a glass chan- 
delier like a great bunch of ripe currants ; there an arch shone 
like marble in the glare of gaslight. Building after building 
showed its entire front ablaze with profuse illuminations, gas- 
burner linked to burner, colored lami) by colored lamp, and 
endless festoons of gaudy Chinese lanterns, each casting its 
soft ray. File after file of carriages poured in endless proces- 
sion, each with its group of merry faces like wedding guests. 
The tops of omnibuses and the platforms and windows of 
street cars were laden with men cheering each conspicuous 
decoration, all hapi^y, enthusiastic, patriotic. The streets 
themselves were packed with tlu'ongs, thi'ough which the 
vehicles could scarcely make their Avay. It was indeed an 
imposing and exhilarating scene — such a scene as Baltimore 
certainly never witnessed before. 

On Saturday night tlie whole area of liexington market was 
a spectacle of rare and exquisite brilliancy. Here were to be 
seen, epitomized in the space of its several squares, all the 
best and richest effects of decoration, all the charms of color 
and design, set forth to catch the spectator's eye under an illu- 
mination bright as day. Hanover-street, Cross-street, Centre 
and Point, as well as Belair, Richmond, Hollins-street and 
Lafayette markets, were also profusely decorated. For once 
people came to market to see rather than to buy, and the 
hucksters and butchers were so proud of their rich and gaudy 
bazar that they were quite willing to stand by witli smiling 
faces and let spectators look their fill. 

In the opinion of many but one night scene surpassed the 
brilliancy of Lexington market, and that was to be had looking 
down Baltimore street from Eutaw. Here, through the vista 
of the arches, the avenue stretched in the glow of waving 
color, in the blaze and glory of the illumination, in the multi- 
tudinous tinting of orange and vermillion, gilt and silver, like 
the realization of one of those " transformation scenes " Avhich 
now and then are given upon the stage. It was indeed a 
magic effect of blazonry and color, of crystal gleam and corus^ 
eating light, to which the drooping motion of banners and the 
ceaseless energy and vivacity of the crowd lent grace and life 



54 MEMOIMAI. VDIA'ME. 

aufl action. Sucla scenes are too .seldom seen not to impress 
tliemselves vividly upon the memory, bnt in Kiltimore they 
were repeated with increasing effect during every night of the 
anniversary week. 

It is hardly an exaggeration to say that Snnday was wholly 
given np to the anniversary and the thoughts suggested by 
that event. In the churches it was the nearly universal theme 
of all the puliiits, without respect to creed. Never before in 
the historj^ of the city can it be remembered when the streets 
were so thronged with people and equipages on the Lord's 
Day as on this occasion. The tide of population poured out 
into the thoroughfares early in the morning, and the current 
swelled every hour, culminating in the afternoon, when, on 
Baltimore street, the sidewalks were blocked by dense and 
steadily moving columns of people, and both sides of the car 
tracks were crowded with vehicles proceeding at a snail's pace 
from Poppleton street to Broadway. To say that eighty thou- 
sand people were on Baltimore street Avould hardly give an 
idea of the vast multitude of well-dressed men, women and 
children who were out enjoying the charming weather and 
the beautiful scene presented by the decorations. At night 
again there was a repetition in part of the brilliancy of the 
previous evening, and electric lights displayed at various 
lioints shed the lustre of day on all surrounding objects. 

To consider the details of these decorations is to essay a 
labyrinth, to enter a wilderness almost pathless. Yet some- 
thing must be said of the more conspicuous and prominent 
features of the great display. The quadrangular arch at the 
corner of Baltimore and Howard streets would naturally have 
first caught the spectator's eye from its size and the com- 
manding iiosition it occupied. This arch cost §1,500. The 
subscribers who erected it were the following firms : Daniel 
Miller S: Co., Darby it Co., Robert Garrett it Sons, Prior A 
Hilgenberg, Young, Kimmell it Diggs, John A. Horner ifc Co., 
Hogge it Koch, W. J. C. Dulany it Co., Carroll, .\dams it Co., 
AVilliam Devries it Co., Stevenson & SlinglufF, Bruff, Faulkner 
it Co., Phillips Bros, it Co., Faust it Hohman, J. Whitehill & 
Co., Penniman it Bro., Frank it Ilammerslough, T. A. Bryan 
it Co D, F. Ilaynes it Co., C.eorge B. CofFroth it Co., Slingluff 



MEMOniAL VOLOIE. 55 

& Co., Day, Jones & Co., J. Leopold & Co., Henry W. Rogers, 
Heniy Rieman & Sons, H. G. Fledderman, B. F. Beimett. 

This arch fronted thirty-five feet on Baltimore street and 
forty-five feet on Howard street, its height being thirty feet 
to the ceiling of the arch, with thirty feet more to the top of 
the flagstaff. It was handsomely and artistically decorated 
with scroll work and paneling, the national colors being 
alternated with the orange and black of Maryland. The 
names of the merchants who erected it were inscribed on 
fovir large banners, facing each approach. The mottoes in- 
scribed on this ornate arch, which was illuminated at night 
with electric and calcium lights, were selected from signifi- 
cant words of i^rominent Baltimoreans. On the north side : 
"Our Flag was Still There." — Francis Scott Key. "What 
Hath God Wrought ! " — first telegraphic message from Balti- 
more to Washington. South side : " I Never Received from 
the Citizens of Baltimore Anything but Kindness, Hospitality 
and Consideration." — George Peabody. East side: "Every 
Mountain sent its Rills, every Valley its Stream, and lo! 
the Avalanche of the People is Here." — J. V. L. McMahon. 
W'est side : " Industry the Means, Plenty the Result." — Lord 
Baltimore's motto. "The Best of Prophets for the Future 
is the Past." — D. C. Gilman. "George Peabody, 1815-1805; 
Johns Hopkins, 1812-1873." 

The arch erected by the Shoe and Leather Board of Trade, 
on Baltimore street near Sharj) street, was very beautiful and 
attracted great attention. It commemorated the progress of 
the shoe and leather trade from 1730 to 1880, signalizing the 
advancement with appropriate emblematic designs and mot- 
toes. This arch, with a span of thirty-nine feet, was con- 
verted at night into a mass of liquid light by means of chords 
of gas jets with innumerable burners, and its graceful lines 
and vivid illuminating effects won constant admiration for it. 
It was built upon the order of the Shoe and Leather Board of 
Trade, Henry C. Smith, President, the building committee 
being INIessrs. T. J. IMagruder, Thomas Deford, H. C. Larrabee, 
Charles Heiser and J. Ross Diggs. 

Another handsome arch was erected by nieniiants at the 
intersection of German street with Sliarp street. A fine vista 



5G .AIK.MORIAL VOLUME. 

of approach to this arch, botli from Lombard and Baltimore 
streets, was contrived by means of strings and festoons of 
flags woven from house to liouse across the street. The arch 
formed a fitting gateway for this vestibule. It .spanned thirty 
feet, rose fifty feet in the air and was decorated with the 
State and national colors in a chequered pattern, with a])pro- 
priate emblems. 

Tliere was an arch spanning Pratt street near Light, from 
the Maltby House across to Jas. D. Mason tt Co.'s warehouse. 
Tliis was thirty-two feet high and forty-two feet wide, with 
elaborate decorations, masses of blended color, speai'-heads 
and trumpets, stars and columns. The arch rested upon the 
site of the old Baltimore and Ohio depot, whence Morse's 
experimental telegraph line started. The hardware firms of 
8outli Charles street erected an arch and stand across that 
street where it ijitersects Ualtimore street, the object being to 
put up an ornamental gallery for the use of the families of 
those wlio built it. This decorated gallery harmonized very 
well with the general ornamentation of the street, and 
afforded seats and a view of all that was passing, to two 
hundred persons. Its decorations were liorseshoe medallions 
and the flags of various nationalities. 

At the intei"section of Park and Lexington streets a double 
arch M'as thrown over the streets. Pillars four feet square 
were built on each street comer, terminating in pyramidal 
points. From these pillars, half way up, started arches, cros- 
sing each other over the centre of the intersecting streets. 
The pillars were triimiied witli black and orange, and from 
each pyramid floated an American flag and an orange and 
black burgee. Stai"s, shields and rosettes of various hues dec- 
orated the sides of the pillars, which rose to a height of 
twenty-five feet. The arch was trimmed with broad bands of 
oi-iinge and black, wliite, with oi-ange and black drapery and 
festooned flags. Depending fi-om the centre of tlie arch was a 
Tkiltimore oriole of large size. Th(> whole was illuminated 
with Chinese lanterns. 

'I'lie finMucMi of Engine Comjiany Xo. 7, on Eutaw street, at 
tlic jmictioii with Druid Hill avenue, erected a handsome arch, 
over the key-stone of which was a representation of the I^ittle 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. •>/ 

monument. On top of tlie abutments were figures represent- 
in^ the firemen of the old and the new systems. The arch 
w^s twenty-eitrht feet high in the clear, with forty-two feet 
span The abutments were twenty-two feet high and three 
feet square, covered with wreaths and shields. Ninety gas 
jets in colored shades, and sixty Chinese lanterns illuminated 
the 'structure at night. There was also a large gas-burnmg 
chandelier hanging from the centre of the arch, while flags m- 
numerable were festooned or fluttered among the other orna- 
ments of the structure. 

A handsome arch also spanned North Charles street, near 
Barnet street, between the establishments of Hiss & Co. and 
Myers & Hedian. This arch was twenty-eight feet from 
ground to top of bend of arch, and twenty-five feet in the 
clear The pillars were four feet square, trimmed with omnge, 
black and red, and festooned and twined with American fiags. 
The structure was a bouquet of rich and artistic colors, black 
and shades of orange and red predominating. Stripes of 
orange black and red ran up the pillars, and over the centre 
was a Baltimore shield, with coat of arms and shields on 
other parts of the bend. Maryland colors graced the centre 
and extreme ends of the arch, while numberless small Ameri- 
can flags depended from it in a tasteful manner. The con- 
cavity of the arch was filled with evergreens, loose bands of 
black and orange colors and Chinese lanterns. A little fur- 
ther on the Knights Templar built several arches, emblazoned 
with crosses and other insignia of their order, in front of the 
Masonic Temple entrances, which were illuminated at night 
as transparencies, making a handsome display. 

One of the finest arches, and probably the widest .span in 
the city, was at Broadway and East Baltimore street, extend- 
ino- from the southeast corner of the Broadway reservations to 
the southwest corner of Baltimore street, so that it presented 
equally good views on both streets. The arch was thirty feet 
high, resting on pillars extending considerably above the 
ends 'of the arch. The arch was covered with black above and 
yellow beneath, and the sides with red, white and blue colors. 
The ornamentation was very fine, an eagle being over the 
centre and shields of Maryland, the United States and other 



58 MKMOUIAL VOLUME. 

emblems placed on tlie sides. The pillars \rere covered with 
United States colors to the ends of the arch, and above with 
black and yellow. Over the centre, gas jets formed the figures 
100; over the riglit pillar, the figures 17;>(), and over the left 
1880. Numerous flags of all kinds were also placed on the 
arch, the whole having a very fine effect. 

An arch at ICast Baltimore and Washington stro(>ts was also 
beautifully decorated with Maryland and Ujiited States colors. 
A large national flag waved over the centre of the span, and 
each side of the arch was hung with colored di-apery arranged 
in festoon.s. All the arches and various other special decora- 
tions were photographed by those interested in these works, 
to preserve as mementoes. 

At the intersection of Ploward, Liberty and liOmbard streets, 
one of the business thoroughfares of Baltimore, was reared a 
fac simile of the obelisk known as Cleopatra's needle, recently 
brought from Egj'pt to New York, to which city it was pre- 
sented by Ismail Pasha, late Khedive of Egypt. The fac 
simile, with hierogljidis all accurately pictured forth, was 
erected by ijrominent merchants on Lombard and Howard 
streets, and the idea of its erection is creditable to its origi- 
nator. It cost a round sum ; it was one of the marked features 
of the celebi-ation, and attracted throughout its construction 
large and interested crowds. It was constructed of wood, 
covered with canvas. The canvas was painted the exact 
color of the stone obelisk, and the original hieroglyphics 
faithfully copied in size and configuration. The height of the 
structure was eiglity feet; seven feet foui' inches square at its 
base, tapering to three and one-half feet at its apex. It was 
mounted on four separate blocks aggregating tliirteen feet in 
height. The first base was six feet eleven inches high, nine 
feet square; second base, four feet high, twelve feet square; 
third base, two feet high, sixteen feet square; fom-th base, one 
foot high and sixteen feet square. A rope twenty-six feet 
was stretched around it, decorated with Baltimore, Maryland 
and national colors. It was illuminated every night with 
Egjqitian fire. Special policemen, day and night, were de- 
tailed to keej) the ])(>ople from chipping off relics. Thousands 
of pieces of the canvas remnants were given away by the 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 59 

Avorkiiien and in some cases sold. The police and workmen 
Avere worried almost to exliaustion by the pertinacity of 
seekers after information regarding the strange monument. 

The illustrations which accompany this volume are meant 
to give a better idea of these various objects than can possi- 
bly be presented by any collocation of words. No words can 
make a picture or give the graphic sense of form which is 
needed in such cases. It is greatly to be regretted that even 
these illustrations, accurate and spirited as they are, can con- 
vey no notion of the bewildering wealth and dazzling har- 
mony of color which contributed so much to the effect of the 
whole entrancing spectacle. 

All the public buildings of the city, including the City 
Hall, engine houses, school houses, market houses, postoffice, 
custom house, court houses,* police stations and the monu- 
ments, as well as all the public squares and reservations, 
were more or less decorated, some of them elaborately orna- 
mented. First of all, as the centre of operations, and the 
headquarters of the Mayor and Executive Committees, should 
be mentioned the City Hall, the front of Avhich on Hollidcay 
street was tastefully decorated with bunting, and a grand 
stand capable of holding several hundred people was built 
out from the porch to the cui'bstone. It Avas on this stand 
that the Mayor, Gen. F. C. Latrobe, stood and reviewed all 
the various processions of the anniversary Aveek as they 
passed by saluting his Honor. 

By direction of Collector John L. Thomas, Jr., custodian of 
public buildings, the custom house, postofBce, public store- 
house and United States court house were plentifully be- 
decked with bunting, flags, Ac. The custom house displayed, 
besides the American national flag and revenue flags, thirty- 
seven flags of different nations, signal flags, stringers of stars 
and stripes. Union jacks, lighthouse flags, all inter.spersed 
witli orange and black, red, white and blue and fields of stars. 
On the Second street side the American colors were conjoined, 
with fine engravings of Lincoln, Grant, Hayes and Sherman. 
The dome was decorated in a neat manner, the orange and 
black, and red, white and blue showing to advantage at that 
great height. At the United States court house the bases of 



60 MEMORIAL YOLOIE. 

the second and third stories were trimmed with fohls of black 
and oKinj,a', to which the stars and stripes and national ensigns 
lent a good effect. 

In decorating the Marj-land Institute, which for the tliird of 
a century has held a place of the fii-st importance in the com- 
munity as a centre of industrial development, the designs were 
in keeping with the character of the institution. Over the 
doorway on Baltimore street was a double life-size bust of 
Lord Baltimore, by J. II. D. Henning, a young Baltimore 
sculptor and a teacher in the Institute School of Design. On 
the right side of the front a workman's arm tyiiified the 
mechanical designs of the Institute, and opposite, on the left, 
a picture of Minerva represented the fuie arts. A large shield 
in the centre, bearing the coat-of-arms of Maryland, was sur- 
momited by the word "^^'elcome" and a large eagle. Black 
and gold, red, white and blue, ^Vmerican flags, streamei-s, 
wreaths, hung from the clock tower, the windows and other 
points, and in fact, were displayed all over the building. 

On Xorth Howard street above Franklin street, a cluster of 
public buildings of Ih'st imi)ortance in the community was 
conspicuous for the tastefulness of their ornamentation. 
These buildings, adjoiniiig each other, comprise the swim- 
ming school, the Academy of ]\Iusic, Baltimore City College, 
and Johns llojikins University. Flags and other decorations, 
inscriptions, emblazonry, arms and other devices, created a 
succession of surprises for the spectator. In the beautiful 
grounds of the Hopkins institution, Avhere the grass is always 
green and flower-beds bloom with rare i>lants, arches were 
erected over the garden walks, on which were inscribed the 
names of three of the greatest of modern benefactoi's of 
science, "Peabody, Johns Hopkins and Smithson;" and the 
mottoes " Veritas Vos Liberabit;" "Let Knowledge Grow from 
More to More." 

AVhile all of the many public school buildings belonging to 
the city were decorated, none displayed any especial features. 
The female high schools, the large grammar schools and the 
Baltimore-street Englisli-German school Avere most conspicu- 
ous. 'l'lu> State Normal Scliool, corner of Townsend street and 
Carrollton avemie. Prof. M. A. Newell, principal, was liand- 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 61 

somely decorated. From every point in the iron work wliicli 
covers tlie roof and cornice, flags were flying. Over the front 
door, on an orange field in black letters, was the name of the 
school, and the whole was bordered by the national colore, 
making a pleasant contrast. In front, over the large bow win- 
dow, was a handsome painting of the coat-of-arms of I\Iary- 
land, surmounted by Baltimore colors, with large American 
flags on either side. The tower was also appropriately trimmed 
with flags and streamers of the popular colors. 

The Grand Opera House of Mr. John T. Ford, on Fayette 
street, near Eutaw street, was profusely decorated with bunt- 
ing from top to bottom. A shield and the name "Ford's" 
were displayed at night in brilliant red lights. In addition to 
the colors of Maryland and the Union, Mr. Ford employed 
very successfully in the ornamentation of the theatre, trailing 
Spanish moss brought from the cypress swamps of the South, 
and cotton balls from the same section. Holliday Street 
Theatre had, among other decorations, the coat-of-arms of Bal- 
timore and the portraits of dramatists, composers and actors. 
The front of ]Monumental Theatre, at the bridge on Baltimore 
street, was covered with gas jets in colored shades. Old Front 
Street Theatre was handsomely trimmed Avith evergi-eens and 
flags. Concordia Opera House, on South Eutaw street, was 
covered with bunting. 

The various leading hotels, which naturally had a lively 
material interest in a festival that filled them with guests 
from cellar to garret, vied with one another in the elaboi-ate- 
ness of their ornamentation. The balconies at Barnum's, 
where the headquarters of the visiting newspaper folks had 
been established, fluttered with bunting and flags; shields 
held every coign of vantage, and the whole place beamed 
" welcome." Guy's, Pepper's, Rennert's, the IMaltby, the Man- 
sion House, were all elaborately decked forth, ea(;h house 
having some distinctive feature in its ornamentation that in- 
dividualized it from the rest. The Carrollton bore an immense 
painting of the coat-of-arms of Charles Carroll of Carrollton; 
the iNIaltby hung its verandahs with portraits of Continental 
soldiers, with a Goddess of Liberty to mount guard over them ; 
the Eutaw, besides most elaborate decorations in every jiart. 



62 ME.MUKLVL VOL I' .ME. 

liucl a group of .statuaiy over the main entrance — the statue 
of Johns Hopkins, flanked by a bust of Xatlian R. Smith on 
the riirht and one of Roger B. Taney on the left. 

The residence of the Catholic Archbishop of Baltimore, on 
Xortli Charles street, was literally covered with graceful and 
artistic decorations, a combination of the colors of the Union 
and of Maryland. The chm-ch and seminary of the Snlpicians, 
on North Raca street, was most elaborately decorated through- 
out its vast extent, flags and streamers waving high above the 
lordly trees that stand everywhere in its grounds. Many 
otlii-r churclies of various faiths were decorated. 

Of tlie fire engine houses, of which there are thirteen, it 
would be almost invidious to specify any particularly, where 
all were so handsomely decorated. It should be mentioned, 
however, that No. 2 Engine House, on Barre street. South Bal- 
timore, kei)t alive the memories of the i)ast and the old volun- 
teer system, by displaying a printed copy of the " Articles for 
the Govermneut of the Commercial Fire Company of Balti- 
more, January 1st, 1792." One of the articles specifies that 
each member of the company shall keep his "bucket" hanging 
in his residence near his front door. Of the sixty names ap- 
pended to the articles only two of them boast of "middle 
names" or initials — Otho H. "Williams and Andrew S. Ennalls. 
Among the other names were Tliomas Hollingsworth, Andrew 
Buchanan, Archibald Campbell, Robert McKim, John Merry- 
man and Robert Gilmor. For decorating the station houses 
the policemen contributed generously, and their work in 
,several cases, especially in Northwest and South Baltimore, 
was veiy fine. Of the public squares and reservations I'rank- 
lin Square had elaboiutely decorated arches at each of the 
four comei-s and midway between each with central ornamen- 
tation about the pagoda. Of ten thousand dollars appropri- 
ated l)y the city towards the proper ornamentation of city 
buildings, ttc, distribution of the fund was made as follows: 

City Hall, §2,200; Washington ^[onument, §2-')(); Battle Mon- 
ument, §200; Wells and McComas, §150; squares — Harlem, 
§2oO; X^nion, §12o; Lafayette, §12r,; Perkins, §12.5; Franklin, 
§12"); Riverside and Federal, §500; Eastern Fountain, §12-5; 
Madison, §150; Patterson Park, §300; Eutaw Place, §250; 



MEMORLVL VOLUME. 63 

Broadway, $250; Greene and Lombard streets, $50— total, 
$5,175. 

"Wasliington Monument was strikingly decorated, cables 
being carried across from the summit of the shaft to the four 
adjoining corners of jNIount Yernon Place, each cable beino- 
strung its whole length with flags. The entrances had each a 
State coat-of-arms over them ; the pediment and capital of the 
shaft were made luminous with starry gas jets, and at night, 
from each the great salvers at the base, a stream of red iiitchy 
flame was poured forth, their flickering bringing out the ex- 
quisite proportions of the gigantic shaft in wierd, uncertain, 
beautiful relief. The Battle Jlonument, with no ornaments 
but gas jets studded around its most expressive lines, was at 
night a spectacle of glory for all. The Wells and McComas 
Monument, at the intersection of Aisquith and Gay streets, 
was overarched with decorations and di-aperies, flag, shield, 
lantern and bunting, in tasteful coml)ination. 

To undertake to mention all the business houses which put 
on the black and orange and the more vivid colors of the 
national flag would be simply a republication of the city 
directory. To enumerate even those whose decorations were 
conspicuous would fill a good-sized volume. Certainly it 
would demand more space than is allowed us here, and indeed 
there is no need to do more than to select one or two objects 
of comment from, the mass of elegant display. It was a great 
feature of many business house decorations, that temporary 
balconies, to be used for seeing the processions of the week, 
were so beautifully draped with colors that they proved to be 
most beautiful ornaments, especially when filled with ladies. 
These temporary balconies, hung with rich cloths and covered 
with di-apery, were as beautiful as proscenium boxes in a 
theatre. In ornamenting the Noah "Walker building, the dec- 
orative artist, Mr. George A. Gardner, surrounded Washing- 
ton's statue on the front of the house with a field of blue satin 
spangled with silver stars, the whole bordered with black and 
orange, and illuminated at night with calcium lights. The 
fronts of Hurst, Purnell & Co. and Armstrong, Cator & Co. 
were so covered with gas jets that at night, when lighted, the 
buildings seemed to be on fire and blazing at every window. 



64 MKMOIUAL VOLUME. 

Soutli lialtiiiiore was conspicuous for its general decoration 
of dwelling, as well as business houses. In Teach alley, Plum 
alley and other humble localities, which are inhabited by 
workers in oyster and fruit-packing houses and fertilizer 
establishments, the denizens seemed to be filled with a desire 
to manifest a commendable pride in the growth and glory of 
Pjjxltimore. Many of these people are colored, were born and 
reared in the city. The dwellings scattered along the line of 
Fort avenue as far down as the lead works, as well as the 
homes of the workmen on Locust Point, hung out banners and 
gave other tokens of joining in the general joy. Many hard- 
working }nen, and hundreds of laborious mothers and sons 
and daughters, who count their market money by nickels and 
by coppers, made sacrifices on Saturday night, in order that 
their love of the good old city might find expression in a few 
flags and banners. 

In iShakspeare street. East Baltimore, near Broadway, where 
AVm. Fell's remains are buried, the spot was marked by a 
suitable inscription and decoi-ated with emblematic devices. 

No feature of all connected with the decorations of the city, 
public and private, was more satisfactoiy than the lionesty 
and sincerity of purpose which characterized them, the loy- 
alty to the plan of doing as much honor to Baltimore as could 
be done in the way of outward show and semblance. The 
only emulation and rivalry that were noticeable Avere in the 
line of this steadfast endeavor to make an honest and credit- 
able show for J?altimore, and tliere Avas something almost 
pathetic in the little feeble attempts at embellishment which 
even the very poor would not stint, though in many cases it 
must have cost them the price of a loaf which they could not 
very comfortably spare. 



CHAPTER FOURTH. 

The First Day's Pageant. 

OCTOBER lltli, LSSO, tlie day wliieli beheld tlio inaugura- 
tion of Baltimore's great festival in lienor of the one 
hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the city, 
will always deserve singular remembrance on this account, 
that, while no day was ever more anxiously toiled for and 
expected by a great population, no day ever rewarded those 
toils more generously or repaid anticipation with more lavish 
interest. The utmo.st hopes of the sanguine were trans- 
cended, the forebodings of the most desponding strangled in 
the egg. Never did hard and honest labor bear larger fruit; 
never had great city a greater pageant to its honor. At the 
distance in time of nearly a year from these events and with 
the desire to express dispassionate, calm and historical judg- 
ment, we must still pronounce the commemorative and indus- 
trial procession of October 11th, with which Baltimore's 
amiiversary festival was inaugurated, as being not only the 
most signal thing ever done in this city, but as also probably 
the most complete, significant and effective spectacle of the 
sort ever had in the United States. 

To give an idea of the pageant to one who missed seeing it 
would require for them to imagine nearly the whole contents 
of the great Philadelphia Exposition put on wheels, mounted 
in cars and wagons and drawn through the elaborately deco- 
rated streets which have been described, attended by crowds 
as great as those that assembled in the Quaker City on any 
of the most memorable days of that national fete. For a 
city having the reputation of being deficient in industrial 
resources and the products of manufacture and the mechanic 
arts, the display Avas without parallel and its success was 
altogether phenomenal. 



66 MEMORIAL VOFAME. 

People botraii to prepare early in the moruing for an event 
Avliicli tliey knew woukl be monientons. Even before the 
(lawn had painted with tints of Maryland orange the black 
horizon of a dewy night, the streets became niunniirous with 
premonitions of the coming spectacle. By the time the sun- 
rise salute of big guns was fired from Fort McHenry and 
from the war ships in the harbor, nearly all the population 
was up and di-essing, and long before eight o'clock throngs 
could be seen hurrying from every direction and in every 
street towards points on the line of procession, while vehicles 
of every sort and staff officers and people took the direction 
of the starting point in numbers which obstructed passage 
aiul made it almost hazardous to cross the streets. At nine 
o'clock, along eight miles of streets, packing the pavements 
and doorways impenetrably, and obstructing the carriage- 
ways to tlie very car tracks, burthening platforms and bal- 
conies till they groaned beneath the weight of mortality, 
crowding every windoAv, high and low, and hanging to roofs 
and cornices, awning and telegraph posts like bees in swarm- 
ing time, the multitude of men, women and children waited 
for the grand display in cheerful expectation, while the buzz 
of talk grew with the reduplication of multitudinous voices 
into a roar like that which one hears in approaching some 
great cataract. The crowd was good tempered, given to 
laughter upon small provocation, enjoying itself and making 
itself comfortable in spite of much elboMing and the tedium 
of long "waits." It took much pleasure in good-natured 
clinffing, and broke into hearty cheering at sight of anything 
that pleased or amused it; was sociable, considerate, hospit- 
able. As for its patriotism, its Baltimore spirit, these Avere 
manifest in every face, and the dress of nearly every person 
not a stranger was embellished with some touch of Maryland 
colors. 

The great procession formed on Broadway, and the ample 
space of that noble thoroughfare, from Fell's Point to Balti- 
more street, was cleared so as to give room for tlie deploying 
of the column. Outside this reserved area the pavements 
were packed with people and every window of the surnuind- 
ing houses thronged with spectators. The police arrange- 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 67 

iiieiits at this focal ]ioiiit, under tlio rliarge of Deputy Marshal 
Jacob Frey and two hundred and fifty policemen, were excel- 
lent and complete. The ten divisions in which the procession 
marched formed on the side streets intersecting Broadway, 
and great order and promptitude were manifested in getting 
the vast and complicated machinery under way. This ma- 
chinery comprehended not less than two thousand vehicles, 
ten thousand horses and thirty thousand persons in the line. 
That line had to thread a long and devious way through fully 
300,000 spectators, of whom 80,000 were strangers. It was not 
to be expected that in the handling of such a vast body as 
comi)osed this procession mistakes would not occur. There 
were some mistakes, some blunders, some transpositions in 
the line, but nothing which injured its substantial order and 
symmetry, and it was surprising that the start could have 
been made, as it was, promptly upon time; that the system 
and design of the larocession and the relative rank governing 
its distribution should have been so well kept, and that the 
alignment was not materially broken at tlie end of many 
miles of hot marching. It was a line stretched through eight 
miles of multitudinous spectators. It took the procession 
five mortal hours to pass a given point, and, when the head 
of the column was already filing into the Schuetzen Park, on 
the Belair road, where the ceremonies of instauration and 
speaking were ready to begin, the rear of the tenth division 
had not yet been able to fall into the line of march on 
Broadway. 

The crowd of spectators Avas worth looking at. Baltimore 
street, from Broadway westward, was crammed with people. 
As far as the eye could reach, on both sides the street, the 
sea of faces was unbroken. Every house flaunting with the 
gayest colors; every Avindow full; j-oofs swarming with people 
and temporary balconies everywhere a bouquet of eager faces. 
In many places the fronts of the houses were so overloaded 
with spectators that it seemed like a wonder their timbers 
could bear the strain. Every vacant lot, every church-front, 
eacli portico and open space, even to church-yards and ceme- 
teries, was seized upon for " stands," and from these terraces 



()8 MK.MOHIAL VOLLMH:. 

the spoctatoi-s' faces rose in serried rows like tlie tliroiiirs in 
the Hoinaii Coliseum during;: a ^hidiator's show. 

To those in tlie coluiuii of march it was a most iiisi)iritiiig 
profjrressioii. Tliey felt convinced, old denizens tliouyrh they 
were, that they had never seen Baltimore before. No such 
multitudes liad ever gathered on these streets, no such miles 
of welcoming cheers ever laefore rang out, no such palpitating 
masses of liumanity had ever done honor in the past to any 
of Baltimore's occasions. To those who stood among the 
.spectators the scene was fully as startling and exhilarating. 
Band after band, spectacle after spectacle, vehicle behind 
vehicle, squadrons of horsemen and footmen in platoons, in 
companies, in battalions, in regiments and brigades, filed 
unceasing and untiring by, until the wondering observer who 
saw all Baltimore on the streets around him, rubbed his eyes 
to rid himself of the illusion that still another Baltimore was 
not marching by before him. Great and glorious as the pro- 
cession was, it dwindled in the presence of the mighty 
throngs of pei"sons gathered to do it honor. How decent and 
comely all these multitudes were, too; hoAV sober and how 
well behaved; how glad, how appreciative,' how enthusiastic, 
how swift to cheer what pleased their eyes and how slow to 
leave off cheering! 

It Avould be difficult to select out any especially notable 
features in a scene the entire ensemble of which was unique, 
distingui.shed and noble. All were peculiarly impressed, in 
respect to the procession itself, Avith the solidity of the 
masses of men marching forward like a river, with the 
variety and number of industries exhibited in action and in 
their liistory and progress, and with the ingenuity and appo- 
siteness as well as the beauty of the innumerable tableaux 
and illustrations of industry and handicraft — testimony to 
the care and pains and expense the exhibitors had been at to 
convince the world of Baltimore's capabilities as an indus- 
trial city. The central idea, the thought that ran through 
all the procession and served as the clue to its labyrinthine 
variety and wonderful completeness, was that of presenting 
graphically and in taljleaux the history of the founding, prog- 
ress and cli'vclopmciil of I'.altiuiore and its various trades, 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 69 

industries, meclianisius and employments. The arcJiaology, 
h« to speak, of our city, its meclianical and industrial arts, 
its trade, commerce, transportation and general business, were 
all brought out in bold and intelligible relief and served to 
illustrate most forcibly the city's present position, rank and 
eminence in those relations. 

The tableaux by means of which these effects were so finely 
produced were almost immmerable, and each one contributed 
in its way to the picturesque illustration of Baltimore, old 
and new. The Baltimore and Ohio railroad, for instance, 
elaborated by the force of a himdi-ed signal illustrations the 
impression of a continental thoroughfare and a massive 
engine of wholesale transportation, grown up from puny be- 
ginnings—a type of the growth of the city itself, from wliose 
loins this great aggregation of economic forces originally 
sprung. This road sent into line five thousand of its em- 
ployes, uniformed in workman's blue blouse and fireman's 
red cap, led by its officers and directors — an army of stout 
toilers directed to herculean performance by capable, contri- 
ving brains. It contributed Peter Cooper's engine, worked by 
Peter Cooper himself— a venerable friend of Baltimore, over- 
whelmed by the enthusiastic reception which awaited him. 
It sent models of its corner-stone, its telegraph, its elevators, 
its express wagons, and a hundred other proofs of its power 
and its resources— a grateful acknowledgment of its duties to 
Baltimore and its dependence upon it. This one picture alone 
would have sufficed to point out what INIr. Benson J. Lossing 
wrote to the Committee of Invitation in his letter regretting 
his inability to be present at the festival. " Baltimore," said 
he, " is one of the marvels of our country, because of its rapid 
growth in population and industrial thrift of every kind. 
Fell's humble farm-house of 1730 has expanded into a mag- 
nificent city— one of the centres of modern civilization in 
1880. The pack-horses and Conestoga wagons which brought 
the products of the West over the mountains to your town in 
1770 have been transformed into vast railways, whose million 
carriages bring the wealth of a continent to your city and 
harbor. The sloop Baltimore and brig I'hilip and Charles, 
the fii-st of yom- sea-going vessels, have been succeeded by a 



70 MK.MOHIAI, VOLUME. 

iniKMy commercial navy, tlie argosies of which bring to you 
golden fleeces from every Colchis on tlie globe, in spite of the 
dragons of competition. In every phase of vigorous life Bal- 
timore is a mod(d city, full of performance in the present and 
of promise for the future, and every American citizen ought 
to take a family pride in its prosperity." 

The historical illustrations and tableaux were exceedingly 
artistic and beautiful. They were well composed, finely col- 
ored, and taught all that they were intended to teach. Here 
you saw the Indian M'erowance and his warriors and wigwam ; 
the great explorer, John Smith, discovering the Bolus river, 
which we now call the Patapsco; the early settlers, at the 
door of their log cabin, entering upon the first combats with 
rude natm'e, of which we enjoy the varied and splendid fruits ; 
the old court house, with a staff of om- ancient watchmen and 
constables; a picture, acciu-ate and thrilling, of camp life at 
Valley Forge, with representations of De Kalb, of Yankee 
Doodle, etc.; a group of "niinute-mcn" of the Revolution, on 
horseback and on foot ; a Baltimore clipper, with sailors ; the 
Battle Monument, and following it, some few venerable patri- 
archs left over from the defenders of 1814. There were other 
tableaux of this same historical character, some realistic, 
some idealized, and with a vein of jioetry both in their con- 
ception and execution which brought forth .swift and loud 
applause ; and after these, almost innumerable, came living 
pictures to illustrate the origin, growth and fonvardness of 
the industries of Baltimore, all admirably conceived and 
charmingly executed, so that the spectator saw a hundred 
Mardi Gras displays condensed in one, and the tired eye 
almost refused to turn from one bewildering spectacle to the 
next, equally handsome, that came after it. In some of these 
talileaux there was such a curious felicity of design as camiot 
be too highly complimented. They were as unique as they 
were significant, as carefully planned as they were costly and 
recherche, as exquisite in color and proportion as stage set- 
tings can be made after weeks of preparation and rehearsal. 
The most prosaic articles of trade Avere thus seized upon and 
deftly utilized for artistic purposes. A simple article of 
rullling rose into a Battle ^lonument that seemed to be cast 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 71 

in snow from tlie most perfect of moulds; oils, paints, tin 
cans, furniture, glass, all were put together in some ingenious 
shape and became artistic symbols of the growth of some 
trade and Baltimore's progress in it. 

The great industrial display, in all its varied forms, in its 
artistic completeness, in the heartiness with wliich the exhib- 
itors gave their means, their time, their thoughts and all tlieir 
enthusiasm to every slightest detail of it, was undoubtedly 
the most signal feature of this magnificent parade, as it was 
also the greatest source of surprise and delight not only to 
strangers, visitors and guests, but to our own citizens also. 

The order of the Procession of History and Industry was 
as follows : — 

Platoon of sixteen Mounted Policemen, commanded by Jacob 

Frky, Deputy ISIarshal. 

]\Iounted Buglers. 

Joseph Raiber, Chief Marshal. 

Col. Henry D. Loney, Chief of Staff. 

Mounted Color Bearer. [Colors— Black and Gold.) 

MOUNTED AIDS TO CHIEF MARSHAL — (eight frOUt.) 

Gen. C4eorge H. Steuart, Frank S. Levering, 

AV. B. Krout, T. A. Symington, 

Allison Brown, Thos. Deford, 

W. A. Boyce, Max Lindau, 

A. ]SI. Webb, J- B. Stokes, 

Chas. E. Ford, W. C. Schley, 

Chas. Kettlewell, C. W. Kein, 

J. F. Deale, Charles Schneider, 

H. Y. Ward, C. E. Coleman, Jr. 

R. Steuart Latrobe, R- Emory Warfield, 

W. H. Brown, Prof. E. G. Davis, 

E. L. Bartlett, R.Winslow Eddins, 

J. Frank Supplee, F. X. Russell, 

W. B. Norman, Thos. R. Clendenen, 

IVIichael Roche, E. G. Lehmann, 

Fred. Sliriver, F. W. Brune, 

Geo. Green, Capt. F. T. Grady, 



72 



JIEMOUIAL vol. r ME. 



1). E. Conklin, 
(Jabriel Duval, 
G. Leiper Thomas, 
David Stewart, 
W. B. Fitzgerald, 
J. B. Sisson, 

D. (i. Wright, 
T. N. Williams, Jr. 
Murray Hanson, 
11. Kiddle Brown, 
L. L. Conrad, 
R. F. Brent, 
IT. E. Bciltzell, 
T. K. Bradford, 

E. A. Jackson, 

F. E. Waters, 

F. Bernei, 
Thos. J. Shryock, 
John McGarigle, 
W. T. Levering, 
Jesse Tyson, 
W. DeC. Poultney, 

G. B. Cole, 
E. F. Pontier, 
Harry W. Husk, 
Dr. W. H. Cole, 
W. E. I'.lrd, 
L. Str.isburger, 
Harry Hall, 
George F. AA'obb, 
L.AV. Gunther, 
Andrew J. George, 
H. G. Vickery, 
O. C. War field, 
George M. Wheeler, 
Harry H. Coyle, 
I'red. A. Stewart, 
W. W. Crozier, 



John Filn, 

Morris Putnam Stevens, 

A. T. Houfk, 
H. Munuickhuysen, 
John Pleasants, 
R. N. Bowerman, 
Samuel Wylie, 
Aug. Pfeil, 
Sani'l W. Bradford, 
Wm. Campbell llamiltou, 
John S. Shriver, 
Geo. Bauer, 
P. R. Reese, 
H. F. Turner, 
Henry ^loale, Jr. 
Douglas II. Thomas, 
R. Hamilton, 
Winfield Peters, 
J. II. Ehlen, 
Ed. Pels, 

Robert Cooper Rasin, 
W. F. Frick, 
Jos. Whyte, 
Adrian Ondesluys, 

B. IjiKM'ich, 
J. P. Pleasants, 
Otto Benner, 
L. II. Wieman, 
Geo. Kessler, 
Edw'd L. liiirtlett, 
L. Courtney O'Donnel, 
J. S. Hopkins, 
Chas. J. Gaobler, 
J. II. Aull, 
J. R. I'.urley, 
Griffith Feelemyer, 
.fdlni S. Curl(>. 
W. 11. Casscll. 

J. Sterling Bermintrham. 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 



73 



Hon. Ferdinand C. Lateobe, Mayor of the City. 
Mounted Color Bearer. {Color — White.) 

MOUNTED AIDS TO THE MAYOR — (eight froilt.) 



Col. Harry 
Hon. Robert ISl. McLane, 
Thomas Swaim Latrobe, 
C. A. Swann, 
Frank A. Stevens, 
W. S. Symington, 

C. B. Tiernan, 
Fred. A. Whelan, 
P. M. Snowden, 
Isaac Brooks, Jr. 
James Donnelly, 
Lewis C. Scott, 
R. G. Keene, 
John ]\I. Keeler, 
W. H. Baldwin, 
Innes Randolph, 

D. Greenbanm, 

J. EdAvard Bird, Jr. 
G. R. McGee, 
W. P. Twamley, 
"NVm. Seemnllcr, 
C. W. Chancellor, 
Thos. S. Wilkinson, 
R. Quincy Hall, 
C. O. D. Lee, 
F. AV. Levering, 
W. G. Little, ^ 
Sidney L. Wright, 
Harry W. Benzinger, 
H. W. Ellicott, 
Charles Clarke, 
Theo. Gassaway, 
H. A. Barry, 
George A. Bennett, 



GiLMoR, Chief, 

Edward Mooney, 

E. A. Jackson, 

S. P. Ryland, 

Chauncey Brooks, 

C. E. Dunn, 

H. Remmington, 

Thos. Fields, 
. Samuel M. Shoemaker, Jr. 

W. S. Wilson, 

John M. Dulany, 

Wm. W. Johnson, 

John Jj. Culbertson, 

Wm. A. Boyd, 

Wm. H. Thomas, Jr. 

Herbert Cassard, 

Dr. Silas Baldwin, 

Wm. H. Perkins, 

Gen. Thos. W. Campbell, 

Samuel W. Regester, 

J. Frank Morrison, 

James E. Trott, 

Chas. A. Slingluff, 

Sam'l Hanna, 

P. J. Duff, 

S. H. Whiteley, 

S. Hamilton, 

Cyprian Jenkins, 

James R. Warner, 

Edward ]\Iurray, 

Pemberton Pleasants, 

John B. ISIorris, Jr. 

Jacob IJndloy, 

Charles Perot, 



74 



MKMORIAL VOLUME 



>raj()r Thos. G. Ridgely, 

A. McKim, 

J. H. Lee, 

Henry T. Meloney 

W. W. Johnson, 

Aug. Bouldin, 

Enoch Pi-att, 

Chas. Hunt, 

PMwin S. Young, 

Dr. I. D. Thomson, 

Thos. M. Green, 

Josepli Xeilson, 

R. A. Taylor, 

J. McHenry Howard, 

Edwin F. Abell, 

James Knox, 

W. H. Cole, 

\\. Hall Harris, 

J. D'Arcy M'ilson, 

L. M. Cole, 

Winfield J. Taylor, 

W. E. C'lomm, 

A. \y. Bradford, Jr. 

Dr. T. Sollers Waters, 

James Carey Coale, 

Thos. S. Reese, 

Heniy Janes, 

Fi-ank W. Banks, 

John C. George, 

Thomas Long Jones, 

H. H. Coyle, 

Wm. Rogei-s, 

Dr. Chas. Grindall, 

J. F. McShano, M. D. 

Oscar S. Taylor, 

H. F. Reid, 

R. A\'. Gwathmey, 

N. R. Hoiidcr.-;on, 

Wm. H. Crawford, 



David Elliott, 
T. liarton Jones, 
Prof. H. A. Rowland, 
S. C. Hanson, 
F. T. Redwood, 
Walter Poultney, 
Samuel T. Buzby, 
Chas. C. W. :McCoy, 
Henry W. Janes, 
L. Victor Baughman, 
Adam E. King, 
H. W. Marston, 
Chris. Billups, 
R. C. Smith, 
W. X. Smith, 
Jolni McWilliams, 
John Henry Keone, 
Carroll Poiiltney, 
E. J. Chaisty, Jr. 
IL R. Dulany, 
John Gill, 
P. M. P,ircklH>ad, 
Graham Dukehart, 
Wm. P. Zollinger. 
Geo. C. Maund, 
John M. Culleton, 
P. G. Wallis, 
Henry B. McLane, 
D. P. West, 
Fred'k A. Stewart, 
Wm. F. Porter, 
Henrj' C. A. Smith, 
James Claypoole, 
W. E. W. Ross, 
Wm. H. Scarlett, 
John T. Newnan, 
Geo. B. Creamer, 
Charles J. Stewart, 
AV. D. ( 'ator. 



MEMOKIAL VOLUME. 



^\'. W. Carter, 

James Lake, 

W. G. Storcli, 

Germoii H. Hunt, 

Woodward Abrahams, 

Dr. A. Glemi Feuton, 

M. L. Wilson, 

Chas. D. Merryman, 

E. Stanley Gary, 

Dr. St. George W. Teackl 

W. H. Thomas, Jr. 

J. T. j\I. Barnes, 

E. J. Farber, 

John H. Basil, 

George F. West, 

Alonzo Lilly, 

Daniel C. Ammidon, 

Frank W. Tliomas, 

Maud I). Tyson, 

J. Sumner Parker, 

John M. AVheelen, 

Dr. Fred'k Bevan, 

W. W. Crozier, 

George A. Albaugh, 

Wm. F. Cochran, 

John S. Gittings, 

J. Harry Lee, 

C. Kidgeley Goodwin, 

T. Harrison Garrett, 

F. H. AA^igfall, 

J. Frank Frick, 

Dr. H. H. McGee, 

B. F. Ulnian, 

W. E. Bird, 

George Savage, 

R. A. Taylor, 

A. E. Smyrk, 

B. Howard Haman, 
H. Lants, 



Geo. A. Clabaugh, 
C. D. Merryman, 
Chas. Roche, 
Dr. H. ^y. Owings, 
S. M. Gibbons, 
Wm. P. Webb, 
Claas Vocke, 
G. W. Gail, 
H. M. ^^'ebb, 
Edward Connolly, 
George T. Sadtler, 
Clinton J. Ashton, 
Thomas J. Robinson, 
Thos. C. Basshor, 
Gen. Chas. E. Phelps, 
John R. Kenly, 
Wm. ]\Ic^Mlliams, 
Francis Cutaiar, 
Philiji H. Israel, 
H. R. McNally 
John Duer, 
Andrew J. King, 
Isaac Guggenheimer, 
Wm. H. Reilly, 
Gen. Felix Agnus, 

Harrison Adreon, 
Edwin H. Trust 

W. T. Adreon, 

David R. Knull, 

Robert G. King, 

S. Turner Duvall, 

Alex. E. Brown, 

John S. Gittings, 

J. Harry Lee, 

Ernest Schmeiser, 

F. Ruhstral, 

Dr. F. Hassencamp, 

James R. AVarner, 

Edw. Murray, 



76 



MEMOIUAL VOIAME. 



John T. McGloue, 
Itobt. T. r-aldwin, Jr. 
Marcus Dciinison, 
Carroll V. Bitting, 
David Herring, 
Josopli II. Gale, 
W'm. F. McKewen, 
James Diudon, 
Jolin 0. IJran.sby, 
Frank X. Jenkins, 
Wni. F. Keid, 
Albert Weil, 
Bradley S. Jolinson, 
Kobt. H. Carr, 
Geo. F. Webb, 
James liigby, 
John L. .Sickel, 
John Q. A. Herring, 
Wm. S. Powell, 
Bentley S. Bibb, 



Louis Winternitz, 
, John J. Donaldson, 

\\'in. T. Malster, 
Fred. I'olmyer, 
Douglass H. Duer, 
Chas. A. Martin, 
A. Kummer, 
John A. Kobb, 
F. W. Dammann, 
H. J. Key, 
Dr. W. H. Crim, 
Oliver A. Parker, 
John T. Morris, 
Harry Gilmor, Jr. 
Geo. U. Stewart, 
Samuel S. Lee, 
L. W. Gunther, Jr., 
Clayton Cannon, 
Graham Gordon, 
Harry M. Ford, 
Charles A. Vogeler. 



OPKN ILVKOUCIIES. 

J. TnoM.vs ScHARF AND FuEDERiCK Eaixe, Orators of the Day, 

Uev. G. AuMisTEAr) Leakix, D. D., Clergj'man, 

John R. Fki.i.man, Chairman German Executive Committee, 

Mr.NifiPAi- Executive Co^rMiTTEE, 

German Execitive Committee and Artlstic CoMMrrrEE. 



FIRST DrS^TSTON. 

Tlio elaborate arrangement of the monster procession of 
the first day into divisions in a regular order was substan- 
tially but not strictly adhered to. By reason of an accident 
to the vehicle bearing one of the tableaux in the Historical 
Division, the Baltimore and Ohio Bailroad Division was given 
the ri>,'ht of the line and started at once, so that the order to 



^- MEMORIAL V0I;IIMK. 77 

move promptly at 9:30 a. m. was strictly kept. The first divi- 
sion actually in line therefore was that of the Baltimore and 
Ohio, imder the command of Major N. S. Hill, acting as mar- 
shal and supported by twelve aids. Their color was light 
blue. This division consisted, in the order given, of the Bal- 
timore and Ohio Eailroad Company, the Baltimore Corn and 
Flour Exchange, the Northern Central Eailroad Company, 

the Adams Express Company, the St. ]Mary's Industrial r~^ 

School, and the American Union Telegraph Company. 

The Baltimore and Ohio, with ten bands of music, had five 
thousand men in line on foot, thirty wagons, thirty l^arouches, 
and a number of interesting tableaux. The procession of this 
army was arranged according to the diff'erent branches of the 
service, the head of the column being given to the iron- 
workers, who wore a uniform of black trowsers, blue shirts, 
red caps with white tassels, and bore sledge-hammers on 
their shoulders as the emblems of their craft. They escorted 
a banner which bore an inscription condensing the history of 
the great thoroughfare, as follows: "Baltimore and Ohio 
Railroad, July 4, 1828; October 11, 1880. The first road begun 
in America for general transportation. The first road com- 
pleted from the Atlantic to the Ohio river, January 10, 1853. 
In 1830 operating 13 miles; in 1880 operating 3,300 miles. In 
1830, 100 employes ; in 1880, 20,000 employes. In 1853, uniting 
Baltimore and Wheeling; in 1880, a link in the chain uniting 
the Atlantic and the Pacific." 

The plan of march was that of a solid phalanx of one hun- 
dred and forty-four men, in uniform, followed by a truck 
bearing some tableau or something else having reference to 
the road's history. One of these was a model of the granite 
corner-stone of the railroad, laid under the Presidency of 
Philip E. Thomas, July 4th, 1828, in connection with which 
were exhibited the implements — trowel, spade and liammer — 
used by Charles Carroll of Carrolton at that ceremony. The 
employes of the machine-shop escorted a model of the sail- 
car put on the road by I] van Thomas in 1830, a curious box on 
wheels, with a mast and a square sail. The lumber depart- 
ment and carx)enter-sliop employes had on their truck a model 
of a primitive saw tread-mill, worked by a blind horse. The 



78 MK.MOKIAI, VOMME. 

workmen of tlio enf,^liie aiid brhli^v dt'p.artincnts cscortod Peter 
Cooiier's laiiiouri eii,t!:ine, Mr. Coojter himself followiui,' behind 
it in an open baronelie. 

The ticket department of tlie company exliibited the rou- 
tine of conpon-i^tampin^' and distribution in action, and the 
teletrrapli brit,^ade showed how Mires are laid and dispatches 
sent. 'Ihe progress of transportation was emphasized by 
grouping together an o.\-team and a negro lazily hauling a 
single hogshead of tobacco, and a modern truck with a spank- 
ing team, bearing nine hogsheads jauntily along. This con- 
tiast was brought out in a still more vivid and comical way 
by the spectacle of a mule Mtched to a hogshead after the 
ancient "rolling-road" style, followed by a section of tlie 
huge express wagons of to-day, piled high with cases of 
freight marked for delivery in every part of the continent. 
There could be no more forcible way to illustrate history than 
this, and the endeavor of the great busy corporation to i>ut 
itself in full rapj)oji with the occasion celebrated was gen- 
erally undei'stood and appreciated by spectators. 

The Corn and Flour Exchange, following the Ikltimore and 
Ohio in line, had tlie Ciovernment I\Iariiie ]>and to furnish 
music for their column. A bay schooner on one of their 
trucks immediately preceded the model of an elevator, on 
which was iirinted the highly business-like inscription : " Ee- 
ceiptsof grain 1870, (J,871,(>:j3 bushels; shipments, 4>!(j,ii.S.j bush- 
els. Receipts 1880, 57,7!)G,.';-22 buslu>ls ; shipments, 5;},480,;M1 
l)ushels" — a history in itself which explained why the ex- 
chanue, organized in 1S5;J with 53 members, should in 1880 
hiiAc a membership of 000. Tt was natural that an miallegor- 
ical "bull" and "bear" should form part of this procession, 
but a real allegorical tableau of the progress of wheat, from 
the first kindly thought of Ceres to the merchant's "spot" 
delivery, was conceived with spirit and fancy and charmingly 
worked out in execution. The design was that of Mr. IJaraldi ; 
the artist who arranged the really handsome tableau was 
Mr. George A. Gardner. It required twelve horses to draw 
the platform on which this fine piece of scenic effect was 
arranged. 



MEJrORIAL VOLUME. 79 

The Nortliern Central Railroad Company liad a large oil 
painting in the van of their part of the line, representing a 
passenger train on one of the approaclies to the Susquehaiuia 
bridge. An engineer, a fii-enian, a conductor and a flagman, 
all uniformed and each with his tools in his hand, relieved 
this picture. Behind the truck, marching with consummate 
order and regularity, came four hundred employes taken 
from the different shops, the old and infirm servants being 
transported in carriages. The uniforms were very neat, and 
the soldierly appearance of the well-drilled men added greatly 
to their effect in the line. Method, system, economy and pre- 
cision were here typified. 

The Adams Express Company, headed l)y some of its lead- 
ing officers in a barouche, presented a tableau of a globe sur- 
mounted by Mercury, the handsome lad Avho supported the 
latter character poising himself fearlessly upon his lofty 
and quivering post. It was perhaps indirectly in reference to 
Mercury's attribute as the deity of pilferers that tliis truck 
had on it some of the company's safes with watch-dogs on 
guard. In another tableau the progress of the system of 
parcel's delivery from 1730 to ISSO was traced in an instruc- 
tive manner. 

The St. Mary's Industrial School, conducted by the Xaverian 
Brothers, created a great deal of favorable comment by their 
excellent turnout. There were two hundred boys in' line, 
under command of Wm. O'Brien, superintendent of Loudon 
Park Cemetery. Several soldiers from Fort McHenry acted 
as assistants. The boys wore their gray uniforms, and 
marched with great precision. Besides those on foot there 
was a large number in wagons, exhibiting what they are 
taught at school. There was a shoe factory, Daniel McCartliy, 
foreman ; hand-shoe shop, J. Griggs, foreman ; printing ofHce, 
John J. Cody, foreman ; tailor shop, George Groh, foreman ; 
basket shop, Wm. Shannon, foreman; blacksmith shop, Ed. 
Strickland, foreman ; an agricultural wagon, omnibuses, a 
Sesqui-Centennial wagon,- phaeton and barouches containing 
the Brothers, making, all in all, a handsome display. The 
lads were here shown at work at the different crafts by which 



80 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

tiles'^ cotild earn an lionest living -w'lien they reached maturity, 
and the work and the workers both looked sound and solid. 



SECOND DIVISION. 

The second division in the actual line of march, that which 
presented tlie tableaux relating to the history of lialtimore, 
was marslialed by Mr. II. D. Boss, supported by twelve aids, 
wearing red sashes. The head of the cortege was taken by 
Mr; Charles Rupp, impersonating Lord Baltimore. He wore 
armor of gilt, with a plumed golden helmet, rode a gi"ay 
Arabian steed and bore himself featly and well. Two heralds, 
personated by Bernard Bourke and .Joseph Harig, followed in 
my Lord's train, wearing old Englisli costumes. The repre- 
sentatives of the aboriginal occupants of the soil of Balti- 
more, a l)ody of formidable red men, in no end of paint and 
feathers, foHowed next in line — warriors, sachems, sagamores, 
mixed in a throng. The United Order of Red Men furnislied 
this group, so tliat their costumes must have been correct in 
an arcliJEological point of view. Then succeeded a tableau of 
the Indian's wigwam of skins, tlie warrior and liis family in 
their home on the site perhaps of one of Baltimore's huge 
elevators. Even while the warrior sat and rested him from 
tlie chase and liis canoe of birch stood ready poised for 
launching, the enemy who was soon to banish him from liis 
liaunts forever was already heaving in sight, for yonder came 
Captain John Smith's pinnace, with his crew of thirteen men, 
feeling their way up under the lee of the red banks of the 
Bolus river — " for the red clay called Bole Anneniack," said 
Smith, "we called it Bolus." The pinnace was placed upon a 
decorated wagon, and the discoverer and his crew looked 
formidable enough to frighten all the Indians away — though, 
in point of fact. Smith's narrative of his sixth voyage repre- 
sents the Bolus river as being uninhabited. If he couhl look 
in upon it to-day, that fierce gray beard of his would stand 
out amazed and that falchion with which he slew three Sara- 
cens in the East in single combat would fall from his nerve- 
less gi-asp. 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 81 

The next tableau in the series presented the first Maryhuirl 
settler's rude log cabin, witli its primitive appointments, a 
simple tale of the encounter Avith nature which could not be 
told amiss and camiot be told too often. Then followed a 
model in miniature of Baltimore's first court house, on the 
site of the Battle Monument, with the underpinning contri- 
vances of the ingenious Leonard Harbaugh brought out in 
full relief. The realistic tableau of camp life at Valley Forge 
was an appeal to Maryland patriotism which was most effec- 
tive ; while the representation of the Battle Monument was a 
fac simile in everything but materials. In the seventh 
tableau the commercial growth of Baltimore and the devel- 
opment of its ship-building interests were typified in a 
steamship surmounting and growing out of an old-time .sail- 
boat. The eighth tableau, which broke down and had to be 
withdrawn from the procession, was an allegorical imper- 
sonation of Baltimore, the city being represented by Miss 
Matilda Zuikland. In the ninth, the sea-, the source of so 
much wealth to Baltimore, was allegorized, Mr. William 
Holtzman personating Neptune, ruler of the waves. Miss 
Anna Hohn being his Amphitrite, a mermaid just rising 
from a very good representation of what Mr. Ricliard 8ur- 
viller called " the briny," while three dolphins waited upon 
her, each spouting real water. The vehicle on which this 
tableau was transported had suffered "a sea-change," and 
looked ancient and fish-like. In the tenth tableau, Colum- 
bia, Miss Emma Seng,* sat entlu"oned upon a lofty curule 
chair — " high on a throne of Ormus or of Ind " — ruling the 
arts and industries and guiding the nations. Round about 
her were characters representing the arts and sciences. Co- 
lumbia was dressed in Greek costume of severe, but becoming 
simplicity. Her tlu'one had a dome reacliing over it, on top 
of which was the American eagle, looking for all the world as 
if nothing would give him greater pleasure than to flap his 
wings and join in the celebration. The interior of the dome 



*In addition to others named above the following ladies took part in illustrating 
the tableaux : Misses Louise Ilachtel, Minnie Klepper, Johanna Luekman, Lena 
Lamp, Elenora Rhein, Mary Degenhardt, Kate Schuppcl, Bertha Schulz, Lizzie 
Smith and Johanna Gerken. 



82 MEMOKIAF. VOI.r.MK. 

Avas lined Avith blue anrl bespantrled with stars. On tlie four 
corner posts of the wagon were irilt reiiresentations of flame 
iiluniinatiiiij the darkness of the world. Tliere were several 
bases to the platform, on eaoli of which sat persons repre- 
sentintr the different nationalities of the universe, to all of 
whom a welcoming; hand was extended. 

After the leadin.i^ tableaux mentioned had passed, they were 
followed by the Ikiltimore Riding Club and tableaux repre- 
senting the lighting of Baltimore by gas, the first telegi-aph 
wire in operation, running between Washington and Halti- 
nioi-c; tlnve ]i(n-ticultural tableaux of rare beauty and exqui- 
site designs, and a fine tableau representing agriculture. The 
old and new fire engines were also represented. These were 
followed by tlie artistic and other committees of the Germans, 
whose names are given on a preceding page, in bai'onclies, and 
the United Red iMen in Indian costume. It will be seen that 
the tableaux represented the gi-adual growth of Raltimore 
from the time the country was inhabited by Indians up to the 
present day. They were gotten up chiefly by the artistic com- 
mittee, and they reflect great credit upon its memliers. It is 
proper to add here that neither the above description, nor the 
pai-ade itself, did full justice to the arduous and intelligent 
labors of the artistic committee, one of the earliest to go to 
work in connection with the Sesqui-Centennial Celebration. 
The money cost of these tableaux was small — only a little 
over §-S00. The time, thought and labor expended on their 
prepai-ation were very great. The plan of the historical tab- 
leaux was very suggestive and complete. The arrangement, in 
two parts, was meant to give, by pictures of events and sym- 
bols of epochs, a full icoiiographic histoiy of Baltimore and 
its site from the time of its occupancy by the Indians down 
to tlie present; nor was the selection of incidents too meagre 
to accomplish that object. The programme of arrangements, 
as ofUcially promulgated on the morning of the parade, will 
prove this to demonstration. It is as follows, and it was 
strictly adhered to except where accident or incidental mis- 
conception interfered with it: 

Xo. 1, Two Heralds of 17o0, English noblemen of same 
time; 2, Indian Chief, with Warriors, (kindly volunteered 



MEiMOKIAL VOLUiMK. S'd 

from the U. O. 11. jM-); -^j a^" Indian ^^'igwam, tableau; 4, Cay- 
tain Jolin Smitli on tlie Chesapeake with his Thirteen Men, 
tableau; 5, Fii-st Settlers and Log House, tableau; G, the Old 
Court House of Baltimore, tableau, followed by watchmen ; 7, 
Camp Life of 177G, tableau, followed by the Yankee Doodle 
trio, Gen. De Kalb and others of his time; 8, Minute Men on 
Foot and Horseback; 9, a Clipper Ship and Sailors; 10, the 
Battle Monument. :Music-. 11, the Old Defenders in Car- 
riages; 12, a Detachment of Soldiers of the Present Day from 
the Fifth Maryland Regiment; 13, the Baltimore Riding Club; 
14, Baltimorean, tableau; 15, Gas, tableau; 16, Telegraph, tab- 
leau ; 17, Telephone Company, A. J. Davis, one wagon; IS, 
Hahl & Co.'s Electric Clock; 19, Old Hand Fire Engine; 20, 
Steam Fire Engine; 21, Horticulture, fJ. Halliday, J. Cook, O. 
P. Magill,) tableau, 22, Agriculture, tableau, 2o, The Seas, tab- 
leau; 24, Steamship, tableau; 25, "Columbia Gives a Home to 
All,"' tableau, with sailors from a United States man-of-war ; 
26, Committee in Barouches; 27, United Red Men, Commit- 
tees of First Day of Arrangement, Finance, Reception, Music, 
Place and Printing. 

In tracing tlie notable features of the rest of this unexam- 
pled procession, it is necessary to follow the official pro- 
gramme, in order to escape confusion and bewilderment. 
This was substantially carried out, each tableau, vehicle and 
exhibitor being numbered according to the place assigned it 
or them. In a few instances a vehicle or exhibitor got in the 
wrong place, but these exceptions were not frequent. 



THIRD DIVISION. 

Colors — Yellow. 

Frederick Ellenbrock, Chief of Division. 

Twelve Aids. 

Fort ^McHenry Band. 

The German Singing Societies, Charles Kaiser, Marshal, 

with aids. 
No. 1, Apollo and the Muses, tableau; 2, the Baltimore Lie- 
derkranz; 3, the Arion Singing Society; 4, the Harmonie Sing- 



84 MEMUIUAI. VOLLME. 

ing Society; 5. Germauia M.Tiineirlior Singing Section; 6, 
Fidelio (Quartette Club; 7, tlie Beetlioven Mfennerchor ; .s, tlie 
Euterpe Singing Society; 9, the Genuania Masnnerchor, with 
six barouclies and three wagons, J. Klein, marslial; 10, Con- 
cordia Society, four barouches; 11, Maryland Turn Association, 
Xo 1 , 12, Baltimore Turn Association; 13, Lafayette Turn 
Association; 14, Junior Pyi-amid Club; 15, Pyramid and Pan- 
tomime Club; IG, German Society of Maryland; 17, German 
Orphan Asylum; hS, United Ked Men; 19, Bavarian Associa- 
tion; 20, Jolly 15achelors' Association; 21, Burger Schuetzen 
Association; 22, Teutonia Bowling Club; 23, Ungemuthlichkeit 
Club ; 24, Holy Cross Church Society ; 25, St. John's Youths' 
Association; 26, Jackson Pleasure Socials; 27, Uncle Brasig 
Society, Theo. Horn, marshal ; 2.S, Ilaltimore Schuetzen Society, 
A Martini, marshal; 29, Knights of St. Paul and St. Paul 
Holy Cross Association ; 30, German Veteran Association ; 31, 
Schweizer Association ; 32, Sueven Association ; 33, Hessen 
Association; 34, Fritz Renter Association; 35, East Baltimore 
Jockey Club; 30, Original AVcstern Star Assembly. Music. 
37, United Ilorseshoers of Baltimore ; 38, Germania Associa- 
tion, Xo. 10 ; 39, Germania Lodge, K. H. ; 40, Germania Lodge, 
No. 24; 41, United Order Sons of Liberty, and one wagon; 42, 
Grand Lodge, I. O. G. B., John Schmueck, marshal ; 43, Toner 
Assembly, wagon ; 44, Wm. McKewen Socials, wagon ; 45, 
Young Good Will Club, wagon. 



FOURTH DFS^ISION. 

Colors — Pu rj)Je. 

Henry Lantz, Chief of Division. 

Twelve Aids. 

Charles A\'eber's Band. 

Benevolent Societies. 

No. 1, German Prill Association, K. P., H. Fenner, marshal, 
with aids; 2, Germania Lodge, No. 14, Ch. Schoel, marshal ; 3, 
Goethe Lodge, No. 98 ; 4, German Drill Association ; 5, DeKalb, 
No. 75 ; 0, Allemauia, No. 7(j ; 7, Jackson, No. 30 ; s, Steuben, 
No. 37 ; 9, Schiller Lodge, No. 2S. Pick's Band. 10, East I3al- 



MKMOKIAT. VOl.rJIK, 85 

tlmore Drill Association; 11, Harugari, witli tableau, C. 
Zuschlag, marslial, with aids; 12, Grand Grove O. of Druids, 
A. Ballauf, marshal; 13, Black Knights, H. Geuman, marshal; 
14, Union of Friendship, (Freundschaftshund) ; 15, Epsilon 
Conclave, No. 4, of Heptasophs; 10, Hospital Relief Associa- 
tion of Maryland; 17, Galileo Union; 18,Washington Lodge, V. 
O. U. B.; 19, Humboldt Lodge, Ko. 38, V. O. U. M.; 20, East 
Baltimore Sick Association; 21, Workingmen's Sick Relief 
Society, No. 5 South street; 22, United Workingmen's Sick 
Association, Leon Wichlein, marshal. Music. 23, General 
Workingmen's Sick Relief Union, John Lampe, marshal ; 24, 
Harmonie Sick Association, J. Hartman, marshal; 25, West 
End Sick Association, with one wagon ; 26, Barbers' Beneficial 
Association, G. F. Robelin, marshal ; 27, Turners' Sick Relief 
Association, Chas. Schoel, marshal ; 2S, Harmony Lodge, O. S. 
L., No. 4, George Bauer, marshal ; 29, Social Relief Association, 
No. 1 ; 30, Jackson Lodge, No. l(j, O. I. B., George Kroner, mar- 
shal. Music. 31, Bricklayers' Union, one tableau, four ba- 
rouches, six hundred men on foot; 32, Plasterer's Union of 
Baltimore, with two wagons, A. Davis, marshal; 33, Beacon 
Light O. B. B., Moses Moses, marslial; 34, ]\Ionumental City 
Lodge, No. 311, I. O. B. B.; 35, Jedidjah Lodge, I. O. B. B. ; 3G, 
George Bauernschmidt's Liedertafel ; 37, Bohemian Sub-Divi- 
sion, V. J. Schimmick, marshal. Music. Sakolska Blesk, 
Blanick, Rerun, ISIarylaud, Grand Lodge, C. S. P. S. 



FIFTPI DrsnSION. 

Colors — Orange. 
Capt. Winfield Peters, Chief of Division. 

AIDS. 

H. A. Parr, R. Emory War field, 

Wm. H. Warfield, C. R. Coleman, 

W. Campbell Hamilton. 
Zeigler's Band. 

No. 1, United Baltimore Bakers' Association, Mich. Young, 
marshal, with six barouches and one decorated wagon ; 2, J. D. 
Lauster, three wagons; 3, J. W. Cruitt, two wagons; 4, Geo. 



86 MKMoKIAI. VOLIMK. 

Eldridge ; 5, C. H. Black, each one wagon ; G, Jauies D. Mason 
i\j Co., thii'teen wagons. Flonr and Feed — 7, Rinehart, Cliilds 
it Co., three wagons; 8, L. E. Bartel; i), Leo Lang; 10, George 
Bros.; 11, J. T. Tinianus & Son; 12, Kobt. Knight; 13, A. L. 
Boggs, Jr. it Co.; 14, F. Kroeber & Sons, each one wagon; lo, 
S. Edwards & Co., two wagons; IG, John R. Hudgins & Co.; 17, 
A. P. Gerber & Co., each one wagon ; 18, C. A. Ganibrill <t Co., 
two wagons; 19, McAfee Bros.; 20, Penrose, Xelker it Co.; 21, 
J. M. Ramming, each one wagon; 22, Seevers & Anderson, Par- 
agon Flour Mill, B. F. Starr mill stones, two wagons. Grocers 
' — 23, Hamilton it French, three wagons ; 24, John Oliver, two 
wagons; 25, 8. T. Johnson, one wagon; 2G, J. Ziiik it Son, si.\ 
horses; 27, Sterling Manufactiu-ing Company; 28, Thomas M. 
(Jreeu it Bro. ; 29, H. M. Ilosmer it Bi-o., each one wagon; 30, 
Drury it Ijams, two wagons; 31, Dclaney & Smith, three 
wagons ; 32, J. IL Leber it Bro. ; 33, Mooney & Co., each one 
wagon ; 34, Dinsmore it Kyle, four wagons ; 35, AVm. J. Bowen, 
agent of J. Pyles, pearline; 30, George K. McGaw, each one 
wagon; 37, Thomas ^McCoubrey, steam bakery, two wagons; 
3>S, American Manufacturing Company, oleomargarine; 39, J. 
G. Jledinger, one wagon. Salt — 40, A. Kerr, Bros, it Co.; 41, 
Parrish Bros., each two wagons. Tea — 42, Importers and 
Traders' Tea Company; 43, Atlantic Tea Company, each two 
wagons; 44, F. A. Bryan & Co.; 45, Martin Gillet it Co., each 
one wagon. Patent Top Manufacturers — 4(i, L. Moore, Sted- 
man's patent top, one cari'iage. Basket and AVillow Ware — 
47, Lord it Robinson, two wagons; 48, Joseph Schlereth, one 
wagon. 

SIXTH DIVISION. 

Colorti — Green. 

Jacob Miu'bach, Chief of Division. 

Twelve Aids. 

Saw and Planing Mills — Xo. 1, Otto Duker it Co., Jos. M. 
Blackaby, marshal of section; Chas. Weber's Bjind in wagon, 
wagon with jiyramid of hard wood, wagon Avitli sawed work, 
wagon witli frames, two wagons with employes, a lumber 
Avagon, timber wagon, watchman's wagon; 2, B. J. Ilubbel; 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 87 

3, G. W. Horstman ; 4, C. C. Rnmpli & Co. ; 5, Heald Saw and 
Planing Mill Company; 0, Heiso & Bruns; 7, Thomas ]\Iat- 
tliews & Co. ; 8, Geo. F. Sloane & Bro., one wagon each ; 9, F. 
W. Trimble, two wagons. Furniture :Manufacturers — Morton 
D. Banks, marshal of section. Music. 10, INIorton D. Banks, 
five wagons; 11, H. Jenkins & Son; 12, Kosendale & Co., two 
wagons each ; 13, Gunther & Fink, three wagons ; 14, Atlantic 
Furniture Company, five wagons; 15, George Beck, two 
wagons; 16, Graham & Schmidt, three wagons; 17, Thomas 
Kugler, one wagon; 18, Chris. Scheror, two wagons; 19, Arm- 
strong & Denny; 20, L. Himmel, one wagon each; 21, Rand 
Manufacturing Company, six wagons. Musical Instruments. 
Fifth Regiment Band. 22, Wm. Knahe & Co., two hundred 
men and twenty-eight wagons, F. I.egeman, marshal of sec- 
tion. INlusic. 23, Charles M. Stieff, nine wagons; 24, Wm. 
Heinekamp, two wagons; 25, A. Pomplitz, three wagons; 26, 
Sanders & Stay man; 27, John Magez, two wagons each; 28, 
William H. Bendler, one wagon. Pictm-e Frames— 29, Wm. 
Eckhardt; 30, Schneider & Fuchs, one wagon each. Rustic 
Work— 31, Jas. Schloer; 32, Cotter Bride, one wagon each. 
Barrelmakers— 33, Flour-Barrel Coopers' Union ; 34, Eppler & 
Sons; 35, Henry Schaefer; 36, Kimball, Tyler & Co.; 37, Fred. 
Schlimme, one wagon each. Showcases — 38, Charles Carl & 
Co. ; 39, Richard Sauer, one wagon each. Box Factories— 40, 
One wagon with twenty-four horses, represented by the fol- 
lowing firms : Thiemeyer & Co., Adams & Setzer, Asendorf & 
Dreyer, Klingmeyer & Co., Becker & Bro., Radecke & Co., 
Siemers & Co., Schulze & Co., H. Heise & Co., J. H. Duker; 41, 
Wm. H. Schleigh, one wagon. Billiards— 42, J. G. Taylor & 
Co., two wagons. Turners— 43, Stork & Sons, one wagon. 



SEVENTH DIVISION. 

Colors — Violet. 

Col. J. Lyle Clark, Chief of Division. 

Twelve Aids. 

Music. 

Postoffice— No. 1, Baltimore Postoffice, nine wagons. 

Schools— 2, House of Refuge, mechanical department, ba- 



88 MEMOULVL VOLUME. 

rourlie, two liundred ou foot ; ;3, St. Marj^'s Industrial Scliool, 
sixteen wajrons; 4, Dr. Carpenter, ancient doctor and one of 
tlie present day; 5, Prof. Knapp's Institute, tableau, one wagon. 
Printei-s — 0, Herald Publishing Company, fifty men; 7, Globe 
Printing Company; 8, I. Friedenwald & Co., one wagon each; 
i», Torscli Bros., two wagons; 10, Thomas & Evans; 11, James 
Young, one wagon each. Lithograxjher — 12, A. Iloen & Co., 
one wagon. Stationei-s — 13, Kossmaessler tt Morf ; 14, Guggen- 
heimer & Weil, one wagon each. Music dealer — 15, George 
A\'illig, one wagon. Bookbinder — 1(J, Dell & Knapp, one 
wagon. Paperhangers — 17, George Eckliardt; IS, Aug. Ilan- 
geinuhle; 10, George Eluliardt, one wagon eacli. Fancy 
Paper — 20, F. P. Reisinger, one wagon. Goldbeaters — 21, 
John Gechter ; 22, Charles H. Hamill & Co. ; 2.3, A. Deupert, 
one wagon eadi. Plated "Ware — 24, Messrs. Hawkins & Ruskel, 
Englisli Tally-IIo Coach. Straw (!oods — 2'), Wilson it Perry, 
one wagon. Kid Ciloves and Hair — 20, Martin Emerich, one 
wagon. Dry Goods — 27, Ross, Campbell & Co.; 28, Rosenthal 
& Co., one wagon each. Hosiery — 29, L. Felber tt Co., two 
wagons; 30, L. Felber, one wagon. Hatter — 31, Snow <t' Co., 
one wagon. Gents' Fm-nishing — 32, Linton & Kirwan, one 
Avagon. Shirts — 33, R. Adams; 34, S. Fleischman; 35, Du- 
breuil Bros., one wagon each. Carpets — 36, I^orenz Weber; 
37, A\^ T. Dunbracco, one wagon each ; 38, Schoenewolf, four 
wagons; 39, J. S. Griffith ct Co., three wagons. Music. Tailors 
and Clotliiers — 40, Custom tailoi-s, one barouche and eighty 
men on foot, two Avagons; 41, F. W. Oehm; 42, Peter Blank- 
ner, one wagon each ; 43, Rosenfeld Bros., ten wagons ; 44, 
Strasburger & Son; 45, K. Frank & Bro., two wagons each. 
Shrinker — 40, Joseph Ranft tt Sons, one wagon. Umbrellas — 
47, C. Iv Beehler, one wagon. Ruffling — 48, Ph. F. (Jelirman 
tt Co., two wagons. Dyer — 49, Moritz Richter; 50, Wilcox it 
(Jil)bs, one wagon each. Cotton Mills — 51, Powhatan Cotton 
Mills, three wagons; 52, Savage Cotton Mills, one wagon; 53, 
Oakum l-'actory of Canton, two hundred men on foot. Paper 
Boxes and Pajier — 54, Smith, Dixon it Co., three wagons; 55, 
Youse and Cohen, one wagon. Tobacco — 50, Becker Bros., 
four wagons; 57, Joesting I>ros. ; 58, L. II. Newdecker; 59, 
PachoUler it Biiniberger; OO, D. II. it L. V. :Miller; (il, J. 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 80 

Abbott; G2, Jones Ellis; 63, Y. P. Stone; G4, E. A. Maul; 05, 
J. Herman; 66, Kawlings & Co.; 67, Johnson & Davis; 68, 
Wm. Seeger, one w-agon eacli ; 69, J. Fred. Lotz, two wagons ; 
70, Gail & Ax, five wagons. 



EIGHTH DIVISION. 

Colors — Indigo Blue. 
Col. Tlios. G. Hayes, Chief of Division. 
Twelve Aids. 
INIusic on Wagon. 
Butchers— No. 1, United Butchers' Association, three hun- 
dred men on horseback, six wagons; 2, Sheep Butchers and 
Wool Pulling Association, thirty barouches, eight wagons ; 3, 
Butchers' Pleasm-e Club, five barouches, one wagon; 4, George 
W. Barranger, one wagon, one ten-horse chariot; 5, Charles 
Blumhardt, three wagons, with music. Leather— 6, Shoe and 
Leather Board of Trade, six wagons; 7, United Leather 
Association; 8, Henry Linderman, one wagon each. Pork 
Packers— 9, P. T. George, two hundred and fifty men on foot 
and seven wagons; 10, S. C. Schafer, two wagons; 11, G. Cas- 
sard & Son, one wagon; 12, ^Y. P. Harvey & Sons, six wagons; 
13, Rienian Brothers & Co., one wagon. Hair Factories— 14, 
\y. Wilkens, twenty-five carriages and five wagons; 15, Fred. 
Walpert & Co. ; 16, G. N. Wiggers, one wagon each. Brushes— 
17, Renous, Kleinle & Co., one wagon. Upholsterers— 18, C. 
Sydney Norris & Co.; 19, Uriah A. Pollack, two wagons each; 
20, J. Frey; 21, Edeler Brothers, one wagon each. Lime, Hair 
and Cement— 22, Jacob Green, one wagon. Paints and Oils— 
23, G. N. Popplein, Jr. ; 24, Maryland White Lead Company ; 

25, Hirsliberg, Hollander & Co., one wagon each. Yarnish— 

26, Berry Brothers ; 27, R. H. Zuker, one wagon each. Gutta 
Percha— 28, W. H. Knight & Co., one wagon. ]\Iusic. Glass— 
29, Baker Brothers & Co., two hundred and fifty men on foot 
and four wagons, John Lang, marshal ; 30, Swindel Brothers, 
three wagons; 31, Riverside Glass Works, fifty men on foot 
and one wagon ; 32, H. Seim, glass works, one wagon ; 33, 
Haniill, Brown & Co., one hundred men on foot and five 



90 >li:.\l()l!IAL VOUMK. 

wagons; .31, Kdwiii Ik'imett, two wagons; .lo, James J'.. McNoal 
& Co. ; 3G, A. Young & Son, one wagon eacli. Soap — 37, Christ. 
Lipps; 38, C. Louis Dunlap, agent of Iliggins's Laundry Soap, 
two wagons each. Laundry — 3it, Empire Steam Laundry, one 
wagon. Street Lamps — 40, C. IL Nicolai. one wagon. 



NINTH DIA'ISION. 

Colors — (Jhucolate. 

CoL Cliarles McCann, Chief of Division. 

Twelve Aids. 

Mt. Pleasant P.and. 

Oyster and Fruit Packers — A. K. Shriver, marshal. — No. 1, 
Union Oyster Company ; 2, W. Numseu & Sons ; 3, Miller Bros, 
it Co.; 4, Tlios. J. Myer tt Co.; .'3, Piatt ct Co.; 6, .las. E. Stans- 
bury it Co.; 7, D. D. Mallory A: Co.; 8, J. S. Farren it Co.; 9, 
.1. Waltemeyer & Co.; 10, L. W. Counselman it Co.; 11, E. 
Schoenberg it Co.; 12, Oberndorf it Going; !•">, Kensett it Co.; 

14, .John (!. Kraft it Co.; 1-5, McGrath it Co; Kl, Ilemmingway 
it Co., one wagon each; 17, W. W. Boycr & Co., two wagons; 

15, E. W. Mallory & Co.; 19, C. S. Maltby it Co.; 20, O. \Y. 
Miller & Co.; 21, H. M. Rowe & Co.; 22, F. .\. Waider it Co.; 
23, A. Booth; 24, Evans, Day & Co.; 2-5, Hunt it Willing; 26, 
L. McMurray & Co.; 27, Moore <t Brady; 28, Hitchbock it Co.; 
29, Chas. Harrop; 30, Kagel it Gueder; 31, Griffith it Gilpin; 
32, E. J. Horn it Co.; 33, Flemming & Co.; 34, Van Lil Pre- 
sen'ing Company ; 35, P. J. Ritter, one wagon each ; 30, J. Wm. 
Ports, three wagons; 37, F. Schlegel, one wagon. Cider — 38, 
F. B. Carey, one wagon. Music. Canmakers — 39, .lohn O'Far- 
rell, fifty men and one wagon; 40, Lineweaver it Co., fifty men 
and one wagon; 41, M. Wagner it Co.; 42, Hall Bros.; 43, S. 
Rntli it Son; 44, Grillet & Mann; 4."), J. B. Hand, one wagon 
each ; 4fi, IT. TTrich it Co., two wagons. Tinware — 47, Keen it 
Ilagerty, four wagons; 48, Mattliai, Ingram it Co., four wagons; 
49, C. H. WillK-lm it Co., two wagons; .50, .1. H. C. Thirkel, one 
wagon; •")1, ^\'m. Grosskast it Co., three wagons; .52, Maryland 
Bathtub Comiiany, one wagon; 53, Wm. Pulh>r it Co., three 
wagons; 54, H. F. MuUer, two wagons. Water Coolers — 55, 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 01 

\A'ni. II. Randall, one wati;on. Leadwork — 5(;, IMercliants' Shot 
ToAver Co.; 57, IJaltiiuore Lead ^\'ol•k8, one waf»'(;n each. Arti- 
ficial Limbs — oS, I). Reinhard, one wagon. Music. Tlie 
Brewers of Baltimore, H. Von der Horst, marshal — 59, King 
(iambrinus with two pages and twenty aids; GO, H. Von der 
Horst; 61, J. F. Wiesner; 62, G. Bauernschmidt ; 63, George 
Brehm; 64, H. Strauss, Bro. & Bell; 65, J. Seeger; 66, Bauern- 
schmidt & Mahr; 67, Sol. Strauss; 68, John Boyd; 69, Jos. 
Schreier; 70, H. Eigenbrot ; 71, Guuther & Gehl ; 72, E. 
Hoenervogt; 73, F. Weber; 74, E. W. Stiefel; 75, F. Wunder; 
76, S. HelldoerfFer ; 77, F. Schlaffer; 78, T. M. Dukehart ; 79, 
L. Muth; 80, B. Berger; 81, Butterfield & Co.; 82, Mrs. Rost; 
83, M. Berger; 84, John Trust; 85, H. Werner; 86, Thos. Beck 
& Son; 87, Adler & Muhlheiser; 88, John Bauernschmidt; 89, 
John Schultheiss; 90, Bayview, one wagon each. Weis Beer — 
91, Jos. Schierlitz, one wagon. Coppersmiths — 92, H. J. Eller- 
brock; 93, John Hubert, one wagon each. Coopers — 94, J. W. 
Gilpin & Son, one wagon; 95, J. Bonday, Jr. & Co., two wagons; 
96, J. Houser & Co.; 97, F. Phau; 98, Wm. Schneider; 99, Geo. 
Kropp, one wagon each; 100, Gunpowder Waterworks, eight 
wagons; 101, pipes of ancient and present day, James Curran, 
water engineer. Well-Diggers— 102, A. L. Miller; 103, Andrew 
Coulter, one wagon each. Mineral Water— 104, A. S. Miles; 

105, C. L. INIay, three wagons each. Beer Bottlers. IMusic. 

106, A. von Mitzel, six wagons; 107, Staten Island Bottling 
Company, one wagon; 108, W. J. Wickham & Co., two wagons; 
109, Wm. Brandstaedter, one wagon; 110, Consolidated Com- 
pany, ten wagons ; 111, Maryland Bottling House; 112, Louis 
Kalling; 113, H. Dauterich, one wagon each; 114, H. R. El- 
bring, two wagons; 115, A. Snyder; 116, S. Chestnut & Co.; 
117, R. Armiger & Sons; 118, Thomas Marks, one wagon each. 
Refrigerators— 119, C. H. Roloson & Son, two wagons. IJquors — 
120, L. Goldheim, one wagon. Dairies— 121, Maryland Dairy; 
122, Olive Dairy; 123, Conrad Kraeter; 124, Roseland Farm 
Dairy; 12-5, Pearl Dairy; 126, Baltimore and Ohio ]\Iilkmen's 
Association ; 1 27, C. H. Loliman, one wagon each. Ice-Cream — 
128, S. L. McCulley, one wagon. Drugs— 129, Wm. H. Brown 
& Co.; 130, Louis Becker; 131, Stonebraker * Sons; ];!2, Dr. C. 
W. Benson; 133, Smith, Hanway & Co., one Avagon each; 134, 



92' MKMOlil.VI, Vt)r,U.ME. 

Lcof J'ros., two wagons; l.jo, Win. H. Read; 1:>(), Ilohnan Pad 
Company. IJarljcrs — 1:57, J. Gatto, one wagon; l."5S, II. Hart- 
wig, two Avagons. Kual Estate — l-"5!t, s. H. Hooper, one Nvagoii. 



TENTH J )I VISION. 

Colors — Fink. 

Col. Thomas J. McKaig, Chief of Division. 

Twelve Aids. 

Music. 

No. 1, Adams Express Company; 2, Mnllmyer & Hunter. 
Railways. Music. 3, Northern Central Kaihvay, three hun- 
dred and fifty men on foot and one wagon, James Coale and 8. 
\V. Hemorest, marshals ; 4, North Baltimore Passenger Rail- 
way Company, fifteen wagons. Carriages and ^^'agons — 5, 
Wm. and J. H. Leonhardt ; 6, John Albaugh ; 7, Henry S. Bell, 
of the Carriage and Toy Company ; S, Heimiller Bros. ; fi, 
fJeorge B. Colflesh ; 10, Gustav Glickman; 11, A. J. Kurtz; 12, 
T. D. Marshall, one wagon each ; 13, Charles Heesel ; 14, Fred. 
Ballard; 15, Dunn & Co., two wagons each. Blacksmiths — 1(>, 
John Kunkle & Sons; 17, F. Klnth ; 18, Hemy Roth; 19, J. L. 
Brooks, one wagon each; 20, H. Meisner, three wagons; 21, R. 
Edelman ; 22, H. C. Parrish, one wagon each. Iron Foundries 
— 23, A. Weiskittel & Son, two wagons ; 24, Eggling tt Harris, 
one wagon; 25, John "Waltz & Co.; 2G, Bartlett, Robbins A Co., 
two wagons each. Hardware — 27, C. J. Stewart it- Sons, one 
wagon. Edge Tools— 28, W. H. Kanne ; 29, Edward Clayford, 
one wagon each; 30, Union File Works, two wagons; 31, John 
R. Iludgins I't Co. ; 32, Charles Toland & Co., one wagon each. 
Lightning Rods — 33, John A. Ruth, one wagon. Gas Genera- 
tors — 34, Astral Manufacturing Company, one wagon; 35, C. 
M. Kemp, two wagons; 3(), Wm. F. I^ay it Co., one wagon, 37, 
Maryland Meter Works, two wagons. Machinists — 38, George 
Page it Co.; ;;9, John II. Buxton; 40, L. P. Clark & Son, one 
wagon each. Boilermakers — 41, C. Froehlich it Co., one 
wagon ; 42, Clark it Co., two wagons ; 43, Jas. Murray & Sons 
and Wm. Petit, four wagons; 44, Jas. J. Lazy it Co.; 45, E. J. 
Codd it Co., one wagon eacli. Safe and Iron M'orks— lH, L. H. 



ime:morial volujie. 93 

^Miller, one \ragon. Stoves — 47, S. A. ]\Iorgan, three wagons. 
Fire Brick — 48, Baltimore Terra-Cotta "\\'orks; 49, Biu-ns, 11ns- 
sell & Co., three wagons each. Galvanized Iron — 50, James 
Geddes & Co., four wagons ; 51, John G. Hetzell ; 52, Maryland 
Galvanic AYorks, one wagon each. Diver and Stevedore — 5;J, 
John S. Broom, one Avagon. Shipsmith — 54, Kobert Clark ; 55, 
Journeymen Ship-Joiners' Union; 56, South Baltimore Ship- 
smiths' Association, one wagon each. Elevator — 57, James 
Bates, one wagon. ]\Iusic. Steel and Iron — 58, S. G. Wiuter- 
nitz, eight wagons. Mantel Works — 59, Baltimore Mantel 
'\\'orks, one wagon. INlarble — GO, Hugh Sisson & Sons, tliree 
wagons; Gl, L. Hilgartner; 62, Chas. E. Ehman, one wagou 
each. Roofer — 6o, Granite Roofing Works, one wagon, (iranite 
Workers — 64, M. Gault & Son, one wagon. Agricultural Im- 
plements — 65, jNIaryland State Agricultural and Mechanical 
Association, five wagons ; iiij, Ashland Iron Works, one wagon ; 
67, A. tt A. G. Alford, one wagon; 68, L. H. Lee & Bro., eight 
Avagons ; 69, Joshua Thomas, four wagons ; 70, H. P. Underhill; 
71, E.Whitman & Sons, one wagon each; 72, A. L. Clayton; 7."], 
R. H. Clayton, two wagons each; 74, C. Aultman & Co., five 
wagons; 75, George Certel, Stump Extractor, wagon and 
niachine. Acids and Fertilizers — 76, Pambman, Bro. & Co.; 
77, Lorentz and Rittler, one wagon each; 78, Symington Bros., 
two wagons; 79, Chemical Company of Canton, four wagons. 
Bell Founder — 80, Hem-y McShane & Co., sixty men on foot, 
five wagons; 81, Regester & Sons, three wagons. Theatres — 
82, Front Street Theatre; 83, Holliday Street Theatre; 84, 
IMonumental Theatre — Uncle Tom's Cabin, one wagon each. 
Ice Exchange. Music. Grace Bumble, marshal. 85, Cochran 
A Co., three Avagons; 86, AVm. Oler & Co., two wagons; 87, J. 
Frederick & Son; 88, Church & Lary, one wagon each; 89, 
John Biemiller; 90, J. W. Duffy, two wagons each; 91, J. Scan- 
Ion ; 92, Hemy Weaver ; 93, C. Ferstermann, one wagon each ; 
94, Consumers' Ice Company, two wagons. Powder — 95, A. L. 
Webb it Son; 96, C. Schumacher, one wagon each. Axle 
Grease — 97, W. J. Finck & Co., one wagon. Cheese — 98, John 
Thomson & Co., one wagon. Coal and Wood — 99, H. Lange <t 
Sons, eight wagons; 100, George Iletz, tAvo wagons; 101, Carey 
& Co., one Avagon ; 102, Coal and Wood Association, four 



94 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

Avagoiis. IIorBes — 10.3, Josepli Friedburj,'er; KU, Louis Seltzer; 
1(1.')^ Charles l{ui)i>, one wagon each. Hay Dealei-s — 1U(J, 
(ieorge Ilubiier iV: Co.; 107, James A. Butt, one wagon each. 
Vetei-inary Surgery — lOX, C. W. Sprankling. Coal Oil and 
Lamps — luy, P. Bangert; llo, Fitzberger ; HI, Chris. Schaep- 
perle, one wagon each; 112, Ked C Oil Manufactory, two 
wagons. Stoves — 113, S. 13. Sexton ct Son, sixty men on foot, 
one wagon. Undertakers— 114, Blizzard it Sons, one wagon. 
I'aste — 115, Baltimore Steam I'aste I\Ianufacturing Company, 
one wagon. Insect Powder — IIG, John Koehler, two wagons. 
Junk Business — 117, A. McDonough, one wagon; 118, Kathau 
Frank & Sous, thi-ee wagon.s. City Sprinkler — 119, J. Erich, 
one wagon. 

The Third Division comprised the German singing socie- 
ties and many of the other German organizations which had 
been most active and energetic in getting up the great cele- 
bi-ation. The tableau of Apollo and the ISIuses was most 
effectively rendered. Apollo, represented by Prof. Koden- 
maj'er, was seated on a high throne, placed above a raised 
pedestal, and on stei)s below the throne were nine young 
ladies dressed as the nine Muses. Apollo was richly attired 
in white robes, bordered with purple, and on liis right knee 
was the lyre of gold. The Muses were clad in loose robes of 
flowing white, Avith white powdered wigs, showing in fine 
relief the fresh and fair young faces. Each held in her hand 
the emblem symbolical of the Muse represented, and around 
the base of the platform were shields bearing tlie names of 
the German singiiig societies in the line. The throne and 
pedestal were painted white and richly ornamented with 
gilding. The tableau was carried in a wagon drawn by six 
black horses, decorated with plumes and led by two grooms. 
All the arrangements of the tableau were strictly classical, 
and the contrast of colors striking. The robes and drapery of 
the car were of the most costly material, velvets, silks and 
.-^atin being freely used. The Avhole was admirable. 

The committee under Avhose sui)ervision the tableau was 
arranged were ^^'m. Fuchs, Chas. Kaiser and Chas. Fisher. It 
was gotten u]) at the expense of all the societies jointly. 
Representatives of the IJaltimore Liederkranz, .Vrion, liar- 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 95 

monie, Germania Wjenueirlior Singing Section, Fiflolio Qnar- 
tette Club, Beethoven Maennerclior, P'uterpe and (ienuaMia 
ISIaennerclior, being tlie ditt'erent ringing societies, took their 
places in the procession, while the other members of the 
societies, to the number of five hundred, with badges and 
banners, joined the procession on foot at the Concordia Opera 
House on F.utaw street. They carried handsome banners of 
each society, with badges, and made a fine appearance. The 
Germania jNIaennerclior Society had sixty barouches of mem- 
bers and three wagons. 

Much the largest body in the Third Division, and one of 
the most striking in the whole line, was the United Horse- 
shoers of Baltimore, who had about three hundred men 
present. They were preceded by the Westminster Band of 
fifteen musicians. Marshal Edward G. Barron and twenty- 
five members were mounted. The journeymen horseshoers 
followed on foot, liehind them was a wagon drawn by four 
horses, handsomely decorated. Tlie interior of the wagon was 
fitted up with anvil, furnace, bellows and all the tools of the 
craft, and several sturdy smiths kept the anvil ringing and 
the hammers clanging on their -way through the streets. The 
wagon was adorned with shields bearing the State coat-of- 
arms and numbers of flags. Four barouches, with members, 
followed tliis wagon. Over the first barouche was a giant 
horseshoe, emblem of any amount of good luck, inside which 
the coat-of-arms of Maryland was displayed. Another wagon, 
also profusely decorated, carried eight men busily working at 
a furnace. 

Noticeable in the line of the Fourth Division was the Haru- 
gari Society, displaying a tableau emblematic of the order. 
This was mounted on a large wagon, bearing the device, 
"Friendship, Humanity and Love." A large cedar tree was 
erected on this vehicle, with a banner nestling amid its 
foliage. Seated under the tree in front of the banner was the 
old Harugari, apparently long a centenarian, dressed in black 
robes, his liair and beard white as snow and streaming over 
his venerable shoulders. By him, one on each side, were 
seated his two bards, also with white streaming hair, but clad 
in snow-white garments. Harugari was personated by J<>hn 



96 Mi;.M()l!IAL Vol.lMK. 

Schmidt, antl the bards ])y Jacob Sceler and Wm. Peters. Ten 
little fiirls in imre white dresses assisted in the tableau. Mar- 
t^aret Fredericdv represcMited CJeriuany, the order being alto- 
gether confined to CJernians, and the others bore devices repre- 
senting different lodges of the order. The tableau was quite 
effective, altliougli somewhat mysterious to the uninitiated, 
and leaving a wide scope for imagination as to its true mean- 
ing. Ab(nit two hmidred and fifty members of the order 
followed in procession, with banners and regalia, uiidrr Caiit. 
Jolin Kan, marshal. 

A novel and imposing i^art of the parade was that of the 
Black Knights in their sombre-colored but ricli uniform. 
Twelve kniglits, with H. Geuman, marslial, were on horse- 
back. Their sabk? uniforms were set off by capes falling to 
the waist, the colors of wliich were relieved by gold lace 
trimming around the collars, and also by red plumes with 
white tips in the chapeaux. In a barouche were several offi- 
cers of the association, among whom was " Old Father Gray- 
beard," impersonating some secret officer. A long false white 
beard and a crook were the accessories employed to produce 
tlie ettect desired. About forty knights on foot followed the 
carriage. In the rear was a knight crowned and armed, at- 
tendtnl by two other knights carrying lances. 

The Barbers' Beneficial Association, G. F. Robelin, marshal, 
and fifty men^bers, had a well-decorated wagon, fitted up in a 
most amusing manner. The wagon was ornamented witli 
strijjes and stai"s and colored glass globes; on one side a liuge 
razor hung out equal to the toilet of Goliah of Gath, and in 
front was a razor made of wood. Inside the wagon was a 
table on which were scent bottles, brushes, and all that was 
necessary to make a barber shop on wheels. 

In the Fifth Division the manufacturing industries of Bal- 
timore began their remarkable display. The order and 
arrangement were very good, and the effect was startling 
for its variety and its suggestions of ingenuity, contrivance, 
apjdied .science and extensive use of improved machinery. It 
began with bread and flour in nil their forms at the head of 
tlie line. The bakers, the niillcrs. the dealers in feed and 
yeast all came in here, and there was a suggestion of I'>;ilti- 



MEJIOUIAL VOLUIME. 97 

more's ancient supremacy in the world's flour market in 
Charles A. CJambrill & C'o.'s reminder that the I'atapsco flour 
mills, at Ellicotts' City, were established more than a hundri'd 
years ago, in 1774. Then came the grocers, the dealers in salt, 
tea, &c. Messrs. Martin (iillet & Co., one of the oldest import- 
ing houses in the country, had a Japanese junk in line, labeled 
" He-Xo," and manned by natives of the Eastern island king- 
dom. The junk was decorated with canopies and streamers, 
it had a dragon-like prow, and was a fac simile of the real 
Japanese " sampan." 

In the Sixth Division the wagons and employes of Mr. 
Otto Duker gave illustrations of the practical part of their 
business, sawing timber, planing, making sash, framing, all 
by steam power. There was a picture showing the hand in 
1730 cutting fifty feet of lumber per day, with its reverse, the 
hand of 1880 turning off ten thousand feet. Many of the 
firms in this part of the line had models of their places of 
business or miniature representations of their style of work, 
while all exhibited choice samples of what they had done 
and could do. The display of the pianomakers was a very 
handsome one. The firm of Wm. Knabe & Co. exhibited a 
harpsichord of 1789, made by Burkat, of London, for Charles 
Carroll of Carrolton. This was thrown into contrast with a 
Knabe grand piano of 1880. Stieff showed, alongside of his 
new instrument, an Amsterdam piano of 1743. 

The Baltimore Postoffice headed the line in the Seventh 
Division. J. W. Harris, attired in old-style coat, leggins and 
broad-brimmed hat, with gray wig, and moimted on a horse, 
Avith saddle-bags, represented the mail of 1730. A one- 
horse chaise, with the mail-bag strapped behind, and driven 
by J. S. German, represented the mail of 1775. Next came 
the Concord mail-coach, brought over from "Washington for 
the occasion. It was drawn by four horses, and inside on the 
three seats were S. J. Edward, M. F. Holland, George B. Jean, 
George D. Sears and John B. Harman, employes of the post- 
office. Four armed soldiers, dressed as Continentals, with the 
mail-tender and driver, were on top, as were the mail-bags. 
On the rear were strapped trunks, big and little. This repre- 
sented the mail of 1800, and truly looked it. Following this 



98 MEMORIAI- VOLUME. 

was a wagon representing Progress, bearing on each side pic- 
tures of the post-rider of 17.}() and the post-inail service of 
1S8U. The mail wagons, six in number, followed, each with a 
postal railway mail service clerk lieside the driver. Harrison 
i'ark was in charge. The letter carriers, eighty in number, 
ill full winter uniform, under Capt. Hooper, assisted by J. M. 
IJicluirdson, followed, headed by Hoffman's Baud. Then fol- 
lowed a number of carriages. In the first were F. W. ('a.ssard, 
assistant postmaster; Capt. 15. F. Null, assistant superinten- 
dent ; J. J. Daugherty, superintendent money-order division, 
and Treasurer Gunnison. In the next were R. E. Pioyd, cliief 
clerk; \V. II. H. Sultzer, superintendent city delivery; M. L. 
I'orbes, superintendent of the registry division, and F. M. 
Smith, chief local agent. Another carriage contained 8. R. 
Smith, special agent Postoffice Department, Washington, and 
in charge of office delivery; R. W. (Jurley, superintendent free 
delivery service, Washington; M. S. Showacre, superintendent 
carriers' service, IJaltimore. Then came the following ex- 
postmasters of Paltimore: Gen. Edward Shriver, Dr. John 
Morris, W. II. Purnell and C T. Maddox. Jlr. James Lawren- 
son, the oldest clerk of the service, followed in a carriage. 

Following the postoffice display was that of the House of 
Refuge, <;en. (I. II. Steuart, marshal. It consisted of three car- 
riages, containing the officers of the board and superintendent, 
and wagons containing the band of the institution, W. H. Xix- 
son, leader, representations of the different working depart- 
ments and boys Avorking. The shoe department was on a 
four-horse truck, decorated. One of the boys, attired in the 
costume of 1700, represented the style of shoemaking of that 
day ; machinery and boys at Avork making shoes showed the 
improved methods of the present day. The boys of the sevei~al 
departments of the institution on foot, accompanied by officers, 
marched by foui-s and by battalions, and presented a very 
neat appearance in their gray suits and caps. The small 
boys who were unable to stand the strain of such a long 
march, were in decorated wagons, one of which had a sewing 
machine to represent how the little fellows made themselves 
useful. A ]ilatform watron, decorati'd and carrying vegetables, 
iS:c., had upon it the boys who worked in tin' horticultural 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 



99 



aepartiuouts. The basket department was on a large wagon, 
witli many of the boys engaged making wicker-work. Tlie 
tailoring department, represented on another large wagon, also 
had a nnmber of boys at work. The pearl-button department, 
on a four-horse truck, with boys at Avork, also made a fine 
display. The officers of the board in the display were Dr. J. 
J. Graves, president; \V. ^¥. Spence, vice-president; ^^'. H. 
Graham, treasurer ; Wm. Reynolds, secretary, and L. A. liirely 
and Robert KirkAvood, superintendents. 

In the line of the printers, who mustered strongly, Frieden- 
Avald & Co. showed a uniciue design, an immense book, sixteen 
feet by twenty, and four feet thick (mastodon folio) sur- 
mounted by girl compositors, a printing press, a case of type 
and a bust of Franklin. Hoen & Co., the lithographers, pro- 
duced, very literally, a rock which spoke in trumpet tones — 
as if their stone engraving Avere a wine which needed any 
bush. In the neAV manufacturing branch of plated Avare and 
electroplating, the dainty exhibit of Ilamill it Co. attracted 
much attention. C. W. Ilamill, head of the firm, marched in 
front of his thirty-four employes, Avho wore black suits, hats 
and buff gloves, and badges of old gold. On an oval-shaped 
table, thirty-six by sixty inches, mounted on a Avagon, a large 
epergne, thirty-six inches high, occupied the centre, Avith four 
arms extending tAA-elve inches from the central bowl, Avhich 
AA-as gold-lined, and sixteen inches in diameter. Each arm 
held a gold-lined boAvl, ten inches in diameter. The piece 
was supported by a large round base, at the top of which Avere 
four gold dolphins, driven by winged cupids. In front AA-as 
an unique dessert set, with three serA-ice A'essels, around the 
centre piece of chased repousse, on the base of AAiiich were 
three sAvans. There were also three other pieces— ice-pitclier, 
soup bowl and tureen, of chased repousse. In the rear AA'as 
a large tilting ice-pitcher, lined Avith gold, Avith cups and 
ice-boAvl. 

In the Eighth Division the right of the line was held by 
the butchers, under their marshal, Mr. Tegges. There were 
six hundi-ed of these in line, on horseback, riding in divisions 
according to the color of their horses, the members of their 
different associations folloAving in barouches. The display of 



100 MKMOIUAL V()LUME. 

tlie oyster and fruit cauuers and iiackers was comnien«iu-ate 
with the inoportions of those kuiding Ikiltiniore industries. 
Jt doubtless must liave surprised many persons to see wliat 
varied and artistic forms sueh simple objects as the packatces 
in whicli these goods come to market can he arran.ired in. 
The Daltimore brewers and uialsters marched with Kinj? 
Gambrinus in their van. His rubicund majesty (personated 
by Mr. Charles Sclireiner) was attired, as became sucli a 
monarch, in royal purple, and there was a courtly air about 
him and his suite which reminded one of Longfellow's picture 
of the Ivhine : " If I were a German, T would be proud of it 
too ; and of the clustering grapes that hang about its temples, 
as it reels onward through vineyards in a triumphal march, 
like Bacchus croAvned and drunken." The tableau of the 
beer-garden wedding, "the union of hops and barley," was 
rather too broad and unctuous in its style, perhaps, to suit 
American tastes. It had a smack of Robert Burns' "John 
Barleycorn " about it. 

All this part of the procession was filled with the best of 
all tahleaitx-vifants — the trades at their actual work, and an 
immense ingenuity was exercised in perfecting these dis- 
plays f-o as to compress sometimes all the operations of a 
great workshop within the space afforded by the breadth and 
length of a dining-room table. Even the heavy workers in 
stone and metal contrived to shoAV their Avays of labor. Iron 
was forged on actual anvils; marble was cut and sculptured; 
boiler-nuiking and riveting, horseshoe nail making, file cut- 
ting, wheelwright work, all were done in the line of inarch 
and Avhile the i)rocession was in motion. It was the sense of 
reality pervading a highly idealized tribute which these 
things gave that contributed so much to the public's enjoy- 
ment of this monster procession. 

It was far too long to tell about in minute detail, with the 
separate mention of everj' feature. The eye indeed could not 
take in the tenth part of all the great display. It was forced 
to turn away for rest. Night closed in before the streets were 
cleared of the detached portions of the procession, making 
their way to different sections of the city. A part of the 
parade made no attempt to reach the Schuetzen Park, where 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 101 

the exercises were beiii^ lield. It would have been folly for 
them to attempt it, since the place could not accommodate 
them. The weary spectators who went home after the spec- 
tacle were too tired to talk about it ; but they had seen 
enough to fill their thoughts and imaginations for many 
months and to give them food for conversation that is not yet 
exhausted. 



CHAPTER FIFTH. 

Till' OradoiiM— Scliiict/.i'ii I'ark iiiid llio Ilistoric-sil Society. 

n^HE programme officially promulgated fur tlio fii-st day's 
J^ performances in the great municipal fete — a programme 
so closely adhered to as to demonstrate effectively the com- 
pleteness with wliich those in charge had considered and pro- 
vided for every arrangement, down to the very miimtest 
detail — jirescribed first tlie illustrative and historical proces- 
sion; next, the celebration in Schuetzen Park; third, the gen- 
eral illumination; fourth, (incidentally), the addi-ess before 
the Maryland Historical Society by Mr. John Austin Stevens, 
of New York, on " The Surrender of Yorktown." 

The route of the procession was from Broadway to Balti- 
more street, thence west to South street; .south to Pratt street; 
west to Eutaw street ; north to Lombard street ; west to Fre- 
mont street; northwest to Baltimore street; east to luitaw 
street; north to ^Madison street; east to Charles street and 
around Washington's monument ; west by ^lonument street to 
Howard street; south to Baltimore street; east to Calvert 
street ; north, around Battle iMonument, to Lexington street ; 
east to Holliday street; south to Fayette street; east to Gay 
street, then northeast by Gay, Biddle and AVashingtou streets 
and Belair avenue to the Schuetzen Park. 

This park, a beautiful site in the northeastern suburbs, 
the private property of the Schuetzen Association, had been 
selected for tlie performances by the German societies before 
it became apparent that the celebration was to assume such 
liberal proportions. In the final arrangements the selection 
was cheerfully acquiesced in, as being proper in itself and a 
com])liment deserved 1>y those who had been so active in pro- 
moting the Festival. The park was handsomely decorated, a 
stand for speakers and for music was erected and every prep- 
aration made for entertaining the enormous crowd. It Avas 



memouluj volume. 103 

understood, from the first, that the Schuetzen Park could not 
afford room for a tenth part of the great industrial procession, 
and a great proportion of it began to file off to the right and 
the left long before the park was reached. In spite of this 
there was a vast multitude present, both of societies and indi- 
viduals, and the enormous space was quite as full as was 
comfortable. 

The exercises were set for half past three o'clock by the 
programme, but in fact did not begin until about an liour 
later. At that time, the procession having filed in and filled 
the space fronting the stand erected in face of " the Adminis- 
tration building," the German choral societies, the Germania 
llaennerchor, the Liederla-anz, the Arion, the Concordia jNIsen- 
nerchor, the Ilarmonie, the Beethoven and the Fidelio Quar- 
tette Club, marched to the stand. When they arrived, the 
Fifth Regiment Band, wliich was in attendance, performed 
Meyerbeer's Coronation March, led by Prof. H. Hammer. 
Eev. Dr. George Armistead Leakin thereupon offered up the 
following 



Almighty God, whose days are without end, and whose 
mercies cannot be numbered ; in Whom we live, and move, 
and have our being, we adore Thy goodness and revere Thy 
Majesty. 

On this Birthday of our City we commemorate Thy Provi- 
dence leading us safely through all vicissitudes and making 
the wilderness blossom as the rose. 

We dedicate this Festal Jubilee as a monument of Thy love 
and we pause in our varied occupations to thank Thee for the 
past and implore Thy blessing on the future. 

May the festivities begun this day be crowned with pleasure 
without interruption and recreation without excess. 

" We have heard with our ears, O God, our fathers have 
told us what work Thou didst in their days, in the times of 
old," and now we would bequeath to latest generations the 
privileges we enjoy : an unstained public credit, liberty regu- 
lated by law, and, above all, " Thy service which is perfect 
freedom." 



104 MEJIOUIAL VOLUME. 

Thou gavest the power of thought : To Thee our thoughts 
ascend. From Thee lias come the impulse of irnititude : To 
Thee our love returns its warmest praise. Thou sustainest 
that memory which reveals the past : AVe remember Thee 
who hast crowned that past with mercy and loving kindness. 
From Thee our faculty of speech is derived : Our voices this 
day return to Thee their noblest expression. 

And as we welcome the stranger and exchange congratula- 
tions with friends and fellow-citizens beyond the sea, we 
gladly communicate with Thyself, ever present and respon- 
sive to tlio children of Thy love. 

We gratefully remember those benefactors who have given 
to our city, institutions of learning and hospitals of relief, and 
we also thank Thee for the thousands known to Thyself who 
have faithfully performed their duties as citizens and left to 
tkeir families and to this comuumity unsullied reputations. 

Surrounded by these witnesses, may our citizens find a fresh 
incentive to ])atient, honorable exertion, and derive from this 
anniversary higher asjiirations. 

Bless our Judges, our Legislative and Executive Officers, 
with Thy support, that remembering their trust from Thee 
they may i)nnish wickedness and vice, and maintain Thy true 
religion and virtue. 

From the temples of religion let doctrine, combined with 
example, purify and elevate the community. May the con- 
ductors of om* iniblic press realize the iniluence they exert on 
our homes, and find in the diffusion of right principles their 
surest success; and may the officers and teachers of our public 
and private schools strive to mould characters which shall 
last when statues crumble and decorations fade. 

We know not what new fields science may explore, art de- 
velope, or invention suggest, but we gladly welcome their 
advance, assured that their highest ascent shall herald Thy 
glory and man's happiness. 

We know not what political changes may mark our future 
history, but we know from the past that if Thou keep the city 
we shall repose in safety, and the veiy storms shall evoke 
and illustrate Thy pauseless care. 



iMEMURIAL VOLUME. 105 

And when time shall bring another anniversary ; when the 
places of this multitude shall be filled by our children's 
children, may they recur to this day and our example with 
unalloyed satisfaction, and may their material prosperity be 
excelled only by their love for Thee and harmony with each 
other. 

We present our adorations in His name, Who lias taught us 
the prayer of Ages : 

" Our Father, Who art in Heaven, hallowed he Thy name, 
Thy Kingdom come, Thy will he done on earth as it is in. 
Heaven, give us tJiis day our daily bread, and forgive us 
our trespasses, as tee forgive those toho trespass against us, 
and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil, 
for Thine is the Kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for 
ever and ever : Amen. 

The prayer was received in silence and with respectful 
attention by the hitherto noisy multitude, which was taking 
the refreshments of the park in the sedate way belonging to 
Gennan assemblages. After the prayer the combined singing 
societies rendered the Ossian chorus of Beschnitt in an effec- 
tive style. At its close the male chorus sang "The Star- 
Spangled Banner," with full orchestral accompaniment, in the 
most enthusiastic manner, nearly the whole immense audi- 
ence taking part in the refrain. When the emotions awakened 
by this sterling performance had subsided, Col. J. Thomas 
Scharf came to the front of the stand and delivered his ora- 
tion on " The Rise, Progress and Development of Baltimore," 
as follows : 

COL. schaef's oration. 

"This city has come of age. To-day we celebrate its 
majority. To-day, and all this week, with fond hearts, with 
eager minds, with the pride of relationship and the affection 
of children meeting at their parents' knees and looking 
fondly up into a mother's face, we dedicate and consecrate to 
the festival of Baltimore's natal horn-, to the celebration of 
our city's arrival at matured strength and virile growth. Bal- 
timore has come of age and enters into the possession of her 
inheritance. The landmarks of that great estate are all 



106 MEMOIUAL VOLUME. 

around us; its monuments are perspicuous to every eye, but 
no vision, however cramped by en\y, however strained by 
le^ritiniate expectation, can comi)ass the bounds of that free- 
hold as they are set out bold and wide upon the illimitable 
bordei-s of the futm-e 

" Whose margin fades 
Forever and forever as we move." 

Baltimore has come of age, yet some of those here, who now 
proudly do homage to this hour of its manhood, were witnes- 
ses of its vigorous expansion in youth, of its active struggles 
in infancy. For we are not an old city, in spite of all our 
lusty growth. Our span of existence does not outrun the 
compass of two natural lives that have filled the Psalmist's 
limits — seven score and ten years only we have lived — one 
hundred and fifty years and no more is Baltimore's age, yet 
we declare her full-grown — able to stand alone and prudently 
to manage this large inheritance. 

Yes, my friends, all who hear me, all who have witnessed 
this day's great pageantry, will unite with me in declaring 
that Baltimore has como of age. The lives of cities vary: 
some mushroom figments spring to ripeness like Jonah's 
gourd, in the brief months of a single season ; some are still 
infants at a thousand years ; some are babies ever, perennially 
out to nurse. But Baltimore to day is full-grown. I call to 
witness her scars received in battle, and the tall and shapely 
monuments that commemorate heroic deeds and sufferings 
still more heroic ; 1 call to witness her liberal proportions and 
serene and smiling dignity ; the respect that she feels for her- 
self and the honor that is accoi-ded her among nations; I call 
to witness her achievements in industry, in science and in art, 
at the 1)ar and in the forum, her commerce on every sea, her 
charities that touch all lands; f call to witness the memories 
of a distinguished past, the swelling glories of a pro.sperous 
present, the grand promises of an exhaustless future; I call to 
witness this day's scene and all its varied jjomps and magnifi- 
cent displays — this loftiest of all the monuments yet erected 
in this Aronumental City — I call all these to witness that Bal- 
tiuK^re is c()iu(> of age! 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 107 

Full grown, lartve and shapely ; clear in vision and correct 
of tliou.u-lit ; wisely planning, slow to offense, vigorous in de- 
fense ; brain well adorned and amply furnished ; hands deft 
and skillful and not ashamed of labor; this is our stature 
to-day, the virility of matured youth, unbrowned by the cares 
of middle life, unbent by the stooping declension of old age- 
strong enough to wrestle with and overthrow each rival, yet 
young enough to yield to them that deference which modest 
youth pays to the seniors and elders. For large as we are, 
Baltimore is still the youngest of all the commercial cities of 
the Atlantic seaboard— a mere child to hoary patriarchs like 
Saint Augustine and Quebec and Montreal; the junior of 
New York by one hundred and sixteen years, of Boston by 
one hundred years, of Charleston and Philadelphia by fifty 
years. We are younger than New Orleans and Newport; 
Kichmond and Norfolk overtop us many years, and as for 
venerable Annapolis, that ancient beau among the cities 
already wore periwigs and sported its gold-head cane and 
diamond-studded snuff-box before Baltimore had put on 
swaddling clothes. 

A crowded youth these one hundred and fifty brief years of 
Baltimore have been, vicissitude and achievement compressed 
equal measure into a blaze of vigorous noble life. Think of 
it all, fellow-citizens, and be glad and proud, exult in the 
glory'of the present, bend reverently before the memories of 
the past. The Heaven that planted our beloved city upon 
these auspicious shores bestowed upon it men with strong 
hands to improve that plantation, with stout hearts to defend 
the borders they embellished. By the memories of that past, 
by our veneration for those generous and noble founders, do 
we feel assured the gates of the future open inimitably before 
us. We can be certain of Baltimore's perpetuity, because we 
know that she has bred immortal men. The habit of their 
eagle eyes has taught us unwinking to stare upon the sun. 

One hundred and fifty years ago— how brief a page to 
turn!- this Baltimore of ours possessed sixty acres of ground, 
worth forty shillings per acre in Marjdand currency. Nine- 
teen hogsheads of low-priced tobacco, free on board ship, 
would have bought the whole tract. There was one ship that 



108 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

came to these waters ouco a year, from London or Bristol. 
Tliere were three dwellinji: houses here, a mill on Jones' Falls, 
some tobacco liouses and barns, one wayside tavern perhaps, 
an orchard or two, some middling fertile patches of ground, 
and in the whole county-side, about a population of forty- 
three people, all told. That was our beginning I From that 
small seed this goodly sheaf of ripening corn has sprung, a 
harvest for the nations. 

The seed soon began to sprout and send up shoots. In 
17!;»G-''J7, when Baltimore was incorporated, its commerce ex- 
ceeded that of Boston ; its exports wei-e worth more than 
§12,000,000 a year; it owned one hundred vessels of 1:5,000 
tons, and its annual shipping amomited to 60,000 tons. Its 
population was already over 25,000; there were 3,500 houses; 
there were sixty merchant mills near by, with numerous other 
manufactures, and, as the New England geographer confessed, 
our city contained "a larger proportion of men of wealth 
and probity in commercial affairs than any of the seaport 
towns," and its exports were greater in proportion to its pop- 
ulation than those of either Philadelphia or New York. 
When the city celebrated its first centennial, in 1829, the 
population had increased to 80,000 and the area to 9,300 acres. 
Now, in 1880, in the same area, Baltimore has 330,000 people, 
in addition to 40,000 whom she lends to Baltimore county, 
without getting a thank ye for them, much less the legal in- 
terest which such a loan should earn. All this in a century 
and a half — all this growth, all this expansion, all this- 
development — 

" The seed, 

The little 8eed they laughed at in the dark 

Has risen and clcfl the soil, and grown a hulk 

Of spanless girth, that laj-s on every side 

A thousand arms and rushes to the sun." 

There must be a reason for such a growtli. There mu.*t be 
a cause in the subject itself for all tliis vital energy, all this 
tremendous expansion, all this constant upward whii-l of sym- 
metrical development. That cause, which has inspired the 
rise, progress and development of Baltimore, is tliree-fold; it 
is to be sought in the location of this city, the men who 
seized upon and utilized that site, and tlie institutions which 



MEMOUIAL VOLUME. 109 

tliey moulded for our government and guidance. Site, men, 
institutions — upon tliat tripod tlie glory and greatness of 
Baltimore have been erected, and while these foundations 
rest nothing can ever shake the arch or unsettle tlie sux)er- 
structure; Avhile these rest the earth may quake, the winds 
blow and the floods come, but all in vain, for our house is 
built upon a rock, held to the solid centre of things by 
anchors of. adamant and links of steel. 

Let us not imitate those wlio are disposed to make light of 
the judgment which planted a city on this very spot. They 
builded better than tliey knew, it is higlily probable, but Ave 
cannot too higlily praise their unconscious wisdom. There 
are grumblers who are even discontent with such a site, who 
would have us, as Norfolk is, at one end of this Chesapeake 
bay — this ISIediterranean of America — instead of at the other; 
who would prefer us to be on bold water, and bounded by east 
winds and Newfoundland fogs, like Boston, or sandwiched 
and flattened out between two rivers, a second New York, or 
above the head of tide, like Philadelphia. There are some 
unreasonable cavillers among us who regret that Baltimore 
was not founded on Moale's Point, or "Whetstone Point, that 
It does not lie upon the Spring Gardens, or climb those bolus- 
hued slopes of Anne Arundel, which continue to be the berry- 
pickers' joy. There are even those who make light of the 
turbulent floods of Jones' Falls, and are disposed to turn up 
their noses at the basin! It is well for us that these cari^ing 
and railing critics did not have the planting of Baltimore. 

Let us not contemn our debts to nature. Let us not forget 
that four Baltiinores were established and only one survived ; 
that fifty hopeful cities started in tlie race to become the 
metroi)olis of ^Maryland, and only one has reached the goal. 
Nor was it chance or accident that did this, but, on the con- 
trary, the nice discrimination of the founders who planted 
Baltimore, as Tyre and Alexandria were planted, at tlie head 
of the inland sea which combined the shortest land route 
with a favorable sea route between "East and West — the point 
where the Atlantic ocean pierces nearest to the heart of the 
continent — Avliere North meets South, and both fraternize and 
affiliate ; where climate and rainfall are most erpiable. Here, 



no .ML.MolM.Vh VolA.Mi:. 

where likewise tide and I'l-csli water meet, the basin gave our 
little shipping its needed snug harbor, and Jones' Falls sup- 
plied water-power for milling. 

Baltimore, let us comprehend, was born in a comiiromise, 
was the symbol and the product also of a transition. At tliis 
X)oint, in the planting of this city, not only did fishermen 
shake hands with farmer, as the Maryland coat-of-arms sym- 
bolizes, but also the backwoodsman and the oysterman here 
had their mutual mart, tlie miller of the I'atapsco supplied 
the wants and bought the i)eltries of the trapper of the 
Susquehanna, the Shenandoali and the Youghiogheny, and 
deacons in New England and fox hunters in the valley of 
Virginia equally found tlie town on the I'atapsco to be their 
cheapest common market. The deacons were better traders 
than the fox hunters, but both knew where to come for their 
supplies. 

The importance of the site of Baltimore must, therefore, 
not be despised. It was the medium of climates, the com- 
promise of latitudes, the tertium quid of frost and tropics. 
But these characteristics were later discoveries, and it is 
important to understand how the nascent metropolis held 
its own while these various qualities were becoming to be 
appreciated. How did Baltimore forge ahead of all its rivals 
on the Chesapeake and its tributaries; ahead of Georgetown 
on the I'otomac, of Annapolis, of Oxford, of C'harlestown on 
the North-East, of Joppa on the Gunpowder? How did it 
hold its own while its communications with the "back coun- 
try" were being gradually opened? I believe fully that Bal- 
timore owes its final victory to the fact that it was started 
here on this very site, on the North Branch of the I'atapsco, 
on the basin, and at the mouth of Jones' Falls. Georgetown 
had the water-fall, the flouring mills, the back country, the 
fisheries, the tobacco, the trade with Europe and the Indies. 
But Georgetown did not have the natural liarbor, the unex- 
ampled early facilities for cheapening transportation which 
our basin and its docks gave to the first merchants, nor was it 
so near to broad water. Annapolis had the luirbor, but did 
not have the back comitry nor the mills. C'harlestown had the 
ore-beds and fouiulries that Baltimore would liave found on 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. Ill 

tlie Middle Branch, but lacked tlie mills and liarbor. Joppa 
liad neither Jones' Falls nor tlie basin — it was but a road- 
stead on a river. 

Tlie advantages wbicli Baltimore had in its site are, there- 
fore, obvious and manifold ; its situation at the head of navi- 
gation on the Chesapeake bay gave our city its continental 
advantages, which it will ever maintain over all its rivals on 
the Atlantic seaboard ; its relative place on the bay gave it 
advantages over its Chesapeake rivals, and these advantages 
were clinched and crystallized to Baltimore's use by the posi- 
tion of the basin and Jones' Falls to the harbor. The basin 
did for Baltimore what the Golden Horn did for Constanti- 
nople — it determined the existence of a city at that point ; it 
afforded to the shipping of the day a sufficient, safe, snug 
harbor; it facilitated and cheapened transportation. Just as 
to-day the fact of Baltimore's terminal facilities and short 
lines, by giving it an advantage of half a cent a bushel over 
New York, determines the delivery liere of thirty or forty 
millions of bushels of grain which we would not otherwise 
get, so in the first thirty years of the city's existence the New 
England, the back country and the West Indies trade centered 
here and defied the rival interests of tobacco, because the 
basin enabled the merchants of the day to provide safe 
harbor and cheap transportation. 

From the beginning until now, therefore, the story is con- 
sistently the same. The superiority of the site of Baltimore 
over all rivals, past and present and to come, resolves itself 
into the single formula of superior facilities for cheap and 
rapid transportation. That is the nucleus around which all 
our industries centre, and fronr which all our growth has pro- 
ceeded, by which all our conquests have been made. So long 
as we recognize the value of these advantages and maintain 
them sturdily, Baltimore can smile at rivalry and rejoice in 
competition. But maintain them we must as resolutely as 
those old merchants did in the past when they built up our 
city. All these clear-sighted men acted on this principle of 
furnishing here at Baltimore the best terminal facilities and 
the cheapest transportation to be had on this continent. 
They did this when they built the Baltimore clippers, the 



112 JtEMORIAL VOLLME. 

swiftest brigs and scliooners that skimmed the seas. They 
did this when they joined the flour mills of the back comitry 
to the docks and piers of tiie basin by the earliest and com- 
pletest system of turnpike roads in the United States. They 
did this when they accei)ted New York's gauntlet of tlie Erie 
canal l>y constructing the first railroad in America. They did 
this when they twice challenged (ireat Britain's power in 
defense of State autonomy and in defense of seamen's rights, 
and transformed this busy little seaport into a " nest of 
pirates," wliich sent out its wasps to sting British commerce 
on every sea — a nest which still the foeman failed to crush 
and did not dare to enter. 

These men who built up Baltimore were worthy to have 
such a site to work upon. Th^ race of the founders is still 
not dead, thaidv God ! You behold their works springing up 
around j'ou whichever way your eyes may turn. Our monu- 
ments to them cannot ai'ise so fast as their reciu-ring deeds of 
beneficence demand — nay, there is not room in our public 
places for memorials to all the sons of Baltimore who have 
tiu-ned aside in their careers to toil for her, to fight and bleed 
and die for her, to endow her institutions and her charities 
with the earnings of their sagacity and labor. These men 
venerated Ikiltimore as their parent and cared for her as 
their child. They toiled for her like Jacob at work for 
Kachel; they thought of her always with tender devotion 
and far-reacliing solicitude, loving her as the very apple of 
their eye, caressing and adorning her while they lived, and 
giving her the place of honor in their wills when dead. 
Their devotion has made her annals a gala.xy of jewels; may 
she never be ashamed to wear these ornaments as she wears 
them now upon lier l)Osom, over her lieart of hearts ! 

The race of the founders is not extinct, yet it takes much 
to keep up .sucli a noble strain of blood — it needs a McDonogh, 
a Peabody, a Hopkins, to prevent Baltimore from regretting 
the memories of Carroll, Howard, Patterson, Oliver, Stephen- 
son and Purviance. Peabody and Hopkins will liave their 
successors likewise — perhaps there are even before me now, 
in the body of this throng of enthusiastic sons of Baltimore, 
}ui'U who have sworn that the dear old city shall never lack 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 113 

in tlie endowment of devoted children — men to Avhom the 
next generation will bnild monnments and dedicate memo- 
rials. May their tribe never decrease! 

The men who founded Baltimore were full of sagacity and 
enterprise, but what astonishes us most in them is that per- 
sons gathered from all the commercial world, persons of such 
cosmopolitan origin, should so soon have been able to fan the 
spark and kindle the flame of the intense local pride and 
afl^ection which they felt for the little town they were build- 
ing. The names of the commissioners who laid off the town, 
Tolly, Hamilton, Buckner, Walker, Gist, Hammond, Buchanan, 
shoAV a strong preponderance of pure British blood in Balti- 
more county at the time. The lands belonged to Carrolls, 
Moales, Mountenays, Colegates, the tenants were Joneses, 
Flemmings, Gorsuches, the lessees were Ridgelys, Trottens, 
Sheradines, Jacksons, Powells, Harrises, Fells. But, at the 
end of twenty years, what a difference there is to note. Hardy 
Scotch-Irish and canny Scots, French refugees from Acadia, 
and French traders from the 'West Indies, Spaniards, Portu- 
guese and New Englanders had flocked in, while, thriftiest of 
all and canny as any 

" From the bleak const that hears 
The Nortliera ocean roar, dccii-blooming, strong, 
And yellow-haired, the hlue-eycd Geimans came." 

They came in first from Pennsylvania, Suabians as well as 
Saxons, but afterwards by way of Bremen and Hamburg and 
Rotterdam vessels, they came not only from Prussian land 
and Suabian land, from Rhine regions and Bavaria and the 
Marches, from Pomerania and Westphalia, from the blue 
Danube and the tawny Vistula, but from all the broad ex- 
panse of Faderland to help build up and decorate this city. 

These changes in population appear in the names of the 
people. We find Risteau combined with Talbot and Lux 
alongside of Blackburn; Barnetz and Beck are on the same 
street with Livingston and Townshend ; Gupon consigns to 
Hall ; Uhler has business relations with Philpot ; Chamier and 
Christie put their names on the same subscription list with 
Steiger and Meier and Larsch and Faber ; Otterbein preaches 
under the shadow of Tibbs' church; Bourdillon succeeds 



114 MEMaiUAL VOLUME. 

Hooper in the ministry; Tschudy, Trol<leiner, Strieker, DilFen- 
derfer, Keiser, Keener, Stouffer, Munnne, Littig, Keyports 
become familiar names. 

Yet these people, although thus di-uvn froui all jtarts of 
Europe and all parts of America, united in one common i)nr- 
pose to love Baltimore and build it up speedily and substan- 
tially. The Irishman Stevenson erects a palace and earns the 
name of the American liomulns becau.se of his devotion to 
Baltimore, and in the hour of pestilence he turns this palace 
of liis into a small-pox hospital; one (Jerinan builds a brew- 
house, another a hall for Congress, a third straightens Jones' 
Falls; the Englishmen build ships and bring trade from all 
the world ; and French, German, pjiglish, Scotch and Irish 
club purses in public subscriptions to improve wharves, 
market-houses and streets, to endow churclies and charities. 

From the fust these founders of Baltimore had a distinct 
public i)olicy, which they pursued with sagacity and persist- 
ence. The Maryland colony outside of them was purely a 
tobacco growing plantation, to which ships came and drove a 
thriving trade, bartering their stores for the i)laiiters' tobacco. 
Baltimore determined to become a commercial city, to have a 
diversified industry, a large shipping-, and both exports and 
imports — to become a mai*t, in other words, where its jiroducts 
might be exchanged for those of the world. Hence it built a 
fleet of vessels and wharves and docks to accommodate them ; 
it built mills as well as tobacco-houses; and, as the back 
country gradually opened, it pushed its roads westward, 
northward, southward, at the same time that its vessels ex- 
tended their trading into every sea. The work done liy these 
founders was simply wonderful. Before the Constitution of 
the T'nited States was adopted a Baltimore ship liad appeared 
in Canton roads, another astonished the Governor General of 
India at Calcutta, and Baltimore roadmakers were laying out 
turnjjikes towards the Monocacy and the Suscpiehanna river. 
These Baltimore nu>rchants establi.^hed their trade with Car- 
lisle and the Cumberland valley before Philadel])hians got 
there; they traded witli the Sheuandoali country before Alex- 
aiulria and Bichmond got there; they penetrated to Rochester 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 115 

and all Lake Erie before New York got tliere ; tliey reached 
the Ohio river before the Indians liad left. 

It was these men who set Baltimore the example which she 
has since followed tliroughout her career, of being hrst and 
foremost in all great enterprises and noble undertakings, just 
as they taught us at the same time to be conservative and 
moderate in politics and opinion. That, indeed, is the mean- 
ing of the Lord Baltimore motto as it applies to this commu- 
nity, "Fatti maschii parole femine " — masterly works and 
conservative opinions. How well it suits us ! The catalogue 
would be too long did I attempt to enumerate the firstlings in 
which Baltimore enterprise outran her slower-treading rivals. 
This city, which made the first turnpikes, made the fu-st rail- 
road also, if it did not have the first steamboat. It preceded 
the ATorld in the use of illuminating gas and in the magnetic 
telegraph. It put up the first iron building and the first 
cylinder press in the United States ; printed the first agricul- 
tural paper and hoisted the first American flag. Honored be 
the name of Commodore Joshua Barney for that deed ! 

The founders did not boast of these achievements — let us 
imitate their modesty. Yet, slow of speech as they were in 
self-praise, they were apt to mean a thing very positively 
when they said it, and to hang on to those conservative 
opinions of theirs with a bull-dog grip. If occasion arose, 
they would back these opinions, too, for all they were worth. 
Purviance, when the news of the battle of Lexington came, 
sent Samuel Smith at once to arrest Governor Eden, and it 
was not the fault of either that Eden escaped. "When Carroll, 
signing "most willingly" the Declaration of Independence, 
heard it whispered behind him " there go some millions," he 
immediately added the name of his estate, so that the foe 
might make sure of liim, and thus eternal history made sure 
of Charles Carroll of Carrolton. 

When old John Eager Howard heard that it was proposed 
to surrender Baltimore to Ross in 1814, "I have," said he, "as 
much property at stake as most persons, and I have four sons 
in the field ; but sooner would I see my sons weltering in their 
blood, and my property reduced to ashes than so far disgrace 
the country." " Put me doAvn $50,000 for the defence of Bal- 



116 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

tiinore," said Isaac McKim, whou lie heard Eoss was rominii:. 
When the revohitionaiy war broke out, the whole jjeople of 
Baltimore, except a few Tories, rallied to the defence; they 
sent money by tlie thousand pounds to the coffers of the Con- 
tinental Congress; they raised several companies of troops at 
once ; they converted their merchant vessels into cruisers, and 
devoted their shipyards to the construction of naval vessels. 
They clothed Lafayette's soldiers, and filled the gaps in Mary- 
land's continentals made by such fierce battles as Brooklyn 
and Brandy wine and Camden, Cowiiens and Eutaw Springs. 
This spirit of the old founders suiwives yet also. "NVe have 
seen it in Xathan Ryno Smith, assailed by ruffians while pre- 
siding over a political convention, and saying, "you may 
thrust me tlirough with knives, but you cannot move me from 
my position." We have seen it in Johns Hopkins, offering 
and risking his whole fortune to arrest a commercial panic, 
not because he was in particular peril of losing by that dis- 
tress, or of profiting by its stay, but simply out of his pride 
in being a citizen of Baltimore. 

These founders, developing this site and teaching their suc- 
cessors how to develop it, in the short process of one hundred 
and fifty years erected upon this spot one of the most consid- 
erable cities of America; a city which, in addition to the pop- 
ulation, the wealth and commercial authority I have enumer- 
ated, has earned a place of consequence in the world of 
thought and opinion, the world of science and the world of 
aesthetics, the world of jurisprudence and of society. I would 
not hope to be forgiven if I recited simply names and gave 
you catalogues here. I know by exiierience and far more 
thoroughly than most men, that the history of Baltimore is 
not to be condensed within the limits of a leading article, nor 
its chronicles to be embraced in a paragraph. I wi.sh, indeed, 
that time were here afforded me to speak of Baltimore's nota- 
ble churches and more notable divines; of the eminent men 
of science whose researches and whose skill have made our 
schools of surgery and medicine famous; of the leading jurists 
and counsellors whose pleadings and practice have given the 
Mai-yland bar that standing which is accorded it 'u\ two hem- 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 117 

isplieres. But why brint,' to iny lips the cup of Tantalus of 
which I may not sip ? 1 will; because I must, forbear. 

The founders of Baltimore who developed this noble site 
built much more than houses and ships, roads and machinery. 
They built up much else besides their own fortunes and a 
race of men to wear their mantles when they were dead. Men 
die and are no more remembered; fortunes perish under 
znoth and rust ; machines grow crank and obsolete ; ships rot 
and sink and houses crumble into ruin; even great cities 
themselves have tumbled into mere heaps of potslierds and 
ashes, their nation and their name forgot, their memory van- 
ished like a fleeting cloud. But institutions do not perish. 
They are immortal as the souls that breath through them and 
inspire them, and the founders of Baltimore built institutions 
on this spot when they laid their bricks in mortar for this 
town. They built not by rule of thumb, nor in servile imita- 
tion of other patterns, but what they found good they took, 
and they left at once what did not suit them. The spirit of 
sturdy independence as well of other men's rule as of other 
men's opinions was a leading and distinguished trait of the 
founders of Baltimore. Lord Baltimore's authority sat very 
lightly on them from the first, but not more lightly than the 
ancient manners of the easy-going, tobacco-growing, rather 
aristocratic province of INIaryland. 

Baltimore early bred a pure democracy, a trifle fierce, a 
trifle rude in customs, hard-fisted, free-spoken, prone to call a 
spoon a "spoon" and a spade a "spade," independent to the 
back bone. It very early stripped off the silk stockings of 
Annapolis in favor of its own stout woolen hose, preferred the 
dust of mills and forges to the dainty pearl-powder of the 
barber shops, and, in place of laced shirts and velvet doublets, 
would have its own green baise jackets, out of the pockets of 
which a carpenter's rule and a mason's trowel were sticking. 
These traits are reflected in the institutions of Baltimore 
from the start. We loved good living and to take honest 
pleasures in a hearty way, but that way was not to be guided 
by the dancing master's precepts. It was a plain, sober, 
business-like way, demanding to have things "ship-shape," 
despising to keep them in bandboxes. 



118 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

Baltinioro had tri'eat trouble and a hard ptrusrfrle to conquer 
the okl in-ovincial prejudices and wliini-whani.s of the eoun- 
ties, and brhig them to her solid way of thinking-. The long 
fights over the principles of i)0pular representation and 
elective offices, of public schools and general education, of 
internal improvements and fiscal reform, the battles against 
imprisonment for debt, against the property qualification for 
voters, and in favor of the ballot and a vote by polls as 
against votes by estates, all these Avill illustrate the questions 
in which the institutions built up by the founders of Haiti- 
more ran counter to those ingrained in the prejudices, the 
ancient manners and established customs of the State. Those 
battles were stiff ones, but the founders and their successors 
did not care for hard knocks; they stood manfully for their 
rights; they nailed the flag of their institutions to the mast> 
and they won. The silk stockings of the counties yielded — 
yielded gracefully, too — to the ruder jerkins and hard practi- 
cal fists of Baltimore. County members sometimes may be 
heard to abuse our city for its spirit of monopoly and self- 
aggramlizement, but they will not accuse us of attempting to 
nuiiiopolize to ourselves all the advantages, all the blessings 
of those peculiar institutions of Baltimore, the universal 
ballot and the free public schools, which she forced the State 
to adojtt, at the same time that she unhinged the doors of the 
languishing debtor's prison, imparted humanity and enlight- 
enment to our backward civil and criminal code, and lent the 
expansive mantle of true charity to our poor laws. 

Those plain matter-nf-fact people, the founders of Balti- 
mor(\ went direct to their objects with the same straightfor- 
Avard intensity of energy and sincerity and whc^le heartedness 
of purpose with which they laid the keels of their vessels or 
served their guns against the enemy in battle. This is one 
secret of their great conquests, not only over time and siiace, 
but also in those liigh moral regions where laws and in-inci- 
ples are incubated, and systems constructed and matured. 
We cannot too steadily and too constantly keep their pattern 
before us. It was their hands which grafted the tr(>e whose 
fruit sustains us aud whose blossoms rejoice us to-day. A\c 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 119 

aro their sons, and, therefore, heirs to the greatness of their 
performances. Let us vow to perpetuate such examples. 

The founders of om* city and its institutions gave to these 
the imi^ress of their own minds and the stimulus of their 
own virtue. They were idain and frank in manners, sturdy 
believers in self-government, stubborn upholders of liberty 
and combatants for independence. They were calm, far- 
seeing, sagacious, practical, persevering; seeking competence 
by useful industry, and building up their city as they built 
up themselves. They steered by the chart of practical virtue, 
without pretence or self -laudation, but not without self- 
esteem. Their structure is before us to-day, a symmetrical 
and well ordered city and community, its brief annals crowded 
with achievements in polity which mighty nations Avould be 
proud of, and conquests in commerce and industry that make 
our prosperity envied. Fellow citizens, you know and feel — 
visitors, strangers, guests, I call you all to witness — that we 
are, in the words of Paul of Tarsus, "citizens of no mean 
city." The inheritance the fathers have left us, and which 
we are improving and enjoying, is a possession and a glory, a 
monument of fruitful thrift, a shrine of greatness and honor. 

But, because cities grow and develop, so also they may 
dwindle and decline. As youth and vigor follow after in- 
fancy, so may age and decrepitude succeed in due order. 
Prosperity may vanish, trade may prove a fluctuating vanity, 
wealth corrupt and enervate, and license ape the sacred garb 
and mimic the holy offices of liberty. As Tyre and Alex- 
andria faded, as Venice and Antwerp have declined and 
waned, so may our beloved Baltimore dwindle and decay if 
we neglect the examples set us by the founders and make 
light of tlie lessons they have taught. Their virtues must 
continue to be our virtues. Their sobriety and industry, their 
liumanity and charity, their righteousness and patriotism, are 
the parts of our inheritance without which all the other 
things they have left us will be but as empty bubbles. If we 
let go of these we will hold fast to the shadow while the sub- 
stance departs, and all our glorious possessions, if we do not 
use them justly and beneficently, in the spirit of the founders, 
and to great and noble ends, will prove to be a poor illusion, a 



120 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

censure and a shame. To-day lias many lessons for this com- 
miniity, fellow-citizens, but none so important as this. Bal- 
timore has come of age — let lier i)rove her manhood by 
preserving her iiiheritauce pui'e and clean, an apple of gold 
in a vessel of silver." 

The great crowd of persons in all the various costumes of 
the fete, the workmen in blouses, the continentals in bulf and 
blue, the "Kellners" in their white aprons, busiest of the 
excited throng, heard with attention and never interrupted 
except with applause. Many of the points wliich the orator 
made, touched the chord of feeling in the audience and drew 
forth long and loud plaudits. This was especially the case 
when the speaker referred to the contributions made by Ger- 
man tlu'ift and energy to the development of I3altimore. At 
every .such allusion the welkin rang with cheers. 

At the close of Col. Scharf's oration the orchestra gave 
" Maryland, my Maryland," after which Col. Frederick Kaine 
was introduced aud delivered the German oi-ation, as follows : 

eof. ^•. 9intnc'S JRcbc. 

28cnn ic^ bie grof;c 91}cnfcf)cnmcii(ic, bio ()eutc, nm (?f)rontnnc 5*a[timorc'§, 
f)icr ocrfainmclt i)"t, iiticvblirfc, baiin kbt iiiir baS ^(x^ nor Jvvciibc. 6ilt c» 
borf) ciiicr A-cicr, bic uui()( flcciiiiict ift, imi iiiit iicvcdjtcm ^tol.^c *ju crfii[lcii ; 
(lilt Cv bod) finer ^ckx, bic UH'it iiiib brcit bcv 2l'clt ncrtiinbcn foil, bafj 
i^iiltimoro, imfov licbcs tficuvcc' l\iltiinovo, iinici1)iiUi bcr l.JO ^\ai)xc fciiicr 
Priftcn^ mif bcv iivof,cii 2?ii[)n bcc- Aortfdivittfs iiid)! .^iiviirfiictilicbcii ift ; biif; 
i^iltiiiiovc ct'cnbiivtiii in bcv ilfciftc fcincv 3d)mcftcrftiibtc in bcni iivof;cii.Uiiiiuifc 
bcv luitioHiiIcn Piitmirfclinui bic cf)vcnbc (rtcllinui bcfiiiuptct Out, UHid)c im 
*^Iiu)cnlilid fciiicv iH\ufmbinuT ini» Allien novcic^cidinct univbc. Clmuifjl, luic 
iMcIc uoii ,^N()ncn, ciiicv lum ^scncn, bic bcv flvof.c £d)ionnnii bcv Hon un» 
iicunil)ltcn 'Dditionalitiit nufiicfi''!U'H Out, cvfiilltce inid)bod) init(icvcd)tcm 3toUc, 
biif; ill bcv iKimiltiiicn iH'vfdjnicl^unc^ bcr (5icnicntc, lucldic Ocutc bic Sixciit unb 
ben tidcbcnbcn (^icift bcr 3"fiinft bilbcn, ba-j C*lcmcnt, bcni id) nnb iaufcnbc 
Don Osfliif" iiniic()orcn, nie nirtfu^cbcnbcr Jvaltor bcv L^iituiidchiiui cine cOvcnbc 
3tellMnii cvvnniicn Out. C*'J finb bicfcv tcinc citlcn 3*3ovtc, cincictKOen mm bein 
(vntOnfiiivmno, bcv nicOv obcv meniiicv Oente nnfcvcn Osbceniinnii bcOevvfd)t, c§ 
finb JiHivte bcv llebev^eniiunii, bcr crnftcn llinOnnnii, fcftyiOiiltcn an bcr 
(5vvnni]cnfd)iift bcv iH'vaon(jcn[)eit, in bcm iitanen-iiampfc bes ndtionnleii 



MEMORIAL VOLUJIE. 121 

Seiiiy iiiif)t ,^ii ovmiiiicii imb iiuv 511 tvcucii, „uiie luii'-i baiiii julclit fo rjcrvlid; 
lucit gc&vddjt." 

..SBivi it)r icii QScift ba- 3oiicii Iicifit, 

3)iis iit im (Svuiiii bcr .C^cvvcit dn'm-r Gcift, 

Sii ticm bii; ^I'itett fid) licipicflclii." 

Sit moif)tc fo (lent nod) mand;c ©cbanfcn Ijicvan fniipfcn, oficr 

„rP5 frnflt SScrftonb iinb rcifiter Sititt 
9Jlit lucnig Krajt fic^ jelbcr Uor." 

5ri?ir nfic „fd)iiffcn nm fiiufciibcn S[«ctiftiir)lc bcv 3^'*/' unb id) imif; fdjon 
biivauf tniucii, biif; ^ic 5111c, tuie -^k f)cute luiv inir flcl)cit, in bcr Iji't'clfdcr 
cincn Sporn cvblidcn, fcftjuf)altcn iin ben £cf)vcn unb Gvtiif)vunflen bcr 
iH-riinngcu()cit, niitjutiinUifcn an bcr ^(nfgiibc, nicld)c bie 3utuntt nn un-:- ftcllt. 

5riid) jclU „!i'n|'jct mid) jucrft bon nnfcrcn 5>cirfa()rcn Unxdjcn, inbcin c^ fid) 
jicnit, if)ncn bet ciner fold)cu 6ctcticu[)eit biefe G()rc bcr Gni)dr)nunii jn 
cviueifcn. 5^enn fie r)ii6cn buvd) if)ve 2iipfevfcit bicfce i^cinb cro&crt unb Hon 
@cfd)Icd)t ^u Wcfd)led)t (il» cin fveic§ liercrbt. S^od), tuenn 3c"c beg SobeS 
inertf) fiub, fo fiub c§ uufeve Initcr nod) in f)of)evem Gvtibc ; benn fie f)a(ien 
ju 5) em, rang fie cmpfniiaen f)attcn, ^ a I, uuia tuiv bcfilum, Ijiiiju cvnunben. 
gnblid) f)alicn ra i r f c 1 (1 ft, junuii bie miv in uovijeviidtem ?Utcr ftef)eu, ben !J3iiu, 
meld)cn fie beiionnen I)iitten, raciter (iu§ciefiit)vt unb bie Stobt in alien 5Sejiet)un= 
gen auf'g 23efte iui§iicriiffct uin fid) in feber .s^inf'rfjt flf'Uirt 511 fci"-" 

Siefe 2«Dvte bcS avofjen ntf)euifd)cn ©tantguuinncs '^Hn-itleg fd)eiucn miveine 
t)affcnbe Ginleitung ju fein fiiv ^a§, ranS id) f)iev jn fiuien f)iilie. ^imiv raivb 
man Cs fiir uevnieffcn anfefjcn, raenn id), ber G i nge nui n bcrte, in ber 
©t.uad)C lion G i ngc raanber ten unb im 9(uftraac lum gvbf!tentf)cil§ 
6 i n g c ran n b c r t e n Uon ben fviif)even ©ciu-vatiouen flivcd)e ; bod), id) bitte ,yi 
bcbeufcn, baf; rair 5cntfd)e in 33a It i move nid)t uon „gcftcrn unb 
ef)egcftcvn" fiub. I«eini oud) biete I)icr bov mir fter)en, bie faum ein 
l^icl•teliar)vf)nnbevt im Sanbc Icben, bie if)ve 3.Hn-far)rcn an bev nnbercn Seite 
beg gvof'.cn S'Jaffcrg gctaffcn Ijabcn, fo fcf)e id) bod) and) 51taud)e f)icr, bcren 
9>atcv unb Givofunitcr, jn, llrgrofuniter unb llvurgrofUHiter fd)on am Tcutfd)laub 
l^icr cingcraanbcvt finb, beven SBiege einftmalS am Ufer bcr bcutfd)en Strome 
ftaiib, unb bie beiniott mcine Sl^ovtc tierftcr)cn. Sie Tcutfd)en biirfen mit 
Stols fagcn „1I n f c v 33. a 1 1 i m r c !" benn eg raaren ^5 c u t f d) e n n t e r b e n 
© r ii n b c r n b i c f c r © t a b t ; S e n t f d) e i}akn an ir)rer 5!}icge gefeffcn, 
b e u t f d) e U a n f ( e n t e rjaben ir)ren ©ccf)anbe( entraidein r)clfen, b e u t f d) c 
S n b n ft r i c n c Ijaben ba.^n bcigetragen, if)r eiuen 2r*cltrnf ,^u uerfd)affen, unb 
ber ?y(eif! unb bie 33etricbfamtcit beg b e u t f d) c n «' ( c i n g e ra c r b e g f)aben 
if)r gutcg 5ir)cil ba,5n gctf)an, a3a(tiniore ju 3)em ,yi mad)cu, rang eg ift, unb 
f)eute barf id) mit 3to(,^ bcf)aupteu, bafj jebcr 5 ra cite 3x-raol)iu-r unfcrcr 3tabt 



122 JIEMORIAL VOLUMR 

cicrmnnifrfjc? 23Iut in belt ?(bcrn ijat, jebcr brittc 5Jamc in unicrcm Piti)= 
^^ivchnn) ciii bcututcr ift, jcbcr D i e r t e S a 1 1 i m o r e r uoii Xcut|"c()cii in bor 
eincu obcr iinbfvcii 3'Jcifc abftiinunt, jcbcr fiinfte bcutfd) ucrftctjt unb jcbcr 
fc(f)5tc ini Stanbe ift, bcutlM) 311 fprcii)cn obcr 5U Icfcn. i!?>a()rlid), cine 
Shitionnlitcit, mcldje in cincni frcmbcn 3iVltt()cilc Ha a Don fid) riiftmcn 
bnrf, ()at cin ilJcdjt, fid) on eincr |old)en 2cnion|triition in Ijcruorriu^cnbcr 
SlVifc 311 ()ctl)cilii]cn. 

9(U uor loO ;j;ar)rcn iinfcre Stnbt if)rcn crficn ?lnfiiii;i uii[)mi unb in bcr 
llmi]Ci]cnb bcr 3tcl(c, non tnclcficr jclit bic Shippcl nnfcrc^— ncbcnbci iicfiuit, Don 
cincm 3:ciit|d)=5(nicrifaner crboutcn— iniid)tiuillcn 3i"at()()nnlc-j Ocriibcr fdjinimcrt, 
bic crftcn tiO ?lrfcr nly „iViltintoic= Joiun" ucvincffcn luiirbcn, 511 jcncr 3^'' 
luoOntc bort, ii'o I)ciitc folibc .'OciMMuntieI)dufcr an bcr 0"()arlcs|'lr., stuifdjcn 
l'onilHnb= unb 6crnuint'tni|;c, i()rc i^iivcaur ()iilicu, cin bcuttd)cr 3iilnirfHiflciu3cr, 
3 f) ii n n 51 c ni ni i n ii, „bcuttd), ii'ic Saucrfrnnt," bcnn (ilc- man in Ihh- 
Iccicii[)cit uni cincn 'Duinicn fiir cine bcr ncnn i'linc-J unferer juuiicu 3tobt itrnr, 
minntc nuin bic 3tro|";c, locldjc fcincn Mrautivutcn burdjfdjnitt, jGermanstreet, 
unb fo ()cint lie b'li auf ben (jeutiiic" 3:(icj. 2i."enn Sic bic l"iiolto-;' anfcftcn, mit 
bencii nicin oifinib unb (nilleac .s>r. ?(runii[) 8. *Jlbcll, fein „£un"=(*5cbiiube 
iiefdjmiidt [jot, |o mcrbcn 2ie ini (U'litrum bcr brittcn (venl'terreibe cin^ finbeu, 
liield)C-j ()eii;t : " To what proportions has John Flemming's cabbage- 
garden grown !" Uiomit bic „Sun" bod) jcbentiillc- fcicieu luill, bnf! 3?(iltimprc 
Dorbent cin bent)d)cr .Urautiiartcn nnir. Ser Finnic U I) ( cr unrb ^^Imn 'Mm 
befannt fein ; cine beutfd)c 5cimiclic bmdite i()n in biefe-;- Vdnb, unb nod) ()cutc 
licrftcf)en u i c I c lU)lcv-J b e u 1 1 di, troUbcni cin „U f) 1 c r ' g M u n" ()ier criftirtc 
lanflc tiorficr, cf)e cs cine Stobt 5?altinune flcib.— Wan fac^t iicmiifjnlic^, 
„liio cine .^■{ird)c ftcOt, bant bcr 3enfel cin 2!}irt()c-f)au-:' baneben." 2cr 3prnd) 
nuifl iiiaf)r fein, fo meit bcr OJottfcibeiuus in Araiic fonunt ; abcr id) fann C^ut^ 
Don cincm T c u tf d)en berid)tcn, ber cin 5iMrt[)v[)au-^ an bcr G)ai)f(rai;e, na[)C 
ben iviillen baute, — ba, mo ftcnte A>r. Pftriftian @ef)( fcine burftiiicn Jhnibcn 
Inbt,— al-3 C5 nod) fcine ,Uird)e f)ier 3c0n Weilcnin ber 9hnibc ciab, unb jcncr 
bcntfd)c 2i}o()lt()atcr, meid)er ba':- erflc ilMrt[)vf)aUi' baute, f)ief; 3ioI)ann .s^Pift- 
3cinc ''liad)fommen baben iibriiicn» bic Siinbe if)re» 3(()ncn gut c]cmad)t unb 
madcr .\{ird)cn iicbaut. 

Tod) and) fromm umrcn bie crftcn Teutfd)cn in 3}a[tiniorc ; bcnn bic 3 m c i t c 
,Qird)e, mcldie iiberbaiipt I)ier crriditet murbe, mar cin beutfd)C5 Giottevfiau?, 
bcffen *J>rcbiiicr C^()riftian ^aber (jic); ; S^oc- flcfdjof) IT.'iS. fiaum cin r)albc» 
Wenfd)enalter fpiiter murbc bic Cttcrbein'fd)e rtird)e t)icr erbaut, beren Wemcinbc 
Dor ^I'brcn ibren h"entcnuialfeicr bciiinfl.— SBcnn Sic fid) cinnuil bic 5!}erfc 
unb ^(uffdhe mcinc-j ftrcbfamcn junc]en ArcnnbCi<, be§ Pol. 5. 3f)o-;-. 3d)arf, 
ctma-r- niU)cr anfebcn, fo mcrben 3ic erfabrcn, mcld)c li?ad)t bie Teutfd)cn fd)on 
Dor l.'iO unb 12') o'lbren in i^altinune marcn ; cr mirb ,"\()uen Don „3tcitier's 
TOeabom" er^Ujlcn, auf mcld)cr f)cute bic fiinfte unb Dicrte 2l^irb ftc[)en, cr mirb 



MEMOIUAL VOLUME. 123 

vil)ncn Don bcm 3immcrmrtnn ^atob Su[)&ovb kricfiten, bcv fpiikr im Uim(i= 
[(diujiateitsfvit'iie iiiitcr bcm 'Jfnmcii ^nfi' i^ceinivts t5iuhuif'j=%ciit fiiv bie 
C5ontiiu'iitciU*.'lviiu'e mnv ; or luivb ^ijnm tiicicii,bcii';bt'rcvfk I'iiillcviHiltiiiuive's, 
6cimj lli. '.yicijcr, cin ^ciitld)er unir, iiiib b(i|; bie Unircjvii|;imittcv ciiicv aiibcvcn 
bctamitcn S^i'iiil't bie cvfte beiitid)c .vicbaiiimc i^nltimovc'!:' i)cnicicn ift. 'iHufun'^ 
bcm Ibimcit 3ie iit |eincn Si"Hn1cn nod) .viunbcvte ion binitl'djcn 5uinu'n finben, 
bcrcu iuirtcr Dov 150 iinb lUO 3"f)i-'"i oiinminbalcn nnb bcvcu 'Diadjtoinmcn 
Oeiite ju ben cvften (Vciniilien i\iltimore'y ciefjoren ; id) nennc I)iev nur bie 
cmitf)-?, .C'^i^ff""!"^"' Sd)(ci)*5, inin iMbbevi-, Getu'nbanner», Siniienfclbevv, '-bcnk, 
Stouffevu, Stoncvs, iSfjoematevs, 3tcinevs, i^alticU^', ihitj, &\']t-2, 'JUbcrts, 
'-!3alev3, Snrffjs, u. ]. m. 

Sdjon 1748 baute bcr teutfd)c ixivniti f)ier bie evftc 2?rai;erci, bny cb(e 
^lUjerbier loar fveilid) banials nod) nid)t 53fobe, benn baS fam crft f)unbevt 
oiif)ve fpdtcr f)ier nuf, unb mein alter J^rennb 2."s.MI[)elni .s^olUnuinn wan a 
iueld)er ben cvften Stoff 184.j Don '^^fjilabelpfjia Ijicr inuiovtivtc unb fid) fo bei 
ben SBaltimovcr 23icrtvintevn unfterblid) nuid)tc. C^'inc ^vib'veidje opulcntc 
beutfd)e iM'auergilbe ift feitbem I)ier cutftdnben nnb fovi^t bnfiiv, bnf; ixiltimovc 
nidjt uerbuvftet unb nid)t ini ll!if;brQud)e bes ■'^lltobol^ uevfommt. 

^lls ber llnabf)dnijiateitx-fricij nuebrad), ftctlten bie 2:cutfd)en liJcn-i)(iinb'§ fd)on 
9{ccvnienter unb bie 3;entfd)cn 33altiniore'a Polle Pompoi^uic'n in's Jvclb, nnb 
cin bcutfd)er ^ti'D umr ber beriif)nite ixiron be Slaib, uield)er oui KJ. 
?(utinft 1780 on ber Spitic bcr "Maryland-Line" bei Grtuibcn in Siib^Piirolina 
ben .s^elbcntob ftnrb. Unb 015 ber 0" outinentaUPongrcB 1778 au» '^^bilcibclpbia 
fliidjten muf;te, tonnte if)m cin ^ c n t f d) c r in 23 a 1 1 i ui o e, .s>r. ,;jafob in-it 
(Aite), in feincr cu'ofjcn .Italic, (1-de Hon i\iltiniore= nnb Sbavpftr., cine 
,3nflud)t-jftdtte bieten. 

9?id)t nllein TciS : bie erftc 5.1J ar f t fja 1 (e 2?ciltintore'a nnirbc Pou 
■J e u t f d)en crrid)tet, fie f)itf5en keener unb -f'inrt, unb untcr ben Porporatoven 
ber cr ften 5cuc riDC f) r fpiclte 6eorg Sinbcnbcrgcr cine bcbentenbc 9{olle. 
llnfcrc S^nubsleutc tnnrcn imr (jnubert ^nf)"" bier fo riif)riii unb f)od) nncicfebcn, 
biif) bcr obencrmiibnte £'otalf)iftoriter Pon ibncn fiiflt ; "These enterprising 
Germans were at work in extending the City long before the Purvianccs, 
Lawsons, Spears, McLures, Calhouns and the other Scotch-Irish Presby- 
terians, to whom the city owes so much of its prosperity, had set a foot 
on this continent." 

Jic Tcutfd)en, incld)c fid) Por bcm lliuibf)dnciififcitsfrief(c l&icr nnfiebelien, 
tmircn bi§ nuf oereiujcltc iiber (Sucilnnb nu^iicnninbcvtc ^»fiil,^er teinc birettcn 
l^inmiinbcrcr ; fie famcn meift ciu« ^nncafter, SJcnbinti unb ?)ort, '^^'unf., unb 
nid)t aienii]c umreu bcreit-3 Hon beutfdjcn (f-ltcru im Snnbc flcboren, mic ?,. 33. 
bie 23ii[)nc-, 21iniiluff§, £touffer§ u. 51. Vlbcr fie fjidten .^U) nn beutfd)cr 
3prcid)c unb Sittc, unb tnie fcft fie nnd) nn bicfem ncucn iMitcrloiibe biiHini/ 
fie fd)dmtcn fid) uid)t, Teutfd)e jn fein. (?rft luid) bcm Ai'i^ben non In-rfailleS 



124 MKMOIUAL VOLUME. 

ctf)iclt Baltimore cine bircrftc beut|ilx C^inmauknimi ; bie opulcntcn .vlnufkiitc 
bcv nitfii .V)onl'cftiibtc 33vciiumi unb .ttambiiva bocvmncn, (jicr Jilinlcii ju cjvuiibcii, 
uiib crpcbivtcn i()vc 3itirfc (jicvfjcr, lucld;c bcv 3tiibt iiiib bcin 3taiitc iiiamlje 
lDcrt()iiollc, IcOfiibiiic ?\xad)i jufiifjrtcn. 3" "^f" ucun^igcr 'Z^al)xai finbcn luiv 
bcrcito jiifjlvcidjc bciitfdjc .'omibliiiuv:-l)iiuH'r unb 3il)cbcriirmcii in bcr jmun'ii 
£ee|"tabt, unb cily i^iiltiniore 17'JlJ juui 3{dni^o eiucr iMti) crtjobcn univbc, unucn 
unter ben liebeii crftcn StobtviiKjcn bvci Tcutfdjc— (jiuicKjavbt ^jcifcr, (iJeovcj 
i'inbcnbcnjcr unb *-|.H-tcr .'poffniann. 2:cv 'Jlbrcntalcnbcr bc3 !oti()vca 179G 
cnt()dlt bic bcutfd)cn 5iiinicu 5Uvid)v, SUtinitcr, a3auni, i\inU, Sninlj, 3?au»= 
maun, 3?crf, (iiiclin, .s;iorncv, (iniid), (inc[(l, gitd^'v, S-^mbcl, y-ovnci, J-uf;, 
&([\. ^aitmann, .siiiidjbcrijer, .f)cincr, ftimnii, fiautmann, ftcilI)ol3, flolb, 
S{cl)lcv, Jiuvl^, iJciutcrmild), i'ovmann, i'ulj, 5JJciicvid)nubt, liiiltcnbcnjcr, 
33allKr, ltiund)f)ciutcn, atittchuofcv, 9icin()(ubt, Sicincdo, 9hittcr, (cd)tmnl?, 
Sd)vil)cr, Scibcnftictcv, £d)vi)iid, Sninu'alt, 8aucmH'in, tSticocv, Stcrtcv, 
3tiimp, etrirfcr, Stauffcv, Sullicr, lUjlcv, J^loppcv, ^^iccilcr, ^inuncrnumn, 
,Si.illitotfcr u. f. ID- i*ii-'lc ^on ben gcnanntcn ftanbcn nn bcv Spit;,c flvofiCv 
©cfdjdftc ; nic()vcvc, luic bic iHanjc-;, «ci)icv-;, 3?vunci:, Stouffcv-:- u. 'JL, (jnttcn 
®d)iffc nuT ben "I'iccvcn unb contvolivtcn ben mcttiubi|'d)cu ^■^nnbcl. 

(Se roiivbe (jicv ,yi lucit fu()vcn, luolltc id; bic 3">''if)i'"-' ^f^' S:cntld)t()uni-: in 
l\Utiniovc lion :,Vif)v 5" Cuif)v ncvfohicn ; gcniiiic ce, 5U bcnu'vfcn, bur, ld)on ini 
ooviacn 3rt()v()iinbcvtc ciu bcutfdjcv Tvudcv ba» 9JJavtl)viuni am fid) ncbnu'U 
touutc, cine bcuttd)c ^cituna I)icv I)cviiu^-^ui]cbcn.— Hub nl-j iui ^saljxt IBlii bic 
juuiic 9{cpublit sum jincitcn 9J{nlc uiit (fniilonb uni i()vc Unnbljdncvali'it 
fdnipfcu uiuf,tc, itclltcn bie Scut|d)en iViltinunc'5 cine DoUc ^liiicv^Ponipdcinic 
ill's 5elb, unb bcv CfRiifi', lucldjcv bic 2>cvt()eibinunii bcC' ^liiKn-J ciCiU'" bic 
Slottc be-j ^JlbmivnlC' Cuirfbuvu Icitete, mnv llJcijov 91vniftdbt— cin SU'teiunnlinn 
Don Tcutfdjcn, iiu3 beni £()cncinboab=2fHilc, befien llionunieut cinftnuiU- anf 
bcm Gal«evtitvnr,en=2pvinii=?ot ftnnb. S:ic llfiiitcneinRninbcvunii bcv Tcul|"d)cn 
bcivinn uni bic 3cit be-:- SlMcucv Pmuiveiie-:, unb feit jenen Siuien finb unfcve 
I'anbjlcutc ju 3:autenbcn unb .f^unbevttnuknben in 2?altinune gcJnnbct, unb 
cin (\vi3i;cvcv obcv iicvinaevcv ^^vrsentinl; bcvfclben ift ()icv i^cblicbcn. S^icfc (yiiu 
iimnbcvunci bcv sunin^icU'r, bveir.ieiev, nicv^iKv unb iiiutsiiU'v vS'if)" f)rtt "'it 
A-liimnicnfd)viit iOvc Ii()iitcn in bcv Pntuiidchnuisgc)d)id)tc unfevcv Stnbt pcv= 
jcidjnct. Tic i\iltinuncv GUic-inbuftvie nnivbc uou cineni Tent|'d)cn bciiviinbct, 
cv f)icl'; 9(nuiun(i ; iViltimovcv iHiiden I'inb nod) aQcn 2()eilcn bcc' (>ontincnt3 
(ic|d)irtt uiovbcn, lie iibevfpnnnen bic 3d)lud)ten bcv '?((le!i()anicc-, bie uuid)tiiKU 
>2tvi)mc bec' 5!3cl'ten-- unb 3iibeny, bie (5rnl)pni> bcv AClfeniicbiviic, bie I'lbiiviinbc 
bcv 9(nbcn unb bic 3tvi.Mnc bcv liib=iimfvitanifdKii 'iHimpnCv— bcv !)iad)tonimc 
cinc§ Teutidieu, 3«enbcll ikidnuin, f)at bicfc ^nbuftvic I)iev iKl'd)iiffen ; i*iilti= 
inovcv '•■l.Manotovtcc- [)aben eiuen ai\itvu()m, bic l}icii(ic '^Miiuo=o"f'iM''vic luuvbc 
Pon S c u if d) c n cicfdHiffen unb ift Oeute imd) tian.S o » o f d) I i c f, 1 i d) i n b c n 
^ ii n b c n u n T c u t f d) c n ; bie Otubuftvic bev oii'iU'lbvenncvci, bic o'li^iMtiic 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 125 

^aaxe ftiv bcii S;)anM jujubcrcitcii, [iiib Srfjopfuugcn bcutfdjcr Giniuanbcrcr ; 
eiit 3}cutfdjcr Ijat bic 6oiifcn)cii=:oitbu|tric Ijicv bcrtviiubct ; bic arofUe Subact3= 
gabrif bc§ Stantcy unb cine bcv avbfitcii bcr Melt ift eiii beutfdjes ©efdjcift ; 
bod}, iibgefel)en lion biefen a r of; en (Srruugenfdjaften unfever Vimbslente, 
biiden Sie in bus @efd)dft»ieben, luotjin 8ie moUeii, 'Sie luevbcn ^eutfdje an 
ber topvitK' nnb nidjt felten an ber 'Spi^e finben ; bus 3)toauen=cye)djdft, 
Wholesale and Retail, i[t juni gvofiten ifjeile in ben -S^jdnben Don Xeut)d)en 
unb beutfdjen 'Jlbtoniniliiujen ; bcutfd) finb ^Jfetiijer unb 33dder, 'cdjneiber, 
©d)u()mtid)er, (Svocer unb i?'leiul)dublei- lUlev ?trt, ober cuid; im ,3if i)'d)cnf)iinbel 
nefjmen bie 3}cutt'd)en cine 5(d}hnuj ijebictenbe totelle cin. 

3d) fbnnte nod; biele unb qax ftolje 3lamm uon "Iieutldjen nenncn, toeldje fid) 
urn 'Baltimore in bev einen obev nnberen iDeife oevbient genmdjt f)abeii, bod) 
niiifUc id) bann meitfd)iucifii) luevbcii, unb c« nii3d)te niiv babei paffiven, bnfi id) 
bei bcm embarras de richesse uuind)en f)od)Oerbienten Voubsniann Ueva(i|";e. 
Ueber[)iuipt bin id) bei cinem .Qiipitel nni^ckngt, luo, miebns lnteinifd)e 5pviid)= 
iDort facit : „Nomina odiosa sunt"~lDo „5famcn obio» iDcrben." 

Sod id) :3f)nen nun nod) fcigen, ms bie S)eutfd)en unferer ©tnbt fiir bie 
©cfetligteit, fuv SBecfung unb |)ebuni] bcl tnnftac|d)inncf5, fiir 6v3icr)uuci unb 
aieliflion getf)iin ; bofj fie iffinifenfjtinfer, ©d)u(ert nub ftivd)en in grof;cv 
m\]ai][ erric^tct, gefeUige unb aSDf)ltf)dtigfcitS=9.^ereinc in 5JJenge gegriinbet 
r)aben ; nnb feit ^al)xm bie maitres de plaisir ber 3?aUimover gelnefcn finb ! 
Sic wiffen ba§ 5lUe§ eben fo gut, luic id), unb id) bnrf be?f)cilb fd)lief;en. 51feinen 
33enicrtungen fd)idtc ic^ cine StcUe ini» ber berii[)mtcften Ifiebe be§ ^NcritleS 
bormis, unb id) mill mit einer nnberen ©telle beg grofjen ?(tf)eneva fd)Iief;en ; 
biefelbe miirbe nllerbingS in bcm Wunbc ciuec ,3-nbioibuunig pnif)lerifd) flingcn! 
liber Sic f)iiben mir I)icr bie ef)vc ciiu]eif)aii, mid) jum Cvgan ber 3:cut|d)en 
Sdltimorc's ju mod)en ; ber 3:eutfc()en, U)eld)e IViltimore griiiibcn unb cuiftniuen 
t)nlfcn nnb bcnen uum in bcm groficn ficbentdgigen g-cfte ben ef)renplal? iibcr= 
lief;. S)icfe 2;cutfd)cn biirfen bcsfjalb red)t mof)l mit ben ftoljen SBorten beg 
'^k'ritlcg uon fid) fcigen : 

,^enn loir ^d ben oonnnferer 5f,atfvnft grof.c ^Pcmeife qcqeben unb nnfer 
ab lien unb «onnen n,d)t unbe,,cngt gelnffcn. J^-rennbc nnb^cinbe, bie mir 
ge,5mungcn 1)0 en unfcre a^crbienfte <in,^nertcnncn unb bic bnucrnbcn 3?enfma(c 
unferer 9(nmcfenf)e.t, b.e mir gcftiftet, fie merbcn fiir unb t-on un§ jengen 
imuierbnr 1 

eg bcrbicnt bemerft 3« mcrben, bnf, (Tof. 3?. feinc bcntfdje iRcbe mit einigcn 
Son rfnngcn ,n cngl,fd)cr ©pv.id)e cinleitetc unb barin befonberg bog J^erbieuft 
bcr beu |d)en ?(brpt,obiirger bei bcm gcgenmdrtigcn ^cfte betontc. eeinc 
ai>ode r,ntte cuic jiinbcnbc JBirfung unb n(g crmit eincm ,f.od, nuf ,unfer 
gutc., Iiebe. Baltimore" fd)(on, f.inb biefcg bei jcbem 9fnmefcnbcn l.mt n Wm 

^cr ©,cgeg^,efang" Oon mt fd)lof! bic Jeier, melc^c einen miirbigen mWnk 
beg geltngen Sngcg bilbctc. ' ' ^ 



12G MK.MOKIAL VOLUME. 

Ill order that every one may appreciate the force and appo- 
siteiR'ss of this eloquent liarangue, which was entlulsia^stically 
applauded, we append an abstract of it in English, made at 
tlie time : 

(OL. F. KAIXe's SrKKClI. 

" My heart throbs with joy as I survey this immense con- 
coarse of people assembled here in honor of Baltimore's natal 
day. This celebration is well calculated to awaken our just 
pride — it will announce to the world that Baltimore lias kept 
abreast in the great march of progress during the one hun- 
dred and fifty years of her existence — that in the gi-and 
coml«it for national development our cherished city holds her 
own with her sisters, and has realized the fond predictions 
made at the time of her fii-st settlement. Like many of you 
I am one of those who have come to cast their fortunes with 
the people of this country ; still it fills me with pride that 
in the amalgamation of elements which to-day supply the 
strength and animating spirit of the future, that element to 
which I and thousands of you belong occupies an honorable 
idace as a factor in our progressive development. These are 
not idle words .spoken in the enthusiasm of the hour; they 
ar(^ words of conviction, of earnest admonition to preserve the 
ai-ci)mi)lishments of the past; to persevere in the Titanic 
strn,<rgle for national existence, and to rejoice " that we have 
finally so well .succeeded." 

"Was ilir den Gcist ck-r Zfilcn licisst, 
Das ist im Grund dcr Ilcrren cijr'ner Geist, 
In dfiu die Zcilcii sii-h Ijcs^picgelu." 

(\\'liat yon call the spirit of the times is, in reality, your 
own sjiirit, in which the times are reflected.) 

I would like much to give utterance to further thought, but 
"sound reason and good sense can be expressed with little 
art," and T mnst rely upon it that all of you assembled here 
to-day will see in this festival an incitation to profit by the 
teachings and experience of the past, and to assist in solving 
the great problem of the future. But now "let me first .speak 
of our ancestors, for it is proper to devote to them, on an occa- 
sion of this kind, an honorable mention; for by their C(.>urage 
they have conquered this laud, and have transmitted it from 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 127 

generation to generation as a free country. But if these are 
■wortliy of praise, our fatliers deserve it in a still liigher 
degree, for tliey liave added to that which they received, all 
that -vre possess. Finally we-^especially those of us advanced 
in years— perfected the inheritance, and have equipped the 
city in every way to the utmost, in order to make it sufficient 
unto itself." 

These words of the great Athenian statesman Pericles 
appear to me a fitting prelude to what I propose to say. I 
fear it may he considered presumptuous if I, the adopted citi- 
zen, speaking the language of the old fatherland, and as the 
spokesman of others mostly bom beyond the waters, should 
allude to former generations, but I beg you to remember that 
we Germans have been in Baltimore " longer than yesterday 
or the day before." 

While many of those who stand before me have lived in 
this country for scarce a quarter of a centuiy, and liave left 
their immediate ancestry on the other side of the great 
Atlantic, I see quite a number of others here assembled whose 
fathers and grandfathers, y^ia, even great-grandfathers, came 
to this country from the bankt. of far-olf German streams, and 
who, in spite of the generations that have since faded into the 
past, still understand my words. With noble pride the Ger- 
man may speak of " Our Baltimore," for Germans were among 
the founders of this city; Germans sat at her cradle; German 
merchants helped to develop her commerce; German industry 
contributed to establish her renown abroad, and the thrift 
and enterprise of our German mechanics have done much to 
secure for Baltimore the prosperity she enjoys. 

I can assert with pride to-day that German blood flows in 
the veins of every second resident of our city; that every 
third name in our city directory is of German origin; that 
every fourth Baltimorean is descended in one way or the 
other from Germans; tliat every fifth one understands Ger- 
man, and every sixth can read and speak that language. 
Surely a nationality which can trutlifully say this of itself 
in a land where it is not indigenous may claim the right to 
participate in a prominent manner in a demonstration like 
the present. 



128 MKMOHIAL VOLUME. 

One liiindrefl and fifty years ayo our city was first founded, 
and ill the vicinity of the spot where now the dome of c ur 
magnificent City Ihill glistens in the sun — a building, by the 
•\vay, built by a Cierman-American — the first sixty acres were 
surveyed as IJaltiniore town. Where now the stately ware- 
houses stand on Charles street, between Lombard and Ger- 
man, lived in those days the German tobacco planter, John 
Flemming, " Dutch as Sauerkraut ; " for when people were 
debating to find a name for one of the new lanes of the young 
town, they finally agreed to call it German street, and that 
name it bears to this day. If yon sui-vey the mottoes with 
which my friend Mr. Arunah S. Abell has so appropriately 
decorated his " Sun Building," you will find one in the centre 
of the third row of windows which reads, " To what proi)or- 
tious has John l-leniming's cabbage garden grown," which 
allows of the interpretation that Baltimore, or a greater part 
of it, was originally a German cabbage garden. 

The name of Uhler is familiar to you all. A (ierman 
family transplanted it to these shores, and to this day many 
of the Ulders understand (ierman, in spite of the fact that we 
had an "Uhler's nm" liere long before Baltimore existed. It 
has been said "that the devil builds a tavern near every 
church." The adage may be trne as to his satanic majesty, 
but I can tell you of a German who built a tavern on Gay 
street, near the falls, where to-day Mr. Christian Gehl catei-s 
to the thirsty, when there was no church within the circuit of 
ten miles of the place, and the name of the German who built 
this, Baltimore's first tavern, was John Ilorst. 

The fii'st Germans in lialtimore were a pious people, for the 
second church ever erected here belonged to a German con- 
gregation, whose pastor was Christian Faber. This was built 
in 17;")S. Scarcely half a lifetime afterward tlie Otterbeiu 
Church was built here, whose congregation some six years 
ago celebrated its centennial. If you read carefully the works 
and essays of my gifted youTig friend Col. J. Tlios. Scharf, yon 
will find that the Germans were a power in P>altimore as long 
ago as one hundred and twenty-five and one liuudred and fifty 
years. lie will tell yon of "Steiger's Meadow," on which 
to-tlav the houses of the fourth and fifth wards are Imilt. He 



ISIEJIOUIAL VOLUME. 129 

clu-onicles the fact that the (lennaii carpenter Jacob Kuhliord 
became purchasing a-ent for the Continental army during our 
Revolutionary struggle under the name of Jake Keeport. He 
will inform you that the first miller of Baltimore, George M. 
Meyev was a German, and that the grandmother of another 
well-l^'nown family was the first German midwife here. 
Besides these you will find in his works hundi-eds of German 
names representing people who one hundred or one hundred 
and fifty years ago immigrated to this coimtry, and whose 
descendants to-day are numbered among the " first families " 
of Baltimore. I name here only the Smitlis, Hott'mans, 
Schleys, Van Bibbers, Getzendanners, Lingenfeldters, Bentz, 
Stouffer's, Stoners, Shoemakers, Steiuers, Baltzells, Kui-tz, Gists, 
Alberts, Bakers, Larshs, &c. 

As early as 1748 a German, named Barnitz, built the first 
brewery here. Lager beer was, of course, not thought of 
then, for it began to flourish only a hundred years thereafter, 
and it was my old friend AYm. Holtzman who, in 1845, im- 
ported the first lager from Philadelphia, and thus achieved 
an immortality among Baltimore beer-drinkers. A numerous 
and opulent brewers' guild has since arisen here, and sees to 
it that Baltimore is not famished with thirst nor ruined by. 
the abuse of alcohol. 

When the war for our independence began, the Germans of 
Maryland rallied in entire regiments, and those of Baltimore 
in whole companies, and the renowned Baron T)e Kalb, who 
fell at Camden, S. C, on the IGth of August, 1780, while 
gloriously leading a charge of the "^Maryland Line," was a 
German hero. When the Continental Congress was compelled 
to fly from Philadelphia, in 1778, a German of Baltimore, :Mr. 
Jacob Veit, (Fite,) offered them an asylum in his large hall, 
corner of Baltimore and Sharp streets. But not this alone. 
The first market liall of Baltimore was established by Cier- 
mans. Their names were Keener and Hart, and among the 
incorporators of the first fire company, George Lindenberger 
was no inconsiderable personage. 

Our countrymen, a hundred years ago, were so energetic 
and highly respected here that our local historian says of 
them : " These enterprising Germans were at work in extend- 



130 MEMOKIAL VOLi:.ME. 

iiij^ the city long before the Purviances, Lawsons, Spears, 
McLures, Calhouns and the other Scoteh-Iririh Presbyterians, 
to whom tlie city owes so much of its jirosiJerity, had set <a 
foot on this continent." 

Tlie Germans wlio settled here Ijei'ore the Ivevolutioa, came, 
with few exceptions, from the I'alatinate, via England — they 
were not direct immigrants. Tliey came mostly from Lan- 
caster, Heading and Yorlc, Pa., and quite a number had been 
born in tliis country, of (ierman parentage, as, for instance, 
the Poliiis, SlinglulFs, Stouffers and other.s. But they clung to 
the German language and to (Jerman custom; and while they 
were devotedly attadied to their new country, they were not 
ashamed of tlieir German origin. It was not until after the 
peace of ^'er.sallles that Paltimore received a direct German 
immigration. 

Tlie opulent merchants of the free cities of Bremen and 
Hamburg began to found agencies here and to send their 
ve.ssels to our port, and these brought to our city and State 
many valuable accessions. Toward the close of the year 17'JO 
there werc numerous German business firms and shipping 
houses in the young seaport, and when in 179(5 Baltimore was 
raised to the dignity of a city, there were among the seven 
members of the first city council, three Germans — Engelhard 
Yeiser, George Lindenberger and Peter Hoffman. 

The directory of 1796 contains the German names of 
Alrichs, Altvater, Baum, Bantz, Brantz, Bausmann, Beck, 
Eiselin, Horner, Enrich, Engel, Fisher. Fanbel, Fornei, Fuss, 
Getz, Hartmanu, Tllrschberger, Helner, Kimme, Kaufmann, 
Keilholtz, Kolb, Keyser, Kurtz, Lautermilcli, Lorman, Lutz, 
Messerschmidt, Mlltenbcrger, Baltzer, Muimikhny.sen, Klttle- 
moser, Peluhardt. Pelnecke, Butter, Sclnvartz, Schrlver, Sei- 
denstricker, Schryock, Sumwalt, Sanerwein, Stiever, Steger, 
Stump, Strieker, Stauffer, Sultzer, Uhler, Klopper, Ziegler, 
Zimmerman, ZolllkofFer, &c. Many of these stood at the head 
of lariri' business enterprises; several, like the Bmntzes, Key- 
sers, ririiiii's, Stouffers, and others, had vessels, iilowliig tlie 
ocean, and controlled the West India trade. 

It would l)e Impracticable here to trace the animal develop- 
ments of tlie CJermans in Baltimore, year by year. Let it suf- 



JIEMOniAL VOLUME. 131 

floe to remark tliat already durint,^ the last century a German 
took upon liimself the martyrdom of publiHliiuK a tierman 
newspaper in Baltimore. And when, in 1812, our yount,' repub- 
lic was compelled a second time to battle for her independence 
against Great Britain, the Germans of Baltimore sent a com- 
plete company of sliarpsliooters into the field, and tJie officer 
in command of our harbor defenses against the fleet of Admi- 
ral Cockbnrn, was Major Armstadt, a descendant of a German 
family that once settled in the Shenandoah Valley, and whose 
monument formerly stood on the Calvert street spring lot. 

Immigration of Germans in great numbers began about the 
time of the Vienna congress, and since those days our coun- 
trymen have landed here by hundreds and thousands, and a 
gi-eater or smaller percentage of them have remained in Balti- 
more. These immigrants of the latter half of the last century 
have carved the record of their deeds in flaming letters upon 
tlie pages of our city's i)rogressive history. 

Baltimore's glass industry was founded by a German— his 
name was Amelung. Baltiniore bridges have been sent to all 
parts of the continent ; they span the ravines of the Alle- 
ghanies, the mighty streams of the West and South, the 
canyons of the Rocky mountains, the abysses of the Andes, 
the streams of the South American pampas. The descendant 
of a German, Wendell Bollman, has created this industry in 
our city. Baltimore piano-fortes are world-renowned; the 
piano industry was founded by Germans, and is to-day exclu- 
sively under the control of Germans. The manufacture of 
bricks, the preparation of hair for commerce, are among the 
industrial branches created by German immigrants; a Ger- 
man established the first fruit and oyster-packing house, 
another the largest tobacco factory in the State and one of 
the largest in the world; but besides these great achieve- 
ments of our countrymen, look where you please in the busi- 
ness world, you will find Germans in commanding positions 
and often in command. The druggist business, wholesale and 
retail, is almost entirely in the hands of Germans and their 
descendants; butchers, bakers, shoemakers, tailors, grocers 
and retail dealers in general are largely Gennan, and in 



132 JIEilOlUAL VOLL'.MK. 

wliolesale coininerce our counfiymen also have acheived 
positions wliich entitle tliem to respect. 

I could mention many proud names of Germans who have 
benefited the city of their adoption in one way or another, 
but it would take too much time, and I might happen to 
omit many highly deserving citizens. I have, moreover, 
reached a point where the opinion expressed by the Latin 
proverb " Nomina odiosa sunt " (names are odious) deserves 
consideration. 

Sliall 1 tell you now what the Germans have done for oui 
sochil life, for the expansion and development of artistic 
taste, for education and religion? Shall I toll you that they 
have founded orphan asylums, churches and schools ; that 
they have organized social and beneficial associations, and 
have acted for years as " maitres de plaisir " for the ]>alti- 
moreans? You know all this as well as myself, and I may 
therefore bring my remarks to a close. 

I prefaced my remarks by a quotation from the most cele- 
brated speech of I'ericles, and will conclude with another 
(piotation from the great Athenian. It would sound like a 
boast coming from an individual, but you have lionored me 
by choosing me for the representative of the Germans of Bal- 
timore ; of the Germans who lielped to found and to build up 
the city, and to whom the post of lionor was conceded in this 
great festival week. These Germans may well say of them- 
selves, in the proud words of Pericles : " For we have given 
gi-eat proofs of our activity, and have not left our kiiowledge 
and power without witnesses. Friends and enemies, whom 
we liave forced to acknowledge our merits, and the lasting 
monuments of our presence, will bear witness for us for 
•nennore." 

When the a]>plause was eiuled the exercises closed with 
Abt's triumphal song and chorus, ".Vfter the IJattle in tlie 
Teutoburger Forest," sung by the united societies, which 
suj)plied two hundred cultivated voices and a comiietent full 
orchestra. The lanterns were lighted, beer flowed ]ilentifully 
but in moderation, and the grounds were thronged with 



ME>rORIAL VOLUME. 133 

pleasiu'e seekers duriny tlie remainder of the day and evening. 
It was after eleven at niglit before the crowd at the Schuetzen 
Park began to disperse. 

In connection with these speeches it is perhaps proper to 
give an account of the celebration of the festival by the 
]\Iaryland Historical Society, whicli took place on Tuesday 
afternoon, October 12th, at the Academy of Music. We break 
the strict chronological order of events, to be enabled to 
embrace in a single chapter an account of all the leading 
and formal oratory elicited by the occasion. As the Mary- 
land Historical Society has already published its own account 
of these ijerformances in a very handsome volume,* we must 
content oiu*selves here with a brief report and abstract. 

The society had its regular meeting on ^Monday evening, 
October 11th, the first day of the municipal celebration, and 
tliat on which the civic procession took place. Mr. Jolm 
Austin Stevens read his paper on tlie Surrender of Yorktown, 
and the society unanimously adopted a series of congratula- 
tory resolutions, as follows : 

"Resolved, To place upon the records of this society a 
minute of our admiration of the display this day made, in 
the streets of Baltimore, of the historic growth and actual 
state of the manifold industries of this city — an exhibition 
which, in its magnitude, its variety, and its ingenious and 
beautiful devices, illustrating the harmonious union of labor 
and capital, has surpassed all kindred displays in this com- 
munity, and has given to citizens, as well as strangers, a sur- 
prising and instructive lesson, never to be forgotten by the 
present generation. 

" Jiesolved, That the congratulations of this society be 
respectfully tendered to the Mayor of Baltimore, to the 
Municipal Executive Committee, consisting of Messrs. Francis 
P. Stevens, J. Thomas Scharf, James R. Herbert, Heniy C. 
Smith and John T. Ford, and to the German Executive Com- 
mittee, that this historic commemoration has been inaugu- 



* Fund-Publication No. 16. Proceedings of tlie Maryland Historical Society in 
connection with the celebration of the One Hundred and Fiftieth Auniversaiy of 
the Settlement of Baltimore, October 12, 1880. 



134 MKMOUIAL VOLUME. 

Kited with a decree of skill, good order, and popular eutnu- 
siasiii, which reflects upon all who have been concerned in 
the plans the very hitrhest credit." 

The society also .struck a medal in conuuenioratiDU of the 
occasion, which was worn by members duriiii,' the celebration. 
It consisted of an impression, in cop])er, of the .society's seal, 
mounted upon a ribbon of yellow and black, the coloi-s of 
Loi-d P.altimore's family anus. 

On Tuesday, October r2th, at three o'clock in the afternoon, 
a lart;-e audience met in the Academy of ^lusic, to witness the 
proceedings of the Historical Society in commemoration of 
the city's one hundred and fiftieth anniversary. Admission 
to the Academy was given by tickets, which were distributed 
throvigh the members of the society. A limited number of 
special invitations was also issued. The exercises were as 
follows : 

Music — Festival Overtm-e, Leutner — by Orchestm under tlie 
direction of Mr. J. H. Kosewald. Scene 1. The Site of Balti- 
more while Occupied by Indians. Music — Gavotte, (Louis 
XV), Lee. Scene II. Baltimore as it was in the First Centuiy 
after the Settlement of Slaryland — the Groups in tlie fore- 
ground in the Costume of 1752. Ode composed for the occa- 
sion by Hon. John II. B. Latrobe, I'resident of the Society, 
which was read by IJev. John G. Morris, D. D. Music — 
La Belle Amazon, Loeschorn. Scene III. Baltimore in 1880, 
as sc(Mi froni I'ederal Hill Park. Oi~ation by Gen. Cliarles E. 
Phelp.s. Music — The Star Si)angled P>annor; soloists, Mrs. Ida 
V. Pacetti, ^Ir. T. S. Watts, ]\Ir. John Schomann ; chorus by 
prominent members of the Baltimore Liederkranz. 

The committees of the Maryland Historical Society on this 
celebration Avere as follows: on Invitatioiv, (ieorge B. Cole, 
Edward Stabler, Jr., John M'. M. Lee; on Scenic Reiiresenta- 
tion, C. Ti. Oudesluys, Alexander J. (!od1)y, John McKim; on 
Beceptioii, Joseph M. Cushing, George P.. Cole, John AV. McCoy, 
James Carey Coale, Clayton C. Hall, Edward Stabler, Jr., Faris 
C. Pit(, .liilin W. M. Lee. The committees acknowledge many 
obligations to Mr. Samuel W. Fort, of the Academy, and to 
Mr. Griffith Morgan, the painter of the scenery for the tab- 
leaux. These pictures were very lifelike and deserved the 



mk:\ioiual volume. 135 

general encomiums bostoAved upon them. In the first scene 
tlie object sought was to present as nearly as possible the 
original wilderness and primaeval forest as they might have 
been on the site of IJaltimore before the white man came. 
This site must have furnished both iisliing and hunting 
of such an unsurpassed sort that it could not fail to be a 
frequent resort of the Indians, though they may not have 
had any permanent villages near by. We know that their 
"Kitchen-middens" exist lower down the Patapsco, at Spar- 
row's Point, and elsewhere " down the neck." In the tableau, 
as set upon the stage, there was the suggestion of such a ten- 
ancy of the site of Baltimore, coupled with the other sugges- 
tion that these people were only nomads seen under favorable 
circumstances. Several Indians, with their squaws, clad in 
the spoils of the chase, with intent eyes and sad and drooping 
figures, gazed off from tlie scene as if to watch the approach 
of Smith's shallop. In the words of Mr. Latrobe's poem, 
which was meant to be the chorus to this scenic procession, 

"Alre;ul\' the Indian, with ear to tLie earth, 
He.ars the tread of the white man, tlie sound of his mirth ; 
And, folding his arms on his grief-swollen breast, 
Prepares for the fate lliat no power can arrest, 
As the star-march of empire Is turned to the West." 

The second scene presented the Baltimore of Moale's well- 
known sketch of 1752. In the foreground the attempt was 
made to rehabilitate the ladies and gentlemen, the yeomen 
and laborers of the pei'iod. The costumes at least were accu- 
rate, and a semi-pastoral scene was given — the farm-hands 
and " redemptioners " of the day, the landlords, tenants on 
lease of still greater landlords. The half-built schooner, 
emblem of a nascent trade, stood on the stocks by the river 
waiting to be launched. On the further side of the river, in 
the background, were the hills and valleys of a rolling country, 
such as may still be recognized, in North and West Baltimore 
more particularly, through all the years of change and growth 
of a century and a half. Scene third showed a very fine pic- 
ture of the city as it now stands, with the harbor, sliips and 
steamships on itj as seen from Federal Hill Park, where the 
finest view can be had. The ode of Mr. Latrobe was read 
between the second and third scenes by the Rev. Dr. .lohn (i. 



136 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

.Morris. His euunciatioii aiul eiiiplmsis, just and accurate, 
euaI)lo(l every hearer to understand liow intimately the poem 
and tlie tableaux were related — the hatter the illustration of 
tlie former — but in fact the jjoem put in connected woi'ds 
what the pictures gave in detached fra.y-ments. In the verses 
the scene moved and a panorama of ]5altiinore was displayed, 
from IT.'U) down to 1880. The primaeval forest and its ancient 
pojjulation, beast and man, the wliite man's coming and his 
crops and trade, the gusts of war, through which burst 

"The accents of the noblest song 
That ever caused the blood to start 
Volcanic in a people's heart — " 

the triumphs of peace, the infinite services of the steam genie, 
the harnessing of the lightning, the taxing of invention and 
all its infinite resources for man's service, the sijleudid growth 
and development of the city in internal and domestic com- 
merce, in communication with all the world, in humanity, 
cliarity and all the arts and accomplishments of cultivated 
intelligence — 

"Here learning builds its temples — here 

Art finds a genial home ; 
Ilere music, with its accents clear, 

Pervades the echoing dome ; 
Here whirls the spindle, hums the wheel, 
Here on the anvil rings the steel. 
Here science wins a world's applause, 
Here genius inspiration draws 
From Xaturc's fruitful fields; 
While education, free as air — 
A people's first and noblest care — 
To all its treasures yields — " 

the orderly and stately procession of all this growth and de- 
veloi)inent was all of it celebrated in this ode, tlie numbers of 
which marched as became such a knightly city's progress. 

The oration of Gen. Phelps earned and merited the praises 
given it for a thoughtful, well-matured and very manly speech, 
carefully studied, bristling with i)ungent and apposite allu- 
sions, full of wit and humor, and not without a satire which 
masked its batteries but did not unshot its guns behind a 
screen of sincere and insouciant kindliness. Mr. Phelps spoke 
with the bonhommie of one who knew himself to be free of 
the guild, and, therefore, fully entitled to criticise and find 



MEJIORIAL VOLUME. 137 

fault, and tliere was a delightful frankness in the way in 
which he stammered between the transmitted congenital New 
pjigland propensity to teach us something better than we 
know and do and the urbanely timid self -confession : " the 
deuce is in it if I don't believe any change in them would be 
for the worse!" Mr. Phelps' oration would possibly have 
been thouglit surcharged with historic doubts but for the fact 
that he gave Baltimore the benefit of every one of them. 
Slow and sleepy we are, he said, but in the next breath ad- 
mitted that we had so many excellent excuses for it. His 
tribute to the old ^Maryland virtue of hospitality was as his- 
torically accurate as it was genially and gracefully put. After 
"pitching into" tobacco and the sins it was responsible for, 
the speaker added : 

" But let us at the same time be just. Let us give tobacco 
its due. There is a credit page on this ledger. Had there 
been no culture of tobacco, no plantation system, and no 
slavery in the tidewater region, and if, in consequence of free 
farm labor the population of those counties had increased so 
rapidly that the overflow would have settled up the back 
country north of the Patapsco, and planted a great city there 
in 1680, instead of 1730, with an impulse and a growth like 
that of Philadelphia or New York, it must still be remem- 
bered that such a great city, whatever name it might have 
borne, would not liave been the Baltimore that we know and 
cherish. Whatever else might have been present, something 
would have been wanting, and that something is exactly the 
ingredient that has given the Baltimore that we live in and 
love, its flavor and its individuality. The first settlement of 
the province began at its southern extremity and worked 
upward along either shore. The planters, many of them, 
faced each other across the tidewater creeks and rivers. Free 
and frequent was the intercourse, with oars and sails, over 
those tempting water highways. This constant interchange 
of social visits was primarily the secret of that old Maryland 
Jiospitality , which was as open as free, and as fascinating as 
the Chesapeake itself, and as boundless as the wealth of 
luxury tliat swam through its waters, or clung to its oozy bed, 
or crawled along its shores, or sped with rushing wing across 



138 MEMORIAL V(JI.UME. 

its points and headlands. A man can well afford to be hos- 
pitable who owns an expert that can drag a dinner for a dozen 
or more guests on short notice out of the salt water just below 
his kitchen, and in the kitchen has old Aunt Kitty or Aunt 
Kachel, with her liead turbancd in the flaming folds of a high 
bandana, waiting to shuck 'em or roas 'em. Times have 
changed and we change with them. But let us never cease to 
clierish this old-fashioned Maryland virtue, even if the sur- 
vival of it only is left us in a shiuveled and meagi-e image of 
its generous anti(iue type. Let us, even as a busy and bust- 
ling commercial city, continue to claim it as our lawful inher- 
itance, even if the malicious insinuation be founded in some 
semblance of fact that an invitation to take tea in I3altlmore 
is wortli a week's board on the Eastern Shore. It was a life 
to develop a warm and healtliy home influence, and with it a 
vigorous and well-proportioned physical habit. Boys and 
girls grew up in the saddle, and all knew how to sail a pungy 
and i)addle their o^\ni canoe. It Avas worth while to have been 
a Maryland boy in those days, to be turned loose anywhere 
out of doors with an old flint-lock, pouch and powder-horn. 
Deer, wild turkey and pheasant abounded in the woods, siupe 
and woodcock in marsh and thicket, the opossum and the rac- 
coon played in the moonlight, coveys of partridge whistled in 
the fields, wild swan, geese and ducks haunted the creeks in 
prodigious masses. The gentlemen whiled away much idle 
time in fo.x hunting, and the ladies, relieved by the attend- 
ance of house servants from domestic drudgery, and devoting 
themselves to the more congenial occupations of entertain- 
ment, escaped froni genei-ation to generation the blighting 
effects ui)on fenuile beauty of that monotonous life of toil and 
isolation which has worried so many farmers' Avives into ugli- 
ness or insanity. Thus on many an old Maryland plantation 
were being gradually evolved from luxurious living, elegant 
leisure, congenial society and robust exercise, those fully 
develo]ied forms, witli that graceful style and proudly arclied 
instep, those healthy complexions and dangerous eyes which, 
transplanted, tnuismitted and improved by admixture of 
blood, are seen and admired to-day in the world-rennwiied 
type of Baltimore beauty." 



JIK.MOUIAL V<)LUME. 139 

" Pass the word down the line," said General Phelps in con- 
clusion,- dreamers and croakers to the rear; live men to the 
front! Let the golden glow of the orange still symbolize the 
best and brightest and noblest of her past; and as for the 
black, let it symbolize in coal and iron the energies and 
implements of a busier and more prosperous future." 

The oration was received with great approval. When it 
ended, the "Star-Spangled Banner" was sung in accordance 
with the programme, in a way which roused the audience to 
enthusiasm. At the close all stood up, and the applause was 
exhilarating in its sincerity and warmth. 

In the evening the banquet of the Society took place in the 
foyer of the Academy of ]\Iusic. Seven tables were laid, one 
hundred and sixty persons sat down to the cheerful feast, and 
the room, elaborately decorated with flowers, growing plants, 
evergreens and appropriate devices, presented a striking and 
brilliant scene. An orchestra of stringed instruments fur- 
nished appropriate music from behind the thicket of foliage 
that screened the stage. The respective tables were presided 
over by Hon. John H. B. Latrobe, President of the Maryland 
Historical Society, Hon. Francis Putnam Stevens, Chairman 
of the ]\Iunicipal Executive Committee, Mr. Pvobert A. Fisher, 
President of the Baltimore Board of Trade, ^Mr. Daniel C. 
Oilman, President of the Johns Hopkins University, JNIr. 
Charles D. Fisher, ]\Ir. Robert Garrett, and the Hon. Thomas 
J. Morris, Judge of the United States District Court. JMr. 
Latrobe's table, in front of the stage, was devoted to the dis- 
tinguished guests and their escorts. The President had Hon. 
AVm. M. Evarts, Secretary of State, on his right hand and on 
his left Mr. Peter Cooper. Mayor Latrobe occupied one end 
of this table, ex-Governor John Lee Carroll the other. The 
invited guests who were present were Hon. William ]\I. Evarts, 
Washington; Hon. Horace Maynard, Washington ; Hon. Peter 
Cooper, New York ; His Excellency Le Baron de Mayr, Aus- 
trian Minister ; Count Lippe, Austria ; Hon. John Lee Carroll, 
Howard county; His Worship F. E. Gilman, Acting Mayor 
of Montreal; Hon. Oliver A. ]\Iiller, Howard county; Hon. 
Kichard Grason, Baltimore county; Hon. John Jay Knox, 
Washington ; Kev. J. S. B. Hpdges, D. D., Rector of St. Paul's 



140 JIEMOHI.VL Y0LU5IE. 

rarish ; Rear-Adiniral John Kodgers, U. S. N., "Washington ; 
Kear-Adiniral (ieorge B. JJalch, U. S. X., Annapolis; Brig. -Gen. 
K. B. Ayres, U. S. A., Fort McIIenry; Commander li. ]"". Pick- 
ing, U. S. S. Kearsarge ; Commander B. ^y. Meade, IT. S. S. Van- 
dalia; Mr. John Austin Stevens, New York; Mr. Harvey X. 
Shepard, Boston ; Dr. Theodore Gill, "Washington ; Mr. E. K. 
Stevenson, I'hiladolphia; Dr. J. A. AVeisse, Xew York. A\'lien 
the guests were all assembled, grace was said by Eev. Dr. 
Hodges, rector of St. Paul's Church, and the company sat 
down to dinner. It was called a commemorative dinner, and 
the committee, while seeldug to make it strictly a feast of 
reason and a flow of soul, did not eschew ilaryland deliiracies. 
There were oysters, sheepshead, pheasants, fruits — and a spice 
of genuine Attic salt gave flavor to everything. Mayor La- 
trobe .spoke to the toast of " The City of Baltimore," and Sec- 
retary Evarts responded for the United States. He said he 
had gained a great deal of knowledge by this visit and should 
return to Washington knowing more than many of his coun- 
trymen of that wonderful stream, Jones' Falls, and of Tow.son- 
town. Postmaster-General Maynard also spoke to the toast 
of "Our Friends and Xeighbors," Governor Carroll to that of 
"Civil and Religious Liberty," Dr. Frank T. Miles spoke for 
"The Liberal Arts," Mr. John K. Cowen on "Schools and 
Charities," and Mr. J. Y. L. Findlay on "The Birthday of a 
Nation's Anthem." Mr. E. F. (iilman, the visiting Mayor of 
Montreal, also made some pleasing remarks, and letters of 
regret at their inability to attend were read from Hon. Robert 
C. M'inthroi>, Hon. Thomas F. Bayard, Chauncey F. Black, 
Esq., of York, Pa., Hon. Fred. W. M. llolliday, (Jovernor of 
Yirginia, (ieorge IT. Calvert, Esq., the author, of Newport, 
R. I., John William Wallace, Esq., President of the Historical 
Society of Pennsylvania, Frederick Fraley, Esq., President of 
the American Philosophical Society, I'rancis ]>rinley, Esq., 
Yice-I'resident of the Rhode Island Historical Society, (ieorge 
E. Ellis, Esq., of Boston, and J. W. Bmdbuiy, Esq., President 
of the Maine Historical Society. 



CHAPTER SIXTH. 

Seconil and Tliir«l l>ay$« cf the Festival. 

THE second day of the great festival, Tuesday, October 
l'2tli, was set apart for tlie parade of the ^lasoiis, the 
Knights TempLar, the public and private school children. 
The following is the official programme : 

First Division — Eminent Sir W. A. Hanway, G. C. G., Chief 
Marshal. Aids— V. E. Sir John P. S. Gobin, G. C. G. of Grand 
Encampment U. S., R. E. Sir Henry W. ]\Iarston, Chief of 
Staff, Em. Sir Jas. P. Pierson, Sir Frank P. Stevens, Sir E. S. 
Dudley, Sir H. Adreon, Sir E. L. Bartlett, Sir fhos. J. Hay- 
ward, Sir Gilmer Meredith, Sir Wm. F. Kunkle, Sir H. Kowan, 
Sir J. Henry Snyder, Sir Joshua Horner, Jr., Sir J. "\V. Snyder. 

Second Division — Grand Commanderyof Maryland Knights 
Templar. Wilson Post Band. Eminent Sir Geo. Ross Cof- 
froth. Grand Commander. Aids — Em. Sir J. E. "Waugh, Chief 
of Staff, Em. Sir W. H. Ruby, Em. Sir E. G. Davis, Em. Sir A. 
R. Redsecker. Mounted — De Molay Commandery, of AVash- 
iugton, sixty in number, I. M. Johnson, Eminent Commander. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Maryland Commandery, Charles G. Edwards, Eminent Com- 
mander; j\[onumental Commandery, George E. Kendall, Emi- 
nent Commander; Beauseant Commandeiy, J. Kos. Parker, 
Eminent Commander — Frederick City Band; Baltimore Com- 
mandery, J. A. C. Kahler, Eminent Commander ; Crusade 
Conimandery, George L. McCahan, Eminent Commander; St. 
John's Commandery, of AVilmington, Del., James H. I'rice, 
Eminent Commander. 

SECOND DH'ISION. 

Eminent Sir Robert Boyd, ^Marshal ; James E. "Waugh, Chief 
of Staff. Aids— E. G. Davis, Wm. 11. Ruby, A. R. Redsecker, 



142 MEMORIAL VOLLMi:. 

iiiouiited. Marine Ijaud and Drum Corps. '\A'asliingtoii Com- 
mandery, of Washington, W. J. Steplienson, Eminent Com- 
mander; Colnmbia Commandery, of Washington, W. H. Brown, 
Eminent Commander; Kichmond (Va.) Commandery, James 
E. Seott, Eminent Commander; Old Dominion Commandery, 
of Alexandi-ia, J. P. Beckham, Eminent Commander; Potomac 
Commandeiy, of Georgetown, D. C, George E. Corson, luninent 
Commander. 

TniKD DIVISIIIN. 

Very Eminent Sir George W. ICendrick, Marshal ; Sir F. 
AVlieeler, Chief of Staff. Aids — Sirs Samuel Kegester, George 
Ilussell and Silas M. Hamilton, Weccacoe Band, twenty pieces, 
of I'hiladelphia; (irand Commandery of Pennsylvania, D. W. 
C. Carroll, (irand Commander; Pliiladelphia Commandery, W. 
H. List, Captain-General ; St. John's Commandery, of Philadel- 
phia, 1). E. Dealy, Eminent Commander; Kadosh Commandery, 
of Philadelphia, Augustus K. Hall, Eminent Commander; 
Kensington Commandery, of Pennsylvania, J. Albertson, Emi- 
nent Commander ; St. Alban Commandery, of riiiladelphia, 
Isaac C. Price, Eminent Commander; Corinthian Command- 
ery, of Peimsylvania, George S. Graham, Eminent Commander; 
Lancaster Commandery, of Pennsylvania, Amos G. Monahan; 
Baldwin No. 2 Commandery, of Williamsport, Pa., Jolm F. 
Laedlein, Eminent Commander ; Mary Commandery, of i'liil- 
adelphia, A. B. l^nderdown. Eminent Commander; Cyrene 
Commandery, Camden, X. J., Marmaduke B. Taylor, Eminent 
Commander. 

FOURTH DIVISION. 

Fifth Regiment Band and full Drum Conts. The Grand 
Royal Arcli Chapter of Maryland, E. J. Oppelt, Grand High 
Priest, and the Grand I.,odge of Maryland, John M. Carter, 
Grand Master. This was the fii-st time the Grand Lodge 
ever appeared in a civic procession, and the fii-st time they 
appeared in a Masonic parade since 18GG, when the corner- 
stono of the iMasonic Temple was laid, while the Royal Arch 
Chapter had not appeared in a public parade since the year 
1829. The Grand Royal Arch Chapter, eighty men, wore, 
besides their black uniforms, white aprons trimmed with red 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 1-13 

silk, and a red badge, on whicli was i)rinted the day and date 
of tlie procession. Tliey were officered by Messrs. E. J. Oppelt, 
F. J. S. Gorgas, Wm. T. Cochran, C. V. S. Levy, E. L. Parker 
and George Slieive. Beautiful silk banners of the four tribes 
of Israel — Dan, Ephraiin, Reuben and Judah — were carried 
by Messrs. T. B. Hammond, Levi Weaver, Nathan Lehman 
and Chas. Herzog. The ark of the covenant was borne by 
Messrs. Thomas H. Kelly, O. H. Balderston, M. K. Frank 
and C. Mehlgarten. The Grand Lodge of Maryland, aljout 
one thousand strong, commanded by W. B. Lyons, Chief Rhir- 
shal, were dressed in black, the officers wearing white moire 
antique aprons, trimmed with purple and gold, and the (irand 
Master and Warden white aprons, trimmed with purple lace. 
The Grand Lodge jeAvelry, of solid gold, Avas worn. First the 
officers of the Grand Lodge, then the Standard-Bearer, Past 
Masters, Masters and Wardens of subordinate lodges and the 
Grand Tyler, Charles E. Kemp. The officers were : John M. 
Carter, U. W. G. M. ; John S. Tyson, D. G. M. ; W. H. Jordon, 
of Cambridge, S. G. W. ; Thomas J. Shryock, J. G. AY.; Wm. M. 
Busey, S. G. D.; A. R. McClellan, J. G. D.; Wm. H. King, S. G. 
D. ; James D. Mason, J. G. S. ; Jacob H. Medairy, G. S. ; Wood- 
ward Abrahams, G. T.; James W. Bowers, G. L. ;'Alvin Cou- 
riell, G. M. C; H. R. Eisenbrandt, G. P.; John C. McCahan, G. 
S. B. The standard was borne by J. Van Tromp, G. H. Mar- 
riott, Philip Keil, Gustavus Brown, H. N. Hurtt, Samuel 
Holmes, L. E. Freeman, Wm. Shipley, George H. Ross and 
J. W. Hawkins. The following were Chief ]\Iarshal Lyon's 
aids : Gen. E. B. Tyler, S. Downing, Jr., W. H. Cassell, J. P. 
Meanley, E. M. Mitchell, George Kirwin, Charles Reckitt, 
Thomas Snow, John Harvey, Richard H. Conway and Francis 
Gates. Among the visitors taking part in the procession were 
representatives from Washington I^odge No. 3, which was 
organized in 1770, at Fell's Point. Two of the Old Defenders, 
E. J. Daneker and Elijah Stansbury, are members of this 
lodge. There were also representatives present from Waverlj 
Lodge, Baltimore county. 



144 MEMOIUAL VOKLME. 

PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

FIFTH DIVISION. 

Prof. C. C. Wiijlit, Marshal. Maryland Xational Cadets, 
known as City CoUetre Cadets, officered as follows : Colonel, 
David A. Woodward, .Jr.; staff, (commissioned,) Captain, Wm. 
II. Thomas, Jr.; Lieutenants, George T. Kemp, Wm. McCowan, 
.loseph Valentine, Louis W. New ; staff, (non-commissioned,) 
Commissary-Sergeant, Charles Cugle; Quartermaster-Sergeant, 
Jliram McAfee; Major, K. Foster Danforth ; staff, (commis- 
sioned,) Adjutant, Charles O'B. Mettee ; Quartermaster, Wm. 
Iv. Sattler; Commissary, R. llardie Schley; staff, (non-commis- 
sioned,) Sergeant-Major, l-2dward G. Gill ; Quartermaster-Ser- 
geant, Wm. B. McCaddin ; Commissary-Sergeant, Frank A. 
Stevens. Fii'st company, forty men — Captain, ^\'m. S. Wilson ; 
Fii'st Lieutenant, Adolph Spamer; Second Lieutenant, George 
P. Bouldiu. Second Company, fifty men — Captain, Charles 
Campbell; First Lieutenant, Daniel Llntliicum; Second Lieu- 
tenant, Edward Harvey. Third company, fifty men — Captain, 
R. Harry Willis ; First IJeutenant, Wilmer Black ; Second 
Lieutenant, R. E. Lee Blimline. Independent company of 
Grammar School No. 10, twenty-five muskets, with officers as 
follows: Captain, Benjamin S. Benson; Lieutenant, Clinton 
Richardson; Orderly, W. F. Clialk. Grammar School No. (! 
company, thirty-five muskets, Captain, Charles R. Coleman. 
Jr.; Lieutenants, Wallace King, Jr. and Charles Hughes. In 
a cari'iage, under escort of the cadets, were seated Michael 
Connolly, the oldest of the original public school teachers, 
and Andrew Reese, president of the Howard Fire Insurance 
Company, who went to the first public school, September 21st, 
1829. This was in the basement of Rev. Mr. Musgi-ave's 
church, on Entaw street, between ;Mulberry and Saratoga 
streets, where Rev. Dr. Stork's church now stands. The two 
gentlemen were introduced to the students of Baltimore City 
College, assembled in the college yard, and were received with 
cheers. In the rear of the carriage came thirteen classes of 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 



145 



Baltimore City College, aggregating two liundred pupils. Tliey 
were from fom-teen to twenty years of age, each decorated with 
a badge. At the head of each class a senior member acted as 
marshal, with baton of black, trimmed with orange. A hand- 
some banner was carried at the head of the college pupils, 
surmounted with a golden eagle. One side, black velvet and 
gold, was inscribed " Baltimore City College, 1829-1880. Pub- 
lic Schools of Baltimore. Education a debt due from present 
to future generations." On the reverse side, purple and gold, 
"1730-1880— Sesqui-Centennial Celebration, October 12, 1880," 
with Battle Monument in raised work. Another handsome 
banner had on it George Peabody's motto, "Knowledge is 
Power," the reverse being a United States flag. 

SIXTH DIVISION. 

Prof. W. T. Markland, Marshal. Male Grammar School No. 
1, one hundred pupils, in charge of W. S. Cox, principal; John 
D. Sickle, assistant ; flags were carried at the head and along 
the line with the names and mnnber of the schools. ]\Iale 
Grammar School No. 2, one hundred and thirty-eight pupils, 
in charge of John S. Black, first assistant, and Edwin Hebden. 
Male Grammar School No. 3, one hundred and tliirty pupils, 
in charge of Edward T. Lawrence, first assistant. Male Gram- 
mar School No. 4, one hundred and thirty pupils, in charge 
of Julius J. Miller, principal; II. B. Gwynn, first assistant. 
Male Grammar School No. 5, ninety pupils, in charge of S. A. 
Cremer, principal. Male Grammar School No. 7, fifty pupils, in 
charge of P. J. Doran, principal. INIale Grammar School No. 
8, one hundred and seventy pupils, in charge of John E. 
McCahan, principal ; S. E. Keller, first assistant. 

SEVENTH DIVISION. 

Prof. S. A. Soper, Marshal. Male Grammar School No. 9, 
ninety pupils, in uniform, in charge of C. A. Fairbank, prin- 
cipal ; pupil Joseph Benson, assistant. Male Grammar School 
No. 10, one hundred and six pupils, in charge of H. D. Reese, 
principal; Jacob G. Goodman, assistant. Male Grammar 
School No. 11, seventy pupils, John W. Hooper, principal ; P. H. 
Friese, assistant. Male Grammar School No. 12, eighty pupils, 
R. C. Cole, principal ; W. F. Smith, assistant. IMale Grammar 



llTj HEMOKIAI. VULU.MK. 

Scliool No. 13, sixty pupils, G. B. Loane, principal. [Male 
Gi-ainmar School No. 15, two liuiidrecl and eiglity pupils, 
Georj,'e S. Grape, principal ; T. Y. Hawkins, assistant ; tliese 
impils were officered by boys selected fi-om themselves. 

EIGHTH DIVISION. 

Prof. C. F. Raddatz, Marshal. Male Grammar School Xo. 
17, one hundred pupils, A. F. AVilkerson, principal; numerous 
flags and banners. Male Grammar School Xo. 18, sixty pupils, 
15<isil Sollers, assistant. ^lale Grammar School Xo. 19, tliirty 
pupils in line and thirty with Baltimore City College, C M. 
]'-lliott, principal. Male Grammar School Xo. 20, eighty-four 
pupils, J. "\V. Wilson, first assistant. Male Grammar Scliool 
Xo. 21, one hundi-ed and thirty pupils, T. J. Edwards, principal. 

NINTH Dr\'isiox. 
English-German Schools, Prof. P. Clark, Marshal. j\Iale 
Grammar Scliool Xo. 1, eighty pupils, A. T. King, principal; 
V. Schcer, vice-principal; C. F. Heszler, assistant. Male Gram- 
mar School Xo. 2, sixty-two pupils, Charles Hill, principal; 
Pliilip M'acker, vice-principal. Male Grammar School Xo. 3, 
one luuidred and fifty pupils, J. II. II. Maenner, A-ice-principal; 
August Miller, assistant. INlale Grammar School Xo. 4, one 
lumdred pupils, E. M. Jackson, principal; C. O. Shoein-ich, L. 
B. Schaefer, assistants. Male (Grammar School X'o. o, fifty 
pupils, Charles AV. Hebbel ; George Mack, assistant. Boys of 
the German Orphan Asylum, with banners and decorations. 

TF.NTII PIVISION. 

^lale Grammar Schools, colored, Dr. Bichard Grady, Mar- 
shal, witli banners and colored band. ^lale (irammar Scliool 
No. 1, sixty pupils, D. P. Brown, assistant. Male (irammar 
School Xo. 2, tliirty pupils, D. J. Cumming, jirincipal. Male 
Grammar School Xo. .">, forty pupils, .lolin L. Yater, i)rincii)al. 
Male Grammar School Xo. 4, forty pupils, .lolin A. Kay, assis- 
tant. Male Grammar School Xo. 5, twenty-eight pupils, Wm. 
V. Walton, principal. Male Grammar School Xo. (5, forty-si.\ 
pupils, Saml. T. Lester, principal. Male Grammar School Xo. 
7, fifty pupils, A. D. Clark, assistant. 



MEMOUI.VL VOLUME. 147 

ELEVENTH DIVLSION. 

"Wriglit's IJajicl. St. Joseph's Academy, Marslial, Brother 
Clii'istian, provincial, aild two hundred and fifty scholars ; the 
boys wore badges and yellow rosettes. St. John's Male School, 
Brother Francis, Marslial, and three hundred boys, wearing 
sashes of yellow and black ; among them, mounted on a horse, 
was Lord Baltimore, represented by Willie Keagle, ten years 
old ; the little fellow was clothed in the costume of the olden 
time, and in the Lord Baltimore colors, a black cocked hat 
with yellow plume, white wig and queue, yellow velvet coat 
and black velvet knee pants ; decorated wagon filled with the 
small boys. St. Alphonsus Male School, Brother Firmilian, 
Marslial, and one hundi-ed and fifty boys; in front of the 
school were several little fellows arrayed as knights, and 
wearing cloaks trimmed with lace and caps trimmed with 
fur, making a pleasant picture ; the school boys wore yellow 
and black sashes, and each carried a flag in his hand. St. 
Vincent's IMale School, Brother Antonian, Marshal, and two 
hundred scholars; the scholars wore red sashes. Rock Hill 
College delegation occupied three open barouches; among 
them were Brothers Azarias, Christian, (visitor of the District,) 
Abraham and Alexander, and students; in the centre barouche 
were the flag and arms of the college, with the motto " Virtus 
et Scieiitia." Immaculate Conception Male School, Brother 
Jucundian, Marshal, and one hundred boys ; the officers of the 
school, chosen from the older boys, were: Captain, Joseph H. 
Debring; Lieutenants, Thos. Landring and Bernard Nolan; 
black and yellow rosettes were worn by the children. 

TWELFTH DIVISION. 

Brother Eliphus, ^Marshal. St. Peter's Male School, Brother 
Leonard, Marshal, with two hundred and fifty boys, wearing 
red rosettes and sashes; two decorated wagons attended the 
school, and were occupied by the small cliildren ; Vicar-Gen- 
eral ^McColgan and Rev. O. B. Corrigan were with the school. 
St. ^Martin's JLale School, Brother Edward, Marshal, and one 
hundred boys ; Mt. Pleasant Band Avas in front of the school, 
and the band wagon, finely decorated, followed in the rear, 
filled with the boys; Rev. John S. Foley accompanied the 



11^ jii:.\i(n;iAL volu.me. 

school. St. Mary's Star of the Sea and St. La-\vi-enco, Trof. 
John G. Weha^e, Mai-shal, and one hundi-ed and fifty boys, 
wcarint; bhxck and yellow sashes and rosettes; the school was 
headed by Peck's Band ; Kev. Peter McCoy marched in line 
with the schools. St. Michael's Male School, Brother Pmrj^rer, 
Marshal, and three hundred boys ; the school was headed by 
Silveren's P.and, and the boys Avorc rosettes. St. James's Male 
School, Brother tiassen, Marshal, and two hundred and seven- 
ty-five boys, wearing yellow and black sashes. 

TIHKTKENTII DIVISION. 

Brother Leonard, Marshal. St. Patrick's School, Brother 
Joseph, of the Xavierian Order, Marshal, and one hundred and 
sixty boys, wearing sashes of various bright colors. Holy 
Cross Male School, Frank L. Bopp and George ^Mesenfield, 
Marshals, and one hundred and twenty boys, wearing caps 
and yellow bands ; Rev. M. Vogtman accompanied the parade. 
St. Joseph's ISIale School, Brother Basil, of the Xavierians, 
Marshal, and one hundred and sixty boys, wearing blue sashes 
and black and yellow rosettes. Holy Martyrs' Male School, 
Charles Johnson, Marshal, and one hundred boys, accompa- 
nied l)y Rev. Meinrad Jeggle. St. Francis Xavier Male School, 
(colored,) Felix D. Pye, IMarshal, and sixty-four boys, wearing 
yellow and black sashes. 

This procession of Tuesday was worthy to follow the one of 
Monday. It was composed in such a way as to coinnuind 
many and various interests: the Masonic bodies, so exten- 
sively affiliated with om- citizenship in every form and with 
the plantation of so many of our public institutions; the 
Knights Templar, members of that brilliant convocation 
whose drill is so perfect and whose parades ahvays call out 
such crowds of enthusiastic spectators, and the children of 
our schools, both those public schools which the whole com- 
munity fosters and the more private ones attached to the 
various religious societies and associations affiliated Avith the 
different denominations. 

The term " Sesqui-Centennial weather " has become almost 
proverbial for a season of unclouded skies, bright moonlight, 
temiiered sunshine and salubrious days and nights. Tuesday 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 149 

was fair as any of tliese days, tlie same great tlirongs filled 
tlie streets, joyous, good-temi)ered, full of eager antlcipatlou — ■ 
the holiday bivouac of a proud and patriotic conimuuity. It 
began to be seen that the doubters who fancied the popular 
synii^athy for the festival would expire with the first day's 
celebration reckoned without their hosts and did not take 
into account the depth of feeling which seemed to stir tlie 
heart of every one in thinking of fair Baltimore's golden 
wedding day with time and wealth, power and renown. 

The line of march for the procession was five miles long, 
the route selected such as to present continuously a pictu- 
resque and animated scene. After forming on Park avenue 
and the contiguous streets, the direction followed was liich- 
mond street to Linden avenue, to Townsend street, to Eutaw 
Place, to Wilson street, to Madison avenue, to Mosher street, 
to ]\IcCulloh street, to Townsend street, to Carrollton avenue, 
to Edmondson avenue, to Strieker street, to Lexington street, 
to Carey street, to Baltimore street, to North street, to I^exing- 
ton street,to Ilolliday street, passing the City Hall, to Eayette 
street, and there dismissed. As the route included some of the 
finest residence part of the city, several public squares and 
charitable and benevolent institutions, the number of ladies 
and children who availed themselves of a sight of the display 
was even larger than on the preceding day. The seats in I^a- 
fayette, Harlem and Franklin Squares Avere pre-empted long 
before the time fixed for the procession to move, windows Avere 
filled Avith eager sight-seers, stands and platforms were erected 
at every convenient corner, and on the sidewalks a patient 
crowd stood waiting. Promptly at 11:30 a. m., the hour ap- 
pointed, the procession began to move, in its lead being such 
an imposing display as could only be made by twelve hundred 
Templars on horseback and on foot. As they marched along 
with steady step and knightly bearing, their streaming white 
plumes waving in the breeze, countless jewels flashing on 
their breasts and their swords gleaming in the sunlight, the 
picture was rich in tone and coloring. Maryland Command- 
ery, the oldest in the United States, led the Knights who 
were on foot, and each of the members moved like a veteran. 
Beauseant, Baltimore and ]\Ionumental Commanderies pre- 



150 MEMORIAL VOI.l'MK. 

seiitcd a very fine appearance, and all of them vero londlj' 
cheered. The visiting Knights came in for a large yhare oi 
the applause. Their silken banners, fringed with gold, 
radiant with briglit coUir.s and strange devices, attracted 
much attention, and their soldierly bearing could m^t have 
been excelled. As the procession tm-ned from Carey street 
into Baltimore sti-eet the sight was a most inspiriting one, 
and the bugle calls which came from the heralds in front, 
mingling with the crashing nmsic from eighteen bands, which 
alternately rose and fell on the air, added to the general 
effect. By the time I'aca street was reached the ci-owd became 
more dense, and as far east as South street nothing could be 
seen but a solid mass of spectators, blocking the sidewalks 
and extending even to the streets. From balconies and win- 
dows the eyes of fair damsels flashed do^vn upon the Knights, 
and under the influence of these glances each man moved 
with as bold a step as if he had been a mailed crusader in 
the age of chivalry. 

The second part of the procession, which was composed 
solely of children of the private and public schools, was prob- 
ably to many more interesting than the divisions which pre- 
ceded it. There is a proverb in France that every I'rench 
soldier carries a marshal's baton in his knapsack, and a .spec- 
tator, as he saw the bright, frank faces of thousands of chil- 
di-eu, could not help remembering that some one of these 
children, no matter how humble, might rise to the dignity of 
Chief Magistrate of the republic. The knightly courtesy of 
the Templars would teach tliem instinctively to admit that in 
spite of their own brilliant uniforms and striking drill, the 
school-boys held and were entitled to maintain the centre of 
interest. The parade of Monday gave the achievements of 
tlie i)resent, the symbols and remlTiiscences of tlie work of 
the past, but in the long lines of school-boys the workers of 
the future came to the front. The procession represented, 
fairly and well, a population of ninety thousand boys and 
girls of "the school age," which contributes an annual quota 
of three thousand to the voting population. Before 1S95 the 
boys at school in 1880 will compose a majority of the voters; 
they will fill the imblic offices; they will rei)reseiit the city 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 151 

in tLe State and general government ; they will be our rulers 
and governors. That was what they were being trained for, 
and the thought made those Avho viewed the procession 
inspect them carefully, for as the twig is bent so will the tree 
incline. The boys in that procession gave evidence that they 
were a healthy, happy, manly group ; their eyes were bright, 
their steps firm and confident; innocence and plastic recep- 
tiveness were written unmistakably upon their downy cheeks. 
They afforded such an argument for a resolute and effective 
maintenance of the best system of public schools as is not 
often met, and they more than ever justified the cost of that 
system. There were in all nearly seven thousand children in 
line, many of them wearing the Maryland colors in cap bands 
and rosettes, and, considering their youthfulness, marched 
well and steadily. They seemed to recognize the importance 
of the part they were taking in the celebration, and acquitted 
themselves most creditably throughout. The children from 
the colored schools formed quite a feature in the parade, and 
the scholars from the Catholic parochial schools seemed to 
vie with each other in tlie beauty of the devices which they 
carried, all of which were appropriate to the occasion. 

There were not many noticeable incidents in connection 
with the procession. The Knights Templar executed many 
of their brilliant maneuvers in line and were applauded from 
one end of the route to the other. The school childi-en 
were not tired, in spite of the long distance traversed by them 
and the many tedious " waits." They carried many banners, 
flags and transparencies. Once they broke the line, when 
they were offered lemonade and oranges by a too liberal diy 
goods house, but as a rule they kept their ranks and carried 
their chins forward as if conscious of their Importance in the 
community. The Catholic schools were reviewed by Arch- 
bishop Gibbons and the clergy of the Cathedral as they passed 
the archiepiscopal residence on Charles street. Some of the 
schools had little tableaux of their own, to represent some 
Maryland event or other. 

The procession was reviewed at the City Hall, requiring 
more than an hour to pass that building. Mayor I>atrobe was 
assisted in the review by ^Major-General Robert Patterson, of 



152 MEMORIAL VOLIME. 

riiilatlolpliia, and a large and brilliant staff of visitors, offi- 
cials and public men. Among others upon tlie platform were 
Mayor E. Slifer, of Cliarlestown, Vi'est Virginia ; Jlayor Sam- 
uel H. Black, of Wilmington; Mortimer Johnson, E. W. Patton 
and James Donaldson, of the Philadelphia City Council; 
Major J. G. Mitchell, Joseph S. Emory and Robert Liberton, 
of the sheriff's office, and Geo. C. Wilkins, all of Philadelphia; 
Hon. J. Ered. C. Talbott, Hon. II. U. jNIcLane, J. L. McLane, 
Ex-Mayor Stansbuiy, an old defender; Gen. Brooks, United 
States Army; Capt. Robinson, Lieut. Marshall, Lieut. Alle- 
bone, Lieut. Derby, of the Vandalia ; Surgeon Swami, Lieut. 
C. L. Bruns and Lieut. Bixler, of the Kearsarge; Charles ^^'ebb, 
City Collector; City Commissioner Tegmeyer; Rev. Mr. Rey- 
nolds, Chaplain of the Fifth Regiment; Col. Vernon, Surveyor 
of the Port; Gen. John B. Stafford, of Governor Hamilton's 
staff; Col. J. Thomas Scharf ; Col. H. D. Loney ; Col. ISIcXulty, 
chief of Gen. Herbert's staff; Dr. Steuart, Health Commis- 
sioner; Dr. iMcShane, Assistant Health Commissioner; Gen. 
R. H. Carr, Judge Carr, of the Appeal Tax Court; Messrs. J. A. 
Dobson, Jas. Broumel, M. A. ISIiller, M. E. Mooney, D. Giraud 
"Wright, H. G. Fledderman, John J. Mahon, Joshua Horner, Jr., 
Dr. John D. Fiske, J. Frank Lewis, J. F. Weyler, of the City 
Council ; John T. Ford and Frederick Raine. 

At the close of the parade the Baltimore knights, who were 
entertaining the visiting knights, conducted their guests to 
the armory in the City Hall, where they partook of an ele- 
gantly served lunch. Lunch was also served at ]\Iasonic 
Temple and at Raine's Hall, so that all were bountifully pro- 
vided for, and the visiting knights were highly pleased with 
the hospitality shown them. 



THIRD DAY s rnooE'siox. 

The procession of the military and naval forces, the fire 
and police departments and other civic organizations, inoved 
on "Wednesday, October 13th. The official published pro- 
gramme (which only gives the most meager outline of the 
display and needs much filling up to supply omissions) is as 
follows : 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 153 

His Excellency Governor Wm. T. Hamilton, Commanrler-in- 
Cliief; General J. Wesley Watkins, Adjutant General; Gen. 
II. ynowden Andrews, Chief of Artillery ; Gen. Joseph B. Staf- 
ford, Chief of Cavalry; Ciuartennaster-General, John Gill; 
Surgeon-General, Wni. Lee; Paymaster-General, George S. 
Brown; Col. Martin P^merich, Aide-de-Camp ; Col. J. Upshur 
Dennis, Aid; James R. Herbert, Brigadier-General, M. N. (J., 
Commanding; John McNulty, Lieut.-Colonel and Chief of 
Staff; Philip P. Dandridge, Major of Engineers; T. Wallis 
Blakistone, IMajor and Judge- Advocate ; Wilbur R. McKnew, 
Major and Surgeon; J. W. S. Brady, Major and Inspector; 
Capt. Charles A. Gambrill, Quartermaster; Capt. Howard 
Ridgeley, Commissary; Capt. Thomas Hillen, Ordnance Offi- 
cer; Capt. Geo. W.Wood, Aide-de-Camp; Capt. Fred. Sliriver, 
Aide-de-Camp ; Lieut. J. W. C. Johnson, Aide-de-Camp. AVilson 
Post, Grand Army of the Republic, Gen. AY. E. W. Ross, Com- 
mander. The Old Hefonders, John S. Haneker, President; 
Asbury Jarrett, First Vice-President ; Nathaniel Watts, Second 
Vice-President; Henry Lightner, Elijah Glenn, Ex-.Mayor 
Elijah Stansbury, William Stites, Samuel Jennings, Captain 
WuT. H. Daneker, Marslial, George Boss, Wm. Bachelor. The 
Star Spangled Banner— the original flag— the one which 
floated over Fort McHenry on the 13th and 14th of Septem- 
ber, 1814, during the ever memorable bombardment; in 
charge of Mr. W. W. Carter. Fort ]\IcHenry Troops— two 
companies of artillery, with four field-pieces and caissons 
complete ; one hundred men, under the command of Colonel 
A. C. N. Pennington, Lieutenants Eastman, Dudley and Edger- 
ton. Marines — U. S. S. Vandalia. Barouches — Hon. John L. 
Thomas, Collector of the Port ; Capt. R. W. Meade, Commander 
Vandalia; Passed Assistant Surgeon Gravatt, Kearsarge; H. 
F. Picking, Commander Kearsarge ; Gen. W. Bm-ns, U. S. A. ; 
Maj.-Gen. Ayres, Fort McHenry; Ensign C. C. Rogers, aid to 
Capt. Meade ; Pay Director A. W. Russell, U. S. N. ; Paymaster 
Henry Goldsborough, U. S. N. ; Paymaster Curtis R. Thomp- 
son, U. S. N. ; U. S. District Attorney Archibald Stirling, Jr. ; 
U. S. Commissioner R. Lyon Rogers ; Deputy IT. S. Court Clerk 
Henry S. Meloney ; U. S. Marshal John M. McClintock ; Siiper- 
visor of Census Noble H. Creager ; Wm. Cochran, Xaval Officer; 



154 ME-MOKIAL VOLUME. 

Capt. S. S. Warner, revenue cutter EAving; Capt. A. B. Davis, 
revenue cutter Hamilton ; Capt. Paulding, U. S. A. ; Capt. 
McGilvray, U. S. Artillery Service. The Municipal Executive 
Committee, with His Worship Mr. F. E. Oilman, Mayor of 
Montreal, Canada. Fifth Kegiment, M. X. (i., Colonel, W. II. 
S. Burgwyn; Major, Stewart Brown; staff — Adjutant, W. K. 
Whiting; Siu-geon, Dr. W. II. Crim; Assistant Surgeon, Dr. W. 
F. Lockwoofl ; (Quartermaster, K. J. Miller; Commissary, Ed- 
ward C. .Johnson ; Chaplain, Rev. Joseph Keynolds, Jr. Visit- 
ing Military and Firemen. Fire Department — Commissioners, 
Samuel W. Regester, President, Thomas W. Campbell, Charles 
15. Slingluff, James E. Trott, Samuel Hannah, J. F. Morrison; 
Chief Engineer, John M. Ilennick ; Assistant Euirineers, Geo. 
W. Ellender, Thomas F. Murphy. Police Doi)artm(Mit — Com- 
missioners, Wm. II. B. Fusselbaugh, John Milroy, (ien. .James 
R. Herbert; Marshal, John T. Gray; Deputy Marshal, Jacob 
I'^rey. 

The line of marcli of this brilliant parade was from IJroad- 
way to P>altimore street, to Canal street, to Holland street, to 
Aisquith street, to Gay street, to Baltimore street, to South 
street, to Pratt street, to Hanover street, to Henrietta street, 
to Sharp street, to Pratt street, to Eutaw street, to Baltimore 
street, to Greene street, to Franklin street, to Eutaw street, to 
Madison street, to Cathedi-al street, to Chase street, to Charles 
street, to ^Monument street, to Howard street, to [Mulberry 
street, to Eutaw street, to Ikltimore street, to North street, to 
I>exington street, to Holliday street, and there dismissed. It 
was, for simple spectacular effect and the contrast of di.sci- 
pline and organization in its various forms, one of the finest 
displays ever witnessed. The X'nited States and tlie State 
Government had reinforced the municipality in the most 
cordial and liberal way, and the result was that success which 
always follows from hearty co-operation. The crowd of 
enthusiastic spectators which thi'onged seven miles of streets 
was enormous, apparently as great almost as that on Monday. 
The stands and balconies were not so full, perhai)s, but this 
was more than compensated for by the increase in the number 
of iiersons, and ])articularly ladies, who viewed the spectacle 
from the level of the streets. The march of the men in line 



MEMOIUAL VOLUME. 155 

was compact cand solid, and tlie procession was so various in 
its i'eaturcs that every part of tLe long column offered a 
new attraction. Tlie Armistead "star-spangled banner" of 
1814, the ancients remaining from the heroes of tlie war of 
isr2-'15, and the veteran fii-emen of the old volunteer regime, 
divided tlie greatest applause with the marines, sailors and 
artillery of the Federal service. The State military were in 
very fine trim and drill; the police of Baltimore showed as 
solid and commanding a body of men as ever strode to duty, 
and the fire department was formidable enough to have given 
a " doAvnward tendency " to iiisui'ance rates. The parade was 
in fact a brilliant success, to the enjoyment of which the 
bright exhilarating weather contributed much. The city 
seemed to live out-doors ; sight-seeing Avas the only occupa- 
tion, and all day, and late at night, until after midniglit, in 
fact, the brightly illuminated streets were as animated as the 
interior of a crowded theatre. 

The procession formed on Broadway, under the general 
command of Governor Hamilton, who, mounted on a hand- 
some black horse and escorted by the Fifth Maryland Itegi- 
ment, arrived on the spot in time to inspect the line from 
right to left. At 2 o'clock p. m. Gen. Herbert gave the word 
of command to march, and the parade moved off with the 
precision of machinery. It was precisely one hour in passing 
a given point. The forces of the United States were given 
the right of the line, and their precision in march and abso- 
lute perfection of di'ill commanded universal admiration. 
Brigadier-Gen. Pennington commanded the troops from Fort 
McHenry, which consisted of Battery A of artillery and Com- 
panies M and D of the Second Artillery Regiment as infantry, 
and Fort McHenry Band of twenty-two pieces, led by Drum- 
Major Clayton. The battery was commanded by Lieuts. East- 
man, Dudley and Edgerton, and consisted of four three-inch 
steel rifled guns, with caissons. Six horses drew each of 
the guns and caissons. The cannoniers were mounted on the 
gun carriages and caissons. Officers and men were in full 
regulation uniform of blue, with red trimmings, lielinets 
and red plumes. The men, seventy in all, were armed with 
sabres, their equipments in excellent order and the horses in 



156 MEMOIUAL VOLUME. 

fine condition. In marcliinK the battery moved by sections 
of two pieces. The ini'antry companies were commanded by 
Lieuts. Smith and Kowan, and numbered forty-eight men. 

The naval force from the U. S. ships Yandalia and Kearsarge 
was in line as a battalion organization, officered tlius : Colonel, 
Lieut.-Conimander Horace Elmer, of the Kearsarge; Lieut.- 
Col., Lieut. 1'. O. Allibone; Ordinance Officer, Master "\V. A. 
Marshall; Ciuartermaster, Passed Ass't I'aymaster J. li.ytanton; 
Surgeon, IJobt. Swan; Adjutant, Ensign Jos. II. Scars; Serg't- 
Major, Cadet-Midshipman J. B. Bernadou. The first company 
of marines was commanded by First Lieut. E. R. Robinson ; 
the second by First Lieut. S. II. Gibson. In the battalion of 
seamen the first company was commanded by I>ieut. P. C. 
Derby; second by Master C. L. Bruns; third by ]\Iaster W. H. 
II. Sutherland; fourth by Lieut. W. II. Turner; the artillery 
by Lieut. L. E. Bixler. The total force of officers and men 
was two hundred and forty-eight. Lieut. W. ]M. Constant 
connnanded the pioneers. Tlie marines wore uniforms faced 
with yellow ; the sailors, armed with rifles, wore loose jackets 
and trowsers of blue, with wide collars and white trimmings; 
their caps were white and they wore white gaiters — as jaunty, 
neat-looking a set of men as ever dressed a fore-yard. 

The officers of the Custom House, with the Xaval Academy 
Band and the A\'ashington Marine Barracks Drum Corjis, fol- 
lowed next in line. The customs inspectors, imder command 
of Col. (I. \V. 1\ Vernon, Surveyor, luimbercd one liundred 
men. Tlicy wei-e dressed in a dark blue uniform and Avore 
Custom House badges. Col. Vernon's aids were Deputy Sur- 
veyor J. W. Kaufman, Chief Weigher W. L. W. Seabrook and 
Capt. Edw. Biddleman. Tlie inspectors inarched in platoons, 
commanded by Maj. O. A. Horner, Capts. L. M. Ziminerniau, 
Wm. Ciill, John M. ^A'ackeray and B. L. Simpson, Jr. Fifty 
sailors from the revenue cutters Ewing and Hamilton, dressed 
in blue sailor suits and armed with cutlasses, acted as color 
guard and markers. They were commanded by Lieuts. C. T. 
Brian, (ieorge II. Cook and D. McC. Frencli, of the revenue 
marine service. Their marching and discipline were excel- 
lent. The inspectors acted as escort to the Collector and 
other United States officials, in carriages. Hon. John h. 



MEMOKLVL VOLUME. 157 

Tliouias, Collector, William Corki-aii, Naval Officer, Capt. S. S. 
Warner, of the Ewiiig, and C^apt. A. B. Davis, of the Hamilton, 
occupied the first carriage. The United States Court was rep- 
resented by Marshal John M. McClintock, District Attorney- 
Archibald Stirling, Jr., United States Commissioner R. Lyon 
Rogers and Henry T. Meloney, Deputy Court Clerk. Tlie 
other customs officials in carriages were Robt. M. Proud, Col- 
lector Internal Revenue, Peter Negley, Assistant Treasurer, O. 
Tiffany and J. Stayman, internal revenue department, Col. S. 
C. Chamberlain, Col. Ira Ayer and U. S. Eaton, Special Treas- 
my Agents, Captain John J. Rodgers, United States Shipping 
Commissioner, Deputy Collectors W. D. Burchinal and G. W. 
McComas, J. D. Lowry, Steamboat Inspector, Deputy Naval 
Officer D. W. Rudy, J. F. Meredith, Appraiser-General, H. H. 
Goldsborough, Local Appraiser, J. R. Fellman, Uriah H. Grif- 
fith, ]Meyer Shaw and Nesbitt Turnbiill, Examiners, ex-ilayor 
John Lee Chapman, of the naval office, Charles F. Hamia, 
Cashier of the Custom House, John P. Clayton, Deputy 
Cashier, Samuel D. Jenkins, Cashier's Clerk, Rev. J. P. Carter, 
T. B Mullett, J. R. Dalley, N. J. Sappington, John W. Cathcart, 
J. B. McNeal, James Valiant, N. Henderson, C. E. Needles, A. 
H. Carver, S. Keefer, F. J. Kugler, David IMaxwell, T. S. Nix- 
dorff, Walter Ball, A. A. Perry and E. J. ISIiller. The carriages 
were two abreast. 

After the Custom House officers came the Old Defenders in 
a handsomely-decorated phaeton, preceded by a detachment 
of Wilson Post, No. 1, Grand Army Republic, as color-bearers, 
as follows : Wm. F. McConn carried the old regimental flag of 
the Fifth Maryland Regiment, which took part in tlie action 
of North Point, September 12, 1814; Wm. Bogus carried the 
handsome silk banner which was presented to the association 
by the ladies of Baltimore on September 12, 1845; C. G. Peters 
carried the banner of the association. Along with the phaeton 
containing the Old Defenders were eight members of Wilson 
Post as a guard of honor. Before starting the association Avas 
met at the City Hall by a deputation of Wilson Post, and 
escorted to the point of starting. The Old Defenders were 
dressed in black dress suits, with blue sashes, and on tlieir 



158 :mk.m<jki.\i, voi.u.mk. 

hats black cockades. There were only nine incnibers able to 
attend the celebration. 

In an open barouche, iollowiiii,' the Old Defendei-s, and car- 
ried by Mr. Win. W. Carter, Avas the flas? of Fort McIIenry 
that Key saw on the morninj^ after the battle when he com- 
posed " The Star-Spangled Baimer," and as the tattered and 
faded relic was seen by the crowds the enthusiasm was 
unbounded. Followinj^ the historic flag came carriages con- 
taining Cien. Robert Patterson, of Philadelphia, and Capt. J. 
Prank Lewis, city councilman; F. F. Oilman, Acting Mayor of 
Montreal, Canada, and F. P. Stevens, Chairman of the Munic- 
ipal Committee; Judge James Garnett, of Norfolk, Dr. Du- 
hamel, of AVashington, and Samuel A. Stevens, of Norfolk. 

Next came the Veterans of the ^lexican War in foui' 
phaetons. The wagons were decm-ated with national and city 
colors and flags, and had over the front of each a representa- 
tion of the American eagle and flag. In the first phaeton 
were the ofiicers, Lewis F. Peeler, First Vice-President, in 
command ; "NA'illiam Lee, Second Vice-President, Jolm (i. Fury, 
Third Vice-President, David G. ^Murray, Treasurer, John II. 
Gould, Secretary, Geo. A. Freeburgei", Marshal, Peter Nelson, 
Sergeant-at-Arms, and Dr. Pichard IMcSherry, Surgeon. In the 
first phaeton Sergeant David G. Murray carried the flag of the 
District of Columbia and Second Maryland Regiment, which 
was commanded by Col. Geo. AV. Hughes. This flag was pre- 
sented to Col. Hughes by the ladies of Jalapa, and fii-st 
unfurled by Sergeant Murray, when he carried it at the recep- 
tion of Santa Anna within the American lines, March 2S, 1848. 
Major John R. Kenly commanded an escort of three com- 
panies, mounted, to jirotect Santa Anna, who had resigned the 
presidency of Mexico and asked permission to enter the 
American lines, with .safe conduct out of the country. Col. 
Hughes was military Governor of Jalapa at the time, and the 
flag was presented by the Mexican ladies, in appreciation of 
the courtesy and consideration shown them by our troops. 
'I'he second phaeton, in charge of Mr. Peter Nelson, had the 
old flag of Col. W. II. Watson's Baltimore battalion, which 
was carried at ^lonterey, where Watson fell. Tlie third 
phaeton, in charge of Edw. Johannes, carried a beautiful silk 



ME:\[OniAL VOLUME. 159 

flag presented to tlie association by the president, Col. Joseph 
H. Ruddach. The fourth phaeton, in charge of William 
French, had an old Mexican flag captured at Monterey by the 
Baltimore Voltigeurs. The president, Col. Ruddach, was to 
have taken charge of the association dm-ing the parade, Init 
was unable to attend from sickness at home, and tlie com- 
mand devolved upon the first vice-president. There were 
present in the parade besides the officers, forty members, viz : 
Capt. Wm. B. Howard, Ferdinand Schultz, Charles Peregoy, 
Lieut.-Col. Chas. Reynolds, U. S. A., of Buffalo, N. Y., Jas. F. 
IVIulligan, President of the Xorfolk and Portsmouth INIexican 
Veteran Association, A. W. Kennady, Secretary to the National 
Association, of AVashington, D. C, AYm. H. Richardson, Ileiuy 
Kunitz, Simon Ambach, Heniy Bowers, Wm. A. Barnes, Daniel 
Murphy, Levi Lewis, D. W. jMerriken, J. C. Lumsden, of AVil- 
mington, X. C, Benj. Peddle, of Xorfolk, Ya., J. X. Benjamines, 
Timothy Clark, AA'm. AAliittaker, Jeremiah Spates, Henry H. 
Tilson, Thos. H. O. Hardester, Robert Harrington, Francis 
Buschman, AA^m. Foos, Ross Johnson, John C. Stiner, Richard 
Garrett, Edward Cooley, John R. Hiltz, AA"m. J. X'ichols, Alex. 
AVilkinson, J. Carpenter, J. H. Malone, Thomas R. Russell, 
Frederick Selway. 

The State military column was headed by the Bond Guards, 
of Catonsville, sixty-two muskets, Capt. D. P. Barnette. Xext 
followed the Governor's Guards, Annapolis, sixty-five muskets, 
Capt. Green; Kent Guards, Chestertown, sixty-two muskets, 
Capt. Vickers ; Hamilton Light Infantry, Cumberland, forty 
muskets, Capt. Gordon; Garrett Guards, of Garrett county, 
thirty-eight muskets, Capt. AA'ardwell; Voltigeurs, Cumber- 
land, thirty-two muskets, Capt. Johnson; Towson Guards, 
Towsontown, fifty muskets, Capt. Mcintosh, and Frederick 
Riflemen, Frederick city, fifty rifles, Capt. ]\IcSherry. Each 
of these companies had a band of music with it, and they 
escorted the different companies of visiting military. Of 
these there were four : 

The AA'arren Light Infantry, of Front Royal, commanded by 
Capt. C. A. McAtee and Lieuts. H. H. Downing, John G. 
Brown and E. H. Jackson. They numbered fifty men, and 
were accompanied by a drum corps. The X'orfolk Light 



160 ME.MOiaAL VOLIMK. 

Artillery lilues, Capt. (iiliiier, Lieuts. J. A. Walton and CJ. W. 
Gordon, liad tliirty-tlu-ee mu.skets in line. The men wore the 
Austrian artillery uniiorni, which, being very handsome, and, 
in color and pattern, unlike that of the rest of the soldiers in 
line, who wore gray and blue, made a striking appearance and 
created a great deal of favorable comment. The Norfolk City 
Guard, Capt. C. A. Nash, Lieuts. H. Hodges and C. C. Lee, 
numbered thirty men. They wore navy blue cloth coats, sky 
blue pantaloons and shakos. Their inuforms were trimmed 
with gilt lace and scarlet. The Norfolk boys, both the Blues 
and the Guards, marched as Avell as any troops in line, and 
their manly bearing was praised by everybody. They were 
led by the Artillery School Band of Fortress Monroe. The 
Alexandria Light Infantry, Lieut. J. McBurney, commanding, 
assisted by Lieuts. F. F. Marbury and George S. Smith, num- 
bered fifty muskets, and were i)receded by the Alexandria 
Musical Association Band. A battle-scarred flag was borne 
l)y their standard-bearer. The Staunton Ai-tillery numbered 
twenty-one, and were commanded by Lieut. J. A. Scheny. 

The rear of this division was brought up by the Fifth Reg- 
iment, M. N. G., in full dress uniform. There was a full turn- 
out, aggregating nearly five hundred men and officers, and this 
crack regiment never appeared to better advantage. It was 
Iireceded by the regimental band and drum corps of fifty-five 
pieces, Drum-Major G. Bruce Barrett, Iland-Master Adam Itzel. 
Company B carried the colors, and the march was in the fol- 
lowing order : Non-conimissioned Staff — Commissary-Sergeant, 
W. B. Fitzgerald; Quartermaster-Sergeant, Philip II. Tuck; 
Paymaster-Sergeant, II. A. Anderson; Ordnance-Sergeant, E. 
L. C. Scott; Sergeant-Majoi-, W. P. Vauglin. Col. W. H. S. 
Burgwjm and ^Major Stewart Brown. Staff — Adjutant, W. K. 
Whiting; Quartermaster, R. J. Miller; Commissary, E. C. 
Johnson; Surgeon, W. H. Crim ; Assistant Surgeon, W. F. 
Lockwood; Chaplain, Jos. Reynolds, Jr.; Ordinance Officer, 
John Landstreet ; Paymaster, W. T. Frick, all finely mounted. 
Company II — Capt. Wm. P. Zollinger; First Lieut. C. F. Albers, 
commanding. Company K— Capt. W. P. Herbert. Company 
G — Capt. Charles II. Ivoeves; First Lieut. Augustus Williams, 
commanding. Company I — Capt. L. Allison Wilmor; First 



MKMoKIAL VOLUME. 161 

Lieut. N. I^ee Golclsboro, commanding. Company B — Capt. 
John Lipscomb ; First Lieut. H. E. Mann, commanding. Com- 
pany D — Capt. Cole. Company F — Capt. AV. S. Anderson; 
First Lieut. Samuel T. lienkle, commanding. Company A — 
Capt. Edwin Thomas. Company E — Capt. Clayton Hall. Com- 
pany C — Capt. R. P. Brown. The companies were in sixteen- 
flle front. 

The Baltimore City College Cadets, two hundred strong, 
followed the Fifth Eegiment. Col. D. A. Woodward, Jr., com- 
manded, and his aids were Capt. Wm. H. Thonias and Lieuts. 
George T. Kemp, Wm. JIcGowan, L. Thomas and J. J. Ballan- 
tyne. The cadets were dressed in their usual suit of blue, 
and carried their muskets like regulars. They marched well, 
their precision of step, quickness and accuracy of evolution, 
and fine bearing, eliciting frequent niarks of applause. ISIany 
of them carried bouquets with them. Next followed the 
Gi*and Army of the Republic, with nearly one thousand men 
in line, all wearing G. A. R. miiforms, caps and badges, and 
marching well. The line was headed by the Department 
Commander, Gen. W. E. W. Ross, and staff, aids and officers 
mounted. The officers were Senior Yice-Commauder, Thomas 
S. Norwood ; Medical Director, A. A. White ; L. j\I. Zimmerman, 
William H. Sprigg and John T. Karr, Council of Administra- 
tion. Staff — John H. Suter, Assistant Adjutant-General ; Geo 
P. Mott, Assistant Quartermaster-General ; R. N. Bowerman, 
Inspector, and William H. Searles, Theodore A. Worrall and 
Harman White, Assistants, and J. J. Butler, Judge-Advocate. 
Aids — George Creamer, W. O. Saville, N. !M. Rittenhouse, John 
T. Graham. John W. Mitchell, Orderly Department Com- 
mander, and Hermon L. Emmons, Post Senior Vice-Com- 
mander, were also mounted. Following them came Col. T. F. 
Lang, Aid-de-Camp, and A. G. Alford, Assistant Lispector- 
General, of the national staff. Wilson Post No. 1, led the 
line, headed by the Post band and drum corps, Weber leader, 
twenty-three pieces. The Post numbered three hundred and 
flity-seven men. Commander, Graham Dukehart. It was 
divided into companies, commanded by Capts. John H. Eng- 
land, Geo. Reimoif and Wm. O'Brien. The color-guard, under 
OflElcer of the Day Johnson, was a leading feature of the dis- 



162 MEMORIAL VOLl'ME. 

play. They carried forty stand of old battle-flau's, all of which 
had seen hard service. Tlie fla,l,^s were tied with Maryland 
colors, and had red, white and blue streamers. TJiey had all 
been borne in battle by Maryland re^dments of volunteer in- 
fantry, artillery and cavalry. Tlie cadets, one hundred and 
fifty in number, under ^hijor L. IlenniKhausen and < 'apts. T. S. 
Crockett, Jas. T. Dobson and W. E. Conway, followed. Deni- 
son Post No. ."!, of Woodberry, turned ou"t one hundred and 
fifty men, ("onimander, John T. Nunan. Lincoln Post 'So. 7, 
(colored,) Commander, William Shepherd, with tliirty-four 
men in line, and carrying the colors of the Thirty-ninth 
U. S. Infantry. Denison Post No. 8, Dr. James Cress, Com- 
mander, with three stands of colors. Harry Howard Post 
No. 1, George PI. Smith, Commander, and seventy-six men. 
This Post had a tableau of a deserted camp, got up by N. M. 
Rittenhouse, in the endeavor to interiiret Buchanan Read's 
poem "I51ue Bird." It consisted of a platform upon a wagon, 
drawn by six horses. Upon the platform, which represented 
a field of green, was a deserted tent, an extinguished camp 
fire, kettles and canteens, and a cannon, in the mouth of 
which rested a blue bird and its nest ; the whole emblematic 
of peace. The disabled members of the different (Jrand Army 
organizations followed in the rear of the division in carriages. 
Tlie Police Department showed that tliey liad made good 
use of their military drill. Their marching was excellent, 
their bearing erect, their columns solid. In advance of the 
force the Commissioners, "NV. II. B. Fusselljaugh and John 
^lilroy, (Cien'I Herbert being engaged in active service in 
another part of the line,) accompanied with Mr. John W. 
Davis, former commissioner, and Mr. Marriott Boswell, Clerk 
to the Board, rode in a carriage. They were followed by 
Marshal John T. Cray, Deputy Marshal Jacol) I'rey and Lieut. 
AVm. McK. Watkins, of the Northwestern Statio7i House, 
mounted. An escort of mounted policemen followed, under 
Seageant Ban-anger, and then the body of the force, on foot, 
marching by platoons. The Middle District furnished seventy- 
two men, in three platoons, under Capt. Lannan, Lieut. Busick 
and Lieut, l-'razier; and each of the other districts had two 
platoons, forty-eight men. in line, commandcMl by Capt. Lepson 



MEMORIAL VOLUJIE. 103 

and Lieut. Cadwallader, of the Western; Capt. Kenney and 
Lieut. Auld, of the Eastern; Capt. Aaron and JJeut. ]>arbonr, 
of the Nortlieasteru ; Capt. Delantyand Lieut. J' arran, of tlie 
Southern; and Capt. Earhart and IJeut. Fitzgerald, of tlie 
Northwestern. 

The City Eire Department inarched in the following order: 
Chief Engineer John M. Hennick and his assistants, George 
W. Ellender and Thomas F. ^Murphy, with J. ^^^ Shaw, Chief 
of Salvage Corps, all mounted; Fire Commissioners, (in car- 
riages,) namely, Saml. W. llegester. President, Thos. W. Camp- 
hell, James E. Trott, C. B. Slingluff, Samuel Hamiah, J. F. 
Morrison, and George A. Campbell, Clerk Engine and Hook 
and Ladder Companies, on foot, with foremen, as follows: 
Engine Companies — No. 1, Jacob H. Hay ward; Xo. 2, Jacob 
Hinds; No. .3, F. H. Flaherty; No. 4, George W. Horton; No. 
5, Wm. G. Miller; No. 6, W. AV. Watson ; No. 7, Geo. H. Houck; 
No. 8, John J. Flynn; No. 9, F. D. Kerr; No. 10, W. R. Ward ; 
No. 11, Andrew Perry; No. 12, John P. Cosgrove; No. 13, John 
V. O'Neill. Hook and Ladder Companies — No. 1, Henry \X. 
jNIears ; No. 2, F. A. Marston ; No. 3, G. W. Foxwell. Engines, 
hose carriages, the salvage corps wagon and apparatus, trucks 
and fuel wagons, followed. Superintendent of Police and Fire 
Alarm Telegraph Charles J. McAleese and assistants brought 
up the rear. 

The surviving members of the P>altimore T^iiited Fire 
Department (the remnants of the old volunteer system), gave 
a curious antiquarian interest to this part of the notable pro- 
cession. The boys who "ran wid der machine" are not as 
numerous as they used to be, and some of the old ones— men 
like "Jimmy" Lovegrove, for instance— were sadly missed. 
Mr. Holloway, President of the Association, headed the pro- 
cession, and assisted by Augustus Albert, of the New Market, 
Ed. L. Jones, of the First Baltimore, Hugh B. Jones, of the 
Pioneer Hook and Ladder; Patrick Riley, of the Friendship, 
and Richard A. Johns, of the Columbian. Then came repre- 
sentatives of the old fire companies, as follows: Arechanical, 
No. 1, instituted 17G3, James W. Gorman, j\Larshal, twenty- 
seven men. D. W. IMyer, one of the members, wore the old 
blue cape and hat uniform of the company, presented by a 



1G4 MEMOIUAL VOIAMK. 

desceiulaiit of James Lovegrovc, one of tlie original members 
of the company. Union, No. '1, instituted 1782, Tliomas Kug- 
ler, Marrilial, five men, bearing a beautiful floral bell presented 
by AVilson G. Smith, grandson of T. W. Levering, one of the 
originators of the company. Friendshii), No. 3, instituted 
1785, Robert Knight, Marshal, thirty-three men, with an old 
hand engine, styled the "gallery" jjattern, and Avhich was 
sold by the comimny to a "Winchester (Virginia) fire company 
some years ago. The engine was built in Baltimore in 1851 
by John Kodgers & Co. On the "machine," in front of the 
gallery, was a painting of the old engine house on Frederick 
sti'eet, just north of lialtimore street, as it appeared in 1850. 
AVhat remains of the building is now occupied by Ives & Co., 
fire engine builders. Tlie engine was kindly loaned by the 
\\'inchester Fire Department. Deptford, No. 4, instituted 17'J2, 
R. A. McAllister, Marshal, ten men. Benjamin Ikitcheler car- 
ried an old banner belonging to the company when it was 
populai-ly styled by the boys "Black Hawk." Liberty, No. 5, 
instituted 17;»4, P. H. C. Stitcher, Marshal, four men, with old 
banner and one man in the old uniform. Independent, No. G, 
(Big Six,) instituted 1799, Geo. F. Folkes, ]\Iarshal, thirty-five 
men. Tavo of the old green capes and hats of this company 
Avere in the line. Vigilant, No. 7, instituted 1804, Jas. Blanch, 
Marshal, fifteen men, with old banner. New ^Market, No. 8, 
instituted 180:], Henry S. Konig, Mai"slial, forty men. A min- 
iature old-style engine, made of tin and ornamentally painted, 
was carried by two members of this company. Columbian, 
No. 9, instituted ISOo, Thomas (iarrison. Marshal, fifty men. 
This company had in procession, mounted on a frame borne 
by four men, an old banner which was presented to them in 
1841 by the Columbian Library Association, and so inscribed 
on one side of the banner. The feature of the banner, how- 
ever, was on the other side, being a painting representing the 
rescue of a child from a burning building by a firenum, 
Barney Lynch, a member of the Columbian. A portrait of 
Col. W. II. Watson, also his fireman's hat, a former fireman, 
killed at the storming of Monterey, Mexico, were carried by 
two men. First Baltimore ITose, No. 10, instituted 1810, 
Richard Dawes, Marshal, twenty-five men. This company 



ME:\lOPaAL VOLUME. l')0 

introduced the first steam fire engine, the Alpha, into Bal- 
timore. United, No. 11, instituted 1810, A. N. Pennington, 
Marshal, thirty-six men. Two ancient hats and capes were 
paraded by members of this company. Patapsco, No. 14, 
instituted 1.S22, Peter Ward, Marshal, ten men. Howard, No. 
1.5, instituted LS3(t, Leonard A. Helm, Marshal, four men. 
Watchman, No. 1(3, instituted 1840, Henry E. Barton, Marshal, 
assisted by Wm. Thornton, thirty-five men. Hook and Ladder, 
No. 1, instituted 1851, Dr. W. H. Cole, Marshal, twelve men. 
Western Hose, No. 19, instituted 1852, J. T. Tucker, Marshal, 
six men. United States Hose, No. 21, instituted 1854, James 
Graham, Marshal, and three men : Jos. Baxter, Wm. Shirley 
and John C'lemmins. Every member of the old dei)artment 
had a broad band on his hat labeled " Surviving Member of 
the late B. U. F. D."— (Baltimore United Fire Department). 
Several members in line carried old-fashioned lanterns, axes, 
etc. Members of the old department in carriages were : Hon. 
Joshua Yansant, City Comptroller, who has been a fli-eman 
sixty-two years, having first joined a fire company in Phila- 
delphia in 1818; G. W. Levering, Caleb Fox, George Osgoodly, 
John Kummer, John Williams, (who belonged to " Mechani- 
cal" in 1827,) John M. Peacock, John Nant, Chas. A. Schwatka, 
J. H. Stone, William Leach, James H. Jones, Charles F. Cloud, 
W. R. Patterson, Joseph H. Amey, George E. Taylor, F. W. 
England, John H. Waggner, Job Foster, Jacob Gruber, AVilliam 
Brock, John A. Thompson, Erasmus Uhler, Jacob Keilholtz, 
Joseph H. J. Rutter, Thos. Seager, J. A. Field, John L. Reese, 
W. K. Barker, Ricli'd Shane, Sam'l Warner, C. H. Wel)b, Wm. 
Holtzman, G. W. Hughes, Sam'l S. Prince and Wm. Frederick. 
The ages of these veteran firemen ranged from seventy-six 
years down to sixty-two years. 

The visiting firemen from different sections of the country 
helped to add to the interest of the parade. The first of 
these companies in line was the Independent Fire Company, 
of Frederick, Md., ninety-five men, headed by the Woodsboro' 
Band. The men wore red shirts, with green trimming, black 
pants and green hats. Lsaac Lowenstein was President of the 
Company, Capt. Walter Saunders, Chief Engineer, and H. P. 
Tyson, Foreman. The Washington Fire Department was the 



166 MEMOniAI. VOIA'Mi: 

next, consisting of two engine companies, Nos. 1 and 4, and 
Hook and Ladder B. Messrs. Reed and Bacon, Fire Commis- 
sioners, accompanied the department, wliicli numbered thirty- 
five men, wearing blue uniforms, with green hats and white 
belts. The hook and ladder comi)any had an extension ladder 
sixty-five feet long. M. C'ronin was Chief of the TX^iiartment. 
York, Pa., liad two companies in line. The Union Fire Com- 
pany, with Worth's Infantry Band, had fifty uniformed men, 
red, Avhite and blue shirts, black pants, black hats with white 
shields; Marcellus Young, Chief Fngineer; George "\V. I'owell, 
Forenum. The Rescue .Steam Fire and Hose Company, headed 
by the Spring Garden liand, John Lehr, leader, had forty-three 
men, wearing blue shirts and white hats, T. Kirk "White, Pres- 
ident; V,. G. Keller, Chief Fngineer; Chas. Shulter, Foreman. 
Alexandria (Va.) Lad three companies, but no apparatus, to 
wit: Hydraulion Steam Fire Company, twenty-five men, in 
blue shirts and black pants, Richard L. Carne, Jr., Acting 
President; Relief Hook and Ladder, twenty-five men, white 
shirts, red trimmings, R. M. Latham, Foi-eman; Columbia 'So. 
4 Steam Fire Engine Coinjiany, twenty men, red shirts and 
white trimmings, David Prettyman, President; Joseph Hardy, 
Foreman. Annapolis was represented by two companies. 
Rescue, No. 1, had twenty-five men, wearing red shirts, James 
L. Beall, Foreman; Assistant, John \V. Rawlings. They had 
Avitli them the old engine Victory, built by Lyons, llaltimore 
Town, 177.S, which belongs to the corjjoration of Annapolis. 
The United Company, twenty-s'x in number, wore blue shirts, 
black pants and black hats, Richard Stone, President and 
Acting Foreman. Tliis company had with them an old engine 
built in IG'23. On it is the following inscription : '-Ontario 5, 
cultured at Little York, U])per Canada, A. P. isi-'i; built at 
Blackfriar's bridge, I>ondon." It is the property of tlie United 
States government, and was loaned to the fire cmnpany by the 
Xaval Academy, Annapolis. The Waverly Fire l)ei)artnient, 
consisting of a truck and chemical engine combined, drawn 
])y hand, had sixty-six men, wearing gray shirts, black pants 
jiTid hats. George J. Roach is Chief of the Department; John 
T. Dellehnnt, Assistant Fngineer. The Rescue Fire Company, 
of HighlandtoAvn, which brought up the rear of the visiting 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 1G7 

fire companies, liad a truck and fourteen men, who wore rod 
shirts, with blacli pants, Frederick J. F. Wiessner, Chief of the 
Department; Theodore Maasch, President. 

The following members of the Philadelphia Fire Dejjart- 
ment rode in carriages : Jacob Loudenslager, President of the 
Board of Commissioners; James Corcoran, Thos. H. Spence, J. 
S. Robinson, and Wm. C. Zane, Secretary; H. S. Boardmaii, 
Messenger; John R. Cantlin, Chief Engineer; William F. 
Mornly and John Smith, Assistants; Geo. W. Evans, Foreman 
of No. 16 ; Samuel Pritchard, No. 1 ; John F. Casey, Foreman 
No. 23. John Fullerton, ex-city councilman, was in company 
with the firemen. 

The firemen were followed by about two hundred boys from 
the House of Refuge, under Superintendent R. J. Kirkwood, 
and preceded by the boys' band of the institution. 

The procession was brought up by Captain Rau's cavalry, 
of Highlandtown, Baltimore county, and Capt. Owens' Bond 
Guards; also cavalry, of Anne Arundel county, all under 
the command of Col. Harry Gilmor and Adjutant Frank A. 
Tormey. 

A steam yacht named the "Telephone," built by Messrs. 
James Clark & Co., and filled with little girls, came at the 
end. It was placed on a wagon drawn by six horses, and its 
boiler and screw were in operation. 

The head of the procession reached the City Hall at 5 p. m. 
The Governor left the parade at North and Lexington streets 
and hurried to the platform, escorted by Mr. James Broumel, 
of the City Council, and attended by Staff Officers Gen. Brown, 
Col. D. ]\I. Mathews and Col. McKaig. Among others on the 
platform during the review were Gen. Brooks, formerly com- 
manding at Fort ]\IcHemy; Gen. Ayres and other military 
and naval officers; ex-Judge Wm. H. Tuck, of Annapolis; J. 
Frank Turner and Chas. H. Gibson, of Easton ; J. Thomas 
Clark, Editor Ellicott City Times; Thomas McCardle, John 
B. Fay, Cumberland; Gen. Tyler, Gen. R. H. Carr, Col. H. D. 
Loney, Rev. J. S. B. Hodges, Rev. E. A. McGurk, M. L. Johnson, 
G. W. Johnson, Philadelphia ; Attorney-General Gwinn ; Jas. 
T. Briscoe, Secretary of State ; Charles Webb, City Collector ; 
Mayor F. E. Gilman, of Montreal, Canada ; Dr. Duhamel, of 



168 MEMORIAL VOI.rME. 

Wasbinglon city; Judge .las. Gariiett and Samuel A. Stevens, 
of Norfolk, Va. 

As the militarj' passed tlie reviewing officials, the officers 
came to a present with their swords and the privates to a 
carry arms. The Mayor and the Governor acknowledged 
these honors by lifting their hats reiieatedly. When the 
review terminated the Governor proceeded to Barnum's Hotel, 
and the military were invited to a lunch in the armory room 
of the City Hall. 



CHAPTER SEVENTH. 

Foiirtli, Fiini aiict Sixth Days of (he FestivaL 

n^HE fourth day's parade was that of various societies, 
J^ religious, moral, beneficent or industrial. The Chief 
IMarshal on this day was Mr. James Donnelly, with Major 
Thomas W. Hall, Chief of Staff, and the following aids: W. 
Campbell Hamilton, Dr. C. W. Chancellor, Col. John A. Dobson, 
Gen. Bradley T. Johnson, Jolin Mears, John Cloke, John A. 
Franz, Edw. F. W. Choate, Nimrod Gosnell, Joseph Treeves, Jas. 
Fay, Gen. Robert H. Carr, Col. P. M. Snowden, James Gurry, 
John M. Gallagher, William Mclntire, Frank Hoeneman, L. 
H. Weiman, Peter Kries, D'Arcy Paul, Winfleld Scott Amoss, 
Capt. Winfleld S. Anderson, Dr. Morris Murray, Gen. Thomas 
W. Campbell, August Heugennithie, M. Griflin, James Stanton, 
S. D. Richardson, A. J. King, James E. Carr, Jr., John L. Cul- 
leton, James Kenny, Moses McCormick, Henry Fill, Charles 
T. Cockey, A. J. Ostendoff, Joseph S. Heuisler, Malcolm Crichr 
ton, Bernard Kroeger, John W. Hansen, William E. Gard, W. 
Bolton Fitzgerald, Dr. A. H. Saxton, D. Carroll Timanus, Jesse 
N. Bowen, Henry Bosse, Eugene T. Perkins, John Moylan, 
W. I. McMahon, John H. Butler, Dr. John I. Gross. 

The ofiicial order of march by divisions was thus given out : 
First Division — St. Andi-ew's Society, Malcolm Crichton, IMar- 
shal ; W. W. Spence, President ; Rev. W. U. Murkland, Chap- 
lain. Second Division — Catholic Knighthood, M. S. Mahon, 
IMarshal. TMrd Division — Temperance Societies, Eugene T. 
Perkins, Marshal. Fonii7i Division — Horticultural Societies, 
James Pentland, ^Marshal ; Wm. H. Perot, President ; R. W. L. 
Rasin, Treasurer. Fiffli and, Sixtli Divisions — Catholic Ben- 
eficial Societies ; Fifth — John Moylan, ISIarshal ; Sixth — Henry 
Bosse, Marshal. Seventh Division — Colored ^Masons, Odd 
Fellows and other societies, John H. Butler, Marshal. 



17U MEXIORIAX VOLUME. 

The usual good weather characterized the day. There were 
the same attentive, eager, good-natured throngs, enduring 
fatigue with unabated patience and submitting to be jostled 
as if that were a health-giving exercise. The parade tliis day 
formed on Fulton avenue, and marched by way of that avenue 
to Lombard street, to Strieker street, to Baltimore street, to 
North street, to Lexington street and the City Hall, to Faj-ette 
street, to Gay street, to Saratoga street, to Calvert street and 
around the Battle Monument, to Fayette street, to Charles 
street, to Franklin street, to Pennsylvania avenue, to Mosher 
street, to Eutaw street, where it was dismissed. The western 
part of the city was thus the one most favored on this day. 
The procession was four miles long, and there were, it is esti- 
mated, ten thousand men in line, representing every creed and 
nationality, and nearly every race and color. To the eye of 
many the parade was the finest of the series from an artistic 
point of view. 

The procession started at 2:2-5 o'clock p. m., the head of the 
line being given to the St. Andrew's Society, preceded by 
tlie ^Marshal and Deputy Marshal of Police and a squad of 
mounted men. Previous to joining the jirocession the Scotch 
societies, the St. Andrew's and the Caledonian Club of Balti- 
more and their visitors from New York, New Jersey, Phila- 
delphia, Delaware and Washington city, three hundred men 
in all, visited " Bolton," the residence of W. W. Sjience, Esq., 
I'resident of the St. Andrew's Society, who received them in 
the lawn in front of his residence, and a jioem, written by Mr. 
D. M. Henderson, of the society, was read by Hev. J. T. Craig, 
pastor of High Street Baptist Church. The poem was entitled 
"Scotchmen's Greeting to Baltimore," a spirited production, 
from which we select the following extract : 

All, no ! my fond expectant sight 
Meets not the Beu's majestic height 
Nor br.ics abloom with heather hells, 
Nor burns down-hasting to the dells — 
But vistas great of stony streets 
Red-lined with brick my vision greets. 
And lo! ten tliousand iicnnons fair, 
And h:<nncrs tilling all the air. 
And windows draped in black and gold. 
In rich fcsloon and graceful fold — 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 171 

The colors of nil Innds I sec, 

Here blended into harmouy, 

For Peace ll:^i^ claimed wliat once was War's, 

And groups arovind the stripes and stars 

All flags, that this Oclobor sun 

May kiss them all and make them one. 

So bright the scene, so blithe the throng 

That surges all the streets along, 

Who runs may read — small need to say 

That Baltimore keeps holiday. 

I gaze, and wonder, and admire. 

And half forget my first desire. 

The Scotcli societies were a liaudsoine and imposintr body 
of men, one-half of them being in Highland dress — plaid, 
kilt, sporran, timic or jacket, hose, gaiters, blue Glengarry 
Ixinnet with eagle plume, and other articles of this pictur- 
esque costume. The chieftains wore claymores or broad- 
swords, and the others had dirks or small swords at their 
sides. Many carried the skean-dhu, or hunting knife, in their 
stockings, the hilt exposed to view against the bare knees of 
the wearer. Powder horns and other things were in some 
instances items in the dress of individuals. The cairngorm 
stones, which Highlanders invariably liave in the brooches 
worn at the shoulder, shone brilliantly in the sunlight. Cos- 
tumes were ornamented with mountings of silver, set off with 
cairngorm stones. The clans were designated by the different 
plaids, the Ivoyal Stuart predominating. They had ten pipers, 
and their skilled pibroch vied with the mellower strains of 
the ■Ntarine Band. Many guests of IMr. Spence, and gentlemen 
of Scotch descent or birth, assisted him to receive and Avel- 
come the visitors, who spent some time on Bolton's green 
terraces. 

In the procession, when it started from Fulton avenue, a 
part of the St. Andrew's Society rode in open carriages ; the 
remainder marched on foot. Division Mar.shal Malcolm 
Crichton had on his staff T. A. Symington, J. Lyle Clark, 
Harry Gilmor, W. Campbell Hamilton, Charles McRea, Wm, 
Fraser and three IMasters Crichton ; all wearing Stuart tartan 
and Gordon plaid, Avith bonnet and plume. President Spence 
with Rev. Chaplain W. U. Murkland, of the St. Andrew's 
Society, rode in a barouche drawn by four horses and guarded 
by six Highlanders with claymores. The pipers marched all 



172 .MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

ten t()iz:et]ier and were followed by tlie Hi,i,'-lilanders, r.altiinore 
Caledonian Club, Cliief, Win. Stirling; New York Caledonian 
Club, Jolin Young; Hudson County (N. J.) Caledonian Club, 
Thos. Miller; Newark (X. J.) Club, George Fyfe; riiiladelphia 
Caledonian Club, William Leitcli; Washington Club, W. B. 
Smith. The division was closed by the St. Andrew's members 
in carriages and on foot. 

The second division consisted of the various orders of Cath- 
olic Knights, and was a most imposing sight as the solid 
column of eights passed by, only broken at intor\'als by bands 
of music, Avhich sent forth their enlivening strains. All the 
knights wore black uniforms, varied, however, in the colors of 
the shoulder and waist belts, differences of caps and chapeaux 
and minor details. Eeautifully ornamented banners gleamed 
in tlie sunlight all along the line, and the fine marching, 
added to the ricli array, called forth loud applause wherever 
the knights appeared. The division was headed by M. S. 
MclNIahon, :Marshal ; E. F. Kelley, Chief of Staff, and the fol- 
lowing mounted aids : Knights Fitzgerald, Kahlor, Foley and 
Connor, of the Knights of St. Thomas, Woodberry, Baltimore 
county, and from the orders in the city. George ScliM'inn, 
Edward I"\ Kelly, James Staunton, James Keimey, John Cloke, 
N. A. Hall, John ^Mornoy, J. E. Huster, Moses McCormack, T. 
J. !Malone, Joseph Clark, John "\V. Ripple, Joseph Seelich 
and others. The following societies composed this division : 
Knights of St. Tgnafius, Chief Knight, Edward McCourt; 
Knights of Father ^Matthew, Chief, Martin Clark ; Knights of 
the Holy Cross, Chief, Patrick J. Leary ; Knights of St. 
Patrick, Chief, John Donnelly ; Knights of St. iOchael, Chief, 
Midiael I^otz; Knights of St. Lawrence, (of Wilmington, Del.,) 
Chief, Charles O'Connor; Knights of St. John the Evangelist, 
Chief, Michael S. ^McMahon; Knights of St. Augustine, (col- 
ored,) Chief, C. A. Flowers; Knights of St. George, Chief, W. 
A. Schalitzky; Knights of St. Peter, Chief, R. P. Gorman; 
Knights of St. Peter, (Washington, D. C.,) Chief, J. T. Jennings ; 
Knights of St. Martin, Chief, T. J. :Murphy; Knights of St. 
Lawrence, Chief, Jas. Kelly ; Knights of St. Aloysius, Chief, 
P. J. King; Knights of St. Paul, Chief, John Karch. Ten 
barouches followed in rear of the division, containing Revs. 



MaiOIUAL VOLrME. 173 

Gaitley, Brennan, Foley, Mackin, Jeggle, Giustiniani, Rolander, 
Tracey, Cliainbille, Clarke, Casati, (missionary to Demerara,) 
Barre, of Havre de Grace, Starkey, of Long Green, Jordan, 
Slattery, Walsh, Ryder, I.easson, and Kniglits John IMurphy, 
Dennis O. B. Tracey, Michael :Muri)hy, Michael A. Noel, Pat- 
rick Meehan, Jas. JMcMahon, Peter Flaherty, Timothy Kiordan, 
C. Bnschmann, J. W. Gerkin, John Blair, H. Miller, C. Hitter, 
AVm. L. Jordan, Hemy Rosendale and others. 

The third division, the parade of the temperance societies, 
was not well managed nor very imposing. The Jonadabs had 
decided not to participate, and as a great many members of 
otlier organizations belonged to orders which had either 
turned out already or were going to turn out, such as Odd 
Fellows, Knights of Pythias, &c., nearly the whole divi- 
sion Avas made up of Catholic temperance societies. The 
division appeared in line as follows: Eugene T. Perkins, 
Chief of Division; James Brunt, Chief of Staff; aids, Jno. 
Edelman, Rev. IMr. Coleman, J. W. Snow, Henry Schoffer, C. 
P. Bailey, R. E. Nunnelley, E. M. Romoser, W. Diven, Charles 
Bell, Henry Brown, John Wright and J. W. Boone. In the line 
were the Knights of St. Joseph, P. J. Brandy, Chief; Father 
Matthew Temperance Society of St. Joseph's, O. O'Neill, Pres- 
ident; a tableau of the :\raryland Pilgrims; St. Peter's Tem- 
perance Society, John IMatthews, Marshal; St. Andrew's and 
St. Vincent's Temperance Societies. These were followed by 
Winter's Band and delegations from Arlington, Hampden, 
Olive Branch, Lafayette, Bennett, Parlett, Karsner and Poto- 
mac Lodges of Good Templars, headed by F. L. Morling, 
Grand Councilor of the State of Alaryland. Jeremiah P. 
Hooper, one of the founders of the order of Good Templars, 
was also in line. Ai'lington Lodge, David M. Reign, Jr., Mar- 
shal, had a delegation of about thirty. There were several 
devices carried in line with rude caricatures and mottoes in 
wretched bad taste, both as to conception and execution, and 
a picture of Col. Hoy, with the words, " The originator of tem- 
perance tabernacles in Baltimore." 

The fourth division was mucli better. Nimrod Gosnell, of 
the Second District of Baltimore county, rode at tlie head of 
the division as Chief Marshal, Avitii tliirteen assistants. His 



171 MEMOKl.VL VOLl'MK. 

aids were Charles T. C'ockey and Charles B. Rof^ers. The 
Maryland Ilorticnltural Society foHowed, with tableaux, the 
disjtlay bein.i,^ preceded by the Marshal, Jaines I'entland, on 
liorseback, and a carriage containing W. H. Perot, K. AV. L. 
Kasin and ^\'. 15. Sands, officers of the society. The fii-st tab- 
leau represented the pavilion of Flora, the character being 
taken by Miss May Stewart, who was seated in an elevated 
bower and partly veiled by the fruits, flowers and vines which 
surrounded her in graceful and artistic forms. The pavilion 
made a very i^retty picture. The next tableau was the Lord 
Baltimore souvenir, (by John Cook,) a beautiful design in 
ferns, dahlias, roses and carnations, carried out with exquisite 
taste. Another terraced wagon of gi'ouped plants and flowers 
came from the Frederick road florists, and R. J. Halliday had 
a striking and effective design, a bell and globe of dahlias, 
surmounted by an oriole. 

The farmers of Baltimore county were represented by large 
numbers from the different districts, mounted on fine horses, 
and presenting a creditable appearance. They were in the 
best of humor throughout the march, and not unfrequently 
expressed their satisfaction and high .si)irits by a cheer. The 
following were in line: District 1, S. C. Herd, Marshal, seventy- 
five men; District 2, Dr. II. Ilebb, Marshal; B. V. Choate, Assis- 
fnnt Marshal, two hundred and fifty men; District ;5, Thomas 
Cradock, thirty-five men; District <S, Edwin Scott, twenty-five 
men; District 10, Edward Peirce, fifty men; District PJ, Bob't 
Corse, two hundred men; District ]•>, J. M. Bryant, fifty men. 

I'atapsco Crange had a six-mule team drawing a wagon 
laden Avith agricultural products from "down the neck." 
]"]ighty mounted members of the grange, led by Thos. B. Todd, 
Master, escorted their "sample." The Junior Agricultural 
Club of the Gunpowder, Edwin Scott, Marshal, and the Garri- 
son Forest Grange, followed next, the latter having a well- 
laden six-horse Avagon, dressed with sheaves, fruits and vege- 
tables. This grange had sixty-five mounted members in line. 

The French and Italian societies of Baltimore took the 
next conspicuous place in the line, the l""'rench society having 
forty members in carriages, with a new banner borne by 
Augnste Liimbla. IS'. L. Milles is President of this society, 



MEMolilAL VOLUME. 175 

and rode in line. The Italiaii societies wliicli paraded, D. 
INIonfalcoue, Marshal, were the Uuione e Fratellanza, visitors 
from "Washington, D. C, the Baltimore society of the same 
name and the Societa C'ristofero Colombo of this city. Tlie 
Marshal of the Washington Unione was Joseph (Jatto, of the 
Baltimore Unione, M. Vicari, and of the Cristofero Colombo, 
C. S. De Fontes. Signor E. De MeroUa, Italian Vice-Consul at 
Baltimore, accompanied these. The banners and colors of tlie 
societies were very pretty. In the way of a tableau these 
societies brought into line a ship, drawn by six horses, called 
the Santa Maria, a fac simile in miniature of the caravel in 
which Columbus sailed from Palos to give a new world to 
Spain. The model was thirty feet long and ten feet in beam, 
with masts truncated out of deference to the telegraph wires 
and the arches. This vessel carried the flags of all nations, 
an armament of twelve brass culverins and eleven men for 
officers and crew. She also carried her own water with her — 
a superfluity in ocean navigation but a great convenience in 
dry seasons on the prairies — or the streets. 

The fifth division comprised Catholic beneficial societies, 
John Moylan, Marshal, and aids, B. Campbell, W. J. Duffy, 
James ISIoran, Bernard SAveetman, Patrick Kehoe, John T. 
Broderick, P. T. Barry, Daniel Sullivan, Patrick Meehan, J. 
Walsh, T. J. Moylan, Lawrence IMalloy, S. McCormick, Patrick 
Oorbitt, M. Corcoran. The societies were three from the 
parish of St. Jolm the Evangelist, under their respective pres- 
idents, one from St. Mary's Star of the Sea, one from St. A^in- 
cent de Paul, one from St. Jlartin, one from St. Bridget, one 
from St. Ignatius, and three (colored) societies from St. Fi-an- 
cis Xavier Parish. 

The sixth division, comprising similar societies, had Henry 
Bosse, Marshal; aids, Charles Adams, John Hoffmann, F. 
Leimkuhler and forty others. The societies in line were' not 
uniformed. The parishes they represented were St. Alphon- 
sus, St. Michael's, Fourteen Holy ]\Iartyrs, Holy Cross, St. 
James, Sacred Heart, St. Wenceslaus and St. Stanislaus. St. 
Alphonsus had twelve societies in line, John G. Schaab, l\[ar- 
shal, and carried a tableau representing the proclamation of 
religious liberty by the Maryland Assembly of lG4f). St. 



176 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

^ricliacl's liad nine societies in line, with a tableau of St. 
Micliacl triunipliiug over Satan — Kapliael's iiictuiv, with vari- 
ations. Sacred Heart I'arish, Charles A(lani.s, Marshal, had 
two societies in line; Fourteen Holy Martyrs' Parish, C. AV. 
Janson, Marshal, had two societies in line; Holy Cross Parish, 
Joseiih ThuniaTi, Marshal, two societies; St. James' Parish, 
Jos. Knipke, Marshal, had three societies ; St. Stanislaus one 
and St. Wenceslaus, Frank Siniek, two societies in line. 

The s(?venth division was composed entirely of colored 
people, and their turnout, in every way a creditable one, was 
greeted with hearty applause all along the line. The most 
conspicuous feature of the display was a tableau representing 
the (Joddess of Liberty, seated upon a high elevation and 
looking smilingly and approvingly upon thirty-eight little 
girls, representing the United States. Rosa Belle Paole, a 
little girl dressed in white and wearing a crown, was the God- 
dess of Liberty. The thirty-eight State representatives were 
also dres.sed in white, with colored ribbons. They were all 
grouped in a handsomely decorated wagon, and carried flags 
with the names of the States. Another striking feature of 
the display was a gayly festooned wagon, in which the law- 
giver Mo.ses was portrayed as standing majestically erect, 
crowned and gowned. David Penn represented the Grand 
High Priest of the Sons and Paughters of Moses. Throughout 
th(? parade the colored Knights Templar, the Knights rf 
llethel and other organizations, executed difficult maneuvers, 
which were invariably applauded. Every association taking 
part wore full uniforms or regalia. The Golden Leaf Associa- 
tion, of Frederick City, were dressed in dark pantaloons, white 
leggings, blue shirts and Avhite shields and caps. While 
marching they placed their arms on each others' shoulders, 
presenting an odd but handsome appearance. 

The Marshal of this division was John H. Piutler, with a 
full staff. The Knights Templar were preceded by the offi- 
cers of the Grand Commandery, S. W. Chase, Past Grand Com- 
mander; Pev. James A. Handy, Prelate; James Morris, Past 
Grand Prelate; Samuel B. Hutchins, Past Grand High Priest, 
and Thos. Bradford, of Rising Sun Commandery. The com- 
mandories in line were: Rising Sun, D. K. Sheridan, Eminent 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 177 

Commander; St. Jolin's, Jolin T. TulMnan, and Emmanuel, 
Joliii Boston, Eminent Commanders. 

The Right ^Wirshipfnl United Grand Eodge of jNIasons, who 
came next, and who numbered two hundred men, were com- 
manded by Wm. F. Taylor, Kiglit Worshipful Grand Master. 
In barouches were the presiding officers, and also J. P. Jones, 
Most Virtuous Patriarch of Arkansas, who was here on a visit. 
The officers are George Myers, Grand ]\Iaster of the District 
Grand Lodge; J. E. Wheaton, Deputy Grand Master; W. H. 
Clarenoe, Secretary ; J. W. Locks, Treasurer , Rev . Wm. Brooks, 
Chaplain; Robert Smith, Warden; J. E. Brooks, Guardian. 
John C. White is Grand Master of the Grand Council. There 
were two hundred IMasons in line. The Odd Fellows were 
commanded by Past Grand ]\raster Isaac H. Baker, and num- 
bered four hundred men. The different lodges in line were 
Eden, the oldest in the city ; Manasseh, Crystal Font, Mount 
Nebo, Brilliant Star, Evening Star, Humane, American, W. W. 
Davis Lodge, John A. Bridge Lodge and District Lodge. The 
Good Samaritans, commanded by Rt. W. Grand Chief, J. D. 
Oliver, Richard Yoimg, Chief Marshal, and Dr. D. P. Seaton, 
R. W. National Grand Chief, had the following lodges in line : 
Western Chapel, James Gray, Baltimore City, Harmony, Mount 
Lebanon and D. A. Payne. There Avere also the original 
Knights of Bethel and the Grand United Order of Bethel, 
four lodges in all. The Independent Order of Seven Wise 
Men, H. Booth, G. E. Commander, had the following lodges : 
Eastern Star, King Solomon, of Baltimore, King Solomon, of 
Catonsville, St. John's, of Lutherville, St. Joseph's, Rising Star 
and St. Paul's. The Grand Templars, Geo. R. Wilson Lodge, 
No. 4, were commanded by George C. Johnson. The Draymen, 
Carters and Wagoners' Association, J. E. Stewart, Marshal, 
had fifty mounted men in line. The Hod-carriers Avere com- 
manded by Chas. Avery; the Golden Leaf Association of 
Frederick, in charge of Prof. J. E. Purdy; the Sixth Ward 
Active Socials, J. H. Purnell, Marshal ; Western Association, 
Wm. H. Ringgold, Marshal; East Baltimore Golden Leaf 
Association, James Jackson, Marshal ; Silver Leaf Association, 
John F. Brown, Marshal ; Galilean Fishermen were com- 
manded by Thos. J. Hall, President, and Benedict Weems, 



178 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

i.farshal ; Kniylits of King David, Dan Lodge, John T. Robin- 
son, Grand Commander, John H. Owens, ISIarshal; Sons and 
Daughters of Abraham, Thos. Cager, I\hirshal ; Sons and 
Daughters of Moses. 

Tlie review at the City Hall was attended by enormous 
crowds, and among the spectators on the grand stand was U. 
S. Marshal Frederick Douglass, of Waslyngton. 

At the close of the parade the whole of the first division — 
the Scotchmen — returned to " l>olton," the residence of Mr. W. 
A\'. Siience, and marched around tlie grounds, the Marine Band 
and the pipers playing. Mr. Spence made a short speech of 
welcome, and invited the whole company to a lunch alfresco. 
Sword-dancing, bagpipe-playing and other amusements fol- 
lowed the dimier. Mr. Charles G. Kerr and several others 
made short speeches, and "Auld Lang Syne" was sung with 
clasped hands. The Highlanders marched to Washington 
Monument, which they saluted, passed through the public 
squares, and went to the residence of Mr. Malcolm Crichton, 
on Park avenue, near Franklin street. They were entertained 
by Mr. and Mrs. Crichton, and profuse hospitalities Avere ex- 
tended to them in various other places. 



THE SECRET ORDERS. 

Friday's fete, the last of the regular processions, was dedi- 
cated to the mystic orders of Friendship, Love and Lenity, the 
secret lodges and associations wliich have such a widely ram- 
ifying influence all through our modern society. The i)ro- 
gininme was as follows: Chief Mar.shal, Hon. George AA'. 
F.iiidsay; J. J. Kahler, Chief of Staff. Division Mar-^^hals: 
First Division— P. M. Snowden, A. D. Miller, AV. H. Cassell, T. 
P. Porrine, John T. IMaddux, John Cox, John Waters, Jolm M. 
Jones, John A. J. Dixon, Wm. M. Busey, E. Calvin Williams, 
Robert A. Dobbin, Chas. Rice, Alfred G. Day, N. Rufus Gill, 
Henry Duvall, S. R. Edwards, Geo. W. Lindsay, Jr., Thomas J. 
Lindsay, Wm. J. Davidson, Dr. W. H. Crim, Dr. Jos. 1.. Martin, 
Jacob Aull, E. T. Daneker, Jos. Stevens, John B. Ray, Edward 
Fowler, Carroll S. Freeburger, J. Frank Lewis, Chas. Merry- 
man, Joseph Davidson, Geo. B. Colflesh, Thos. Robier, Dr. Jas. 



MEMOm.VT. VOLUME. 170 

G. Wiltshire, INIurray Tyler, Wm. H. Ford, Wm. G. Gorsuch, 
Win. Benson, Samuel SnoAvden, Richard Hamilton. Second 
Division — Henry Lingenfelder, Henry Lance, Jacob France. 
Third Division— A. C. Sturgeon, F. G. Maxwell, P. L. Perkins. 
Fourth Division — A. J. Denson, Wm. Kanna, Geo. Eisenberg. 
Fifth Division — Dr. J. G. Linthicum, Dr. E. Gover Cox, Dr. 
Jas. E. Gibbons. Sixth Division — James L. Johnson, George 
Schwinn, John D. Ward. 

The day was as fine as those which preceded it. The streets 
were crowded with eager spectators, and the popular enthn- 
siasni showed but slight abatement. The procession formed 
on Franklin street, and marched down Paca street to Gamden 
street, to Hanover street, to Baltimore street, to North street, 
to Lexington street, to Holliday street, passing the reviewing 
stand, to Baltimore street, to Exeter street, to Pratt street, to 
Caroline street, to Eager street, to Aisquith street, to Fayette 
street, to Calvert street, to Baltimore street, where it was 
reviewed by the Chief Marshal and staff, and dismissed. 

Police Captain Lepson had a corps of poli'cemen on hand, a 
lilatoon of ten mounted men, under Sergeant Baker, preceding 
the column, which marched at 2:45 p. m., with Judge Lindsay 
at its head, accompanied by his staff and by Mr. C. Rupp in 
his Lord Baltimore. costume. The members of the Baltimore 
Riding Academy followed, a handsome mount, then the City 
College Cadets, with banners presented to them during the 
festival, and commemorating the virtues of Doctors John and 
Henry Stevenson. Following were carriages containing Mr. 
F. P. Stevens, Chairman of the IMunicipal Executive Commit- 
tee; Col. Joseph Raiber, Chief Marshal on Monday; Julius 
Conrad, Secretary of the German Committee; Albert Von 
Degen and the twin newsboys. 

The fii'st division consisted of the Independent Order of 
Odd Fellows. The drill associations were in uniform and the 
lodges and encampment members Avore full regalia. Frank 
A. Jarrett, RLarshal of the Grand Lodge of Maryland, headed 
the line, with his aids, H. T. Brian, J. W. Loudenslager, Geo. 
Constance, Chas. Potts, Wm. Grayson and George Klinefelter. 
The Encampment Drill Association of Baltimore followed, 
James Young, Captain, escorting the Washington Battalion 



180 MEJIOKIAL VOLUME. 

Drill Association, Maj. C. H. Dunn conimandiuLr. These corps 
escorted the Grand Lodge of ^Maryland in carriages. The 
Grand Lodge officers were : Grand Master, Charles H. Gatch ; 
Deputy Grand Master, Geo. A. Reid ; Grand Secretary, George 
Coburn; Grand Treasurer, A. L. Spear; Grand Warden, C. Dodd 
McFarlaud; Grand Chaplain, Rich'd Dean; Grand Conductor, 
Lewis Vogle. Among the members of the Grand Lodge was 
Captain John I. Daneker, one of the Old Defenders. Wm. l-\ 
Aldrich and John T. Jakes, representing the Sovereign Grand 
Lodge of Delaware, were also present. The subordinate 
lodges followed. The lodges in line were: Franklin, No. 2, 
H. L. Dannetelle, Marshal ; Columbia, No. 3, J. W. Schultze, 
Marshal ; I'riendship, No. 7, O. C. Lillybridge. Marshal ; Wm. 
Tell, No. 4, W. L. Gage, Marshal; Mechanics, No. 15, E. W. 
Price, ]\Iarshal ; Thomas Wildey, No. 44, Jas. Dubel, Marshal ; 
Iris, No. 48, Geo. M. Bokee, Marshal; Warren, No. 71, W. H. 
Gill, Marshal; Enterprise, No. 131, B. F. Lusby, Marshal; 
Towson Lodge, No. 79, of Towsontown, L. W. Hill, Marshal ; 
Hereford Lodge, No. 89, of Baltimore county, iL Schultz, Mar- 
shal; Hope Lodge, No. 132, Jas. S. Beaver, ^Marshal ; Schiller 
Encampment, No. 12, G. P. Reiiihart, Marshal; with members 
of other lodges and encampments interspersed throughout 
the line. 

The second division comprised the Great Council and sub- 
ordinate tribes of the Improved Order of Red 'Slen and of the 
Grand (irove and members of Washington and Mechanics 
Groves, United Ancient Order of Druids. The ^Larshal of the 
Red ]Men was J. C. Boyd; aids, C. H. Blizzard and A. A. Rein- 
hardt. The tribes in the line were: Pocahontas, No. 3, Mar- 
shal, C. H. Flaxcomb; Pawnee, No. 22, Marshal, R. C. Brooks; 
Potomac, No. 51, Marshal, Rich'd J. McKewen ; Patapsco, No. 
53, Marshal, Wm. H. Eckhardt ; Manhattan, No. 34, Marshal, 
C. Livingston; Choptank, No. 57, Marshal, John Bauer; Patux- 
ent. No. 58, ^Marshal, R. E. Cooper ; aud Red Cloud, No. 70, 
Marshal, James Johnson, Jr. Members of the Powhatan, 
Osceola, Maneto, Tecumseh, Ottawa, Susquehanna, St. Tamina 
and Seneca Tribes, which did not turn out as organizations, 
marched with the different tribes above designated as in the 
line. The Great Council of ^laryland, (Big Chiefs,) followed 



MEi^IOIUAL VOLUME. ISl 

in carnages, with otliers proiniuent in the order, viz : William 
Louis Schley, Great Sachem ; Joseph Byers, Great Senior Sag- 
amore; Ira B. Brown, Great Junior Sagamore; Edwin Jones, 
Great Chief of Kecords; Wm. G. Gorsuch, Great Keeper of 
AVampum; Joseph E. Benson, Great Prophet; J. Guest King, 
of Annapolis, Great Sannap ; Louis Bonsai, Past Great Inco- 
honee ; Joseph C. Boyd, Jr., Past Sachem, and the Great Alis- 
hinewa or Marshal, besides others. 

The officers and representatives of the Order of Pruids were 
in carriages, as follows: Wm. Hamilton, Deputy Grand Arch 
of .Maryland ; John H. Ing, Noble Arch, of Washington Grove, 
No. 1 ; George Bovinger, Yice-Arch ; Wm. A. Thompson, Sr., 
Chaplain; Master Wiley Carroll Hamilton, Color Bearer; David 
D. Hobbs, Treasurer; Jacob Gazan, Secretary; Jno. McFadden, 
Past Arch. 

The third division comprised the Knights of Pythias. First 
came the officers of the Grand Lodge of jMaryland in car- 
riages, namely, Stephen R. INlason, Grand Chancellor; John A. 
Schwartz, Grand Prelate; Jas. Whitehouse, Grand Keeper of 
Records and Seal, and his assistant, Wm. M. Byrne ; W'. S. 
Quigley, Grand Master of Exchequer; E. T. Daneker and F. 
G. Maxwell, representatives to Supreme Lodge; Justus H. 
Rathbone, of Washington city, who, in 1864, founded the 
order, rode with Past Grand Chancellor William H. Lee, and 
Grand Vice-Chancellor D. Z. Smith, of the Grand I>odge of 
Massachusetts; Past Chancellor L. C. Baker and Yice-Chan- 
cellor Thos. R. Morse, of Rescue Lodge, Baltimore; Grand 
Chancellor J. B. Merritt and Grand Keeper of Records and 
Seal George Hawkes, of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania; 
H. A. Garrett, Chancellor of Cromelin Lodge, Montgomery 
county, Md., and Past Grand Chancellor JLaner Jenkins, of 
West Virginia. Officers of the Grand Lodge of the District 
of Columbia; Past Grand Chancellor, Halver Nelson; Grand 
Chancellor, J. E. Mitchell; Grand Vice-Chancellor, Thomas 
Moling; Grand Master of Exchequer, W. H. Hines; represen- 
tatives to Supreme I^odge, J. G. L. Foxwell and A. M. J. Gun- 
ning. An advance guard of Knights in steel armor was suc- 
ceeded by the Mounted Drill Association, Captain Tegges. 
The fli'st section— Knights in dress uniform, G. Fred. Ruff, 



182 MEJIOHIAL VOLU.ME. 

Marshal; Uniform Pivisiou, No. 1, Captain Alex. Gaddes, pre- 
ceded ijy a Knard of i\niij:lit.s in armor, supporting tLe standard 
of the order; East Jkiltiniore Drill Association, Marshal, Henry 
Eckes; German Drill Association, Captain, Henry Feiuier. 
The second section — Knights in fatigue uniform; (ioethe 
Lodge, Marshal, AVilliam SchuUze; Washington (D. C.j Drill 
Association, Capt. Henry Coggins; (ieorge Washington Lodge, 
W. J. Fisher, Marshal ; Stoddard Lodge, F. A. I'ritchett, Mar- 
shal; I'ythagorean Lodge, S. E. Simmons, ^Marshal; jMt. Ver- 
non Lodge, George W. Schauni, Marshal; Rescue Lodge, S. II. 
Daneker, Marshal; Cambridge Lodge, (of Cambridge, Md.,) 
Clenu'nt Sulivane, Marshal; Eiu-eka Lodge, Chas. AV. (lilbert, 
^larshal. Knights in citizens' dress. In this section -were 
many from various lodges who did not parade as such for the 
reason that a large proportion belonged to the unitmnned 
divisions. There were also numbers of visiting Knights. 
The lodges present as such were Cromelin Lodge, Great Falls, 
Montgomery county, R. E. Ricketts, ^larshal; Fidelity Lodge, 
EUicott City, George T. Cavey, Marshal; Concordia Lodge, 
Louis Reitz, Marshal; Franklin Lodge, Henry Beckel and W. 
T. Fowler, INIarshals; Yalir.nt Lodge, John H. Michael, :*Iar- 
shal; (iood-Will Lodge, Daniel Lattenfeld, Marshal. There 
wore among the delegates Past < irand Chancellor A. 15. Jeffries 
and ten Knights from AA'ilmington, Del.; Jarrettsville and 
Shawsville, Harford county; Cockeysville, Baltimore county; 
also a delegation front Annapolis. 

The fourth division comprised Knights of the Golden Eagle 
and the Jiuiior Order of American ]\Iechanics. The former 
included a section of Baltimore Knights and one of visiting 
Kuights from Philadelphia. The P.altimore Knights were 
under command of Grand Chief J. M. Correll, who was 
mounted. Other officers on foot were Past Chief James L. 
McPhail, Coihmander; Supreme Vice-Chancellor Jacob AuU 
and Grand Sir Herald W. M. Murray. Castles represented 
were St. George's, No. 2; Mars, No. :5; Tvanhoe, No. 4; Cru- 
sade, No. fi, and Alhambra, No. 7. The visiting Knights were 
from the Gnmd Castle of Pennsylvania, and were commanded 
by (irand Cliief T. W. Brooks. In an open barouche were the 
following ofTicers of the Supreme Ctnmcil of tin' World, from 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 183 

Pliiladelplua : Supreme Vice-Cliief , Edw. S. Rowan ; Supreme 
High Priest, h. B. Howe, and Supreme Herald, Sam'l Ricliards. 
Aids to the Grand Chief were J. M. Shepherd, H. llayner and 
Walter Cunningham. Ten grand ofBcers of Pennsylvania, 
including the Grand Chief, were in the line, as follows : 
Grand Vice-Chief, Joseph V. Howell ; Grand High Priest, Dr. 
H. Augustus Wilson; Grand Venerable Hermit, John W. Baker; 
Grand Master of Records, James K. Cassedy; Grand Keeper 
of Exchequer, William Smith ; Grand Sir Herald, Jolm Dick- 
inson; Grand Worthy Chamberlain, Charles T. Dole; Bard, J. 
Heritage, and Grand Past Chief, W. Culbertson. Castles rep- 
resented from Philadelphia wei-e Keystone, Ko. 1 ; Apollo, 
No. 3, and Tngomar, No. 4. Emblazoned banners were carried 
both by the Baltimore and Philadelphia castles. 

The State officers of the Junior Order of American INIechan- 
ics present in line were as follows : Past State Councilor, R. T. 
Frank ; State Councilor, C. A. Fisher ; Lt. Vice-Councilor, J. 
P. Rump ; State Secretary, J. Adam Sohl ; State Treasurer, 
Wm. Harvey; State Warden, W. Watkins; State Conductor, 
Geo. Gable; State Representatives to the National Council, 
A. E. Disney, Edward Gage, A. Charles Barlage, Wm. S. Git- 
tinger and Henry Krause. The officers in command were 
Chief INIarshal R. T. Frank and Assistants Chas. R. Sliipley, 
Chas. H. Crawford, Geo. A. Simmons, James Vinson and Jolm 
R. Boblitz. Six councils were represented, namely: Balti- 
more, Maryland, United, Friendship, Morning Star and Golden 
Rule, of Waverley. The members, as indicated by the name 
of the order, were all young men. 

The fifth division, A. J. Denson, INIarshal, George Eisenberg, 
Joseph Stevens, aids, comprised the Heptasophs, or Seven 
Wise Men, the Grand Lodge Independent Order of ]\Ieclianics 
and subordinate lodges of the same Order. The Heptasophs 
bore three tableaux illustrative of the history of their order, 
which was first instituted in the United States at New Orleans, 
April 11th, 1852. The first of these pictures presented the 
neophyte, seeking admission to the Order, the wise men ap- 
pearing in character, clad in their robes of office. The second 
gave the candidate after admission, called " Gayo." The third 
was emblematic of the mysteries of initiation. The officers 



1S4 MEMOUIAL VOLUME. 

of the Seven ^\'ise Men were W. T. Fredericks, Grand Cliar- 
rellor; J. V. Posey, Most Eminent (irand Arclion; James R. 
Wilson, Most Worsliipfnl (Irand J'rovost ; Charles Fairbanks, 
Kii,'ht Worthy (Jrand Scribe; Jacob Blankford, Right Worthy 
(Irand Treasm-er; AV. T. Hammond, Most Venerable (irand 
Prelate; Jas. 15. Lucas, Hiirht M'orthy (Jrand Inspector-Cien- 
eral ; Thomas (J. linckley, Riyht Worthy Crand Herald; Chas. 
Klein, Right Worthy Grand Warden; Henry Richards, Right 
Worthy Grand Sentinel; A. J. Simpson, (Irand Tnstrnctor, and 
John H. Russell, Right Worthy Grand Guide, all in carriages. 
Robert Gillespie, Supreme Provost of the Supreme Lodge, and 
Past Supreme Archon Frank Raymo, were also in line. The 
lodges were (Jamma, Kappa, Alpha, Lafayette, Baltimore City, 
Beta, Delta, Epsilon, Zeta, Lambda, Pi, Xi, Phi and Marion. 

The Grand Lodge Independent Order Mechanics, who follow- 
ed next, were officered as follows : A. J. Denson, Senior Grand 
Architect; James Jolmson, Grnnd Architect; W. H. Snader, 
Vice-Grand Architect; Wm. Louis Schley, Grand Secretary; 
W. T. Coleman, Grand Treasurer; J. AV. S. Tracey, (Jrand 
Chaplain; James Gaddess, Grand Conductor; John S. Rich- 
ardson, Grand Inside Sentinel; Bernard Vogel, Grand Outside 
Sentinel. Joshua N. Richardson acted as Grand Marshal. 
All the officers were in barouches, as were also L. H. Patterson, 
Past Grand Architect, and editor of the Mechanics' Advocate, 
AA'a.shington; James ^lartin. Past Grand Architect, and Samuel 
R. Turner, both of AA^ashington. ]\Iessrs. George List and AVm. 
C. Bailey, founders of the order in tliis city, were in a carriage. 
The subordinate lodges were Alaryland, I'altimore City, Fi-ank- 
lin, Eureka, Oriental, Lafayette, Howard, Ph(rni-\, Alpha, of 
AVoodberry, Olive Branch, I'riendship, Mechanics, Columbia, 
King Havid, Myrtle, Prospect, AVarren and Monumental. 

Thomas M. Hukehart, Dr. J. G. Linthicum and James L. 
Johnson were Marshals of the sixth division, which was 
headed by the Royal Arcanum, with I>. V. Gambrill, Marshal, 
Samuel F. Bennett, Lieutenant Marshal, J. A. Merritt, R. AV. 
Baldwin, J. Henry Knell, Jr., Dr. A. M. AVortman, Francis 
Gates, Fredk. Ehlen, D. W. Rudy, R. AV. Pice, Richard B. AVil- 
liams, B. C. Shipley, John E. (iressitt, AV. F. Leber, Thos. A. 
Milman, J. G. Tyler, Dr. AVilliams, R. E. DifFenderffer, D. L. 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 185 

Keuly, A. P. Amos, Jr., A. T. Spice, P. Scull and otlierg, Assis- 
tant Mar.slials. All these gentlemen were mounted. One 
liundred and fifty officers of the various councils followed in 
barouclies, each wearing elaborate gold badges, indicative of 
their rank and position. The carriages were decorated with 
orange and black, and each carried a council banner and an 
American flag raised aloft. The Grand Council of the Order, 
composed of the following gentlemen, also rode in carriages, 
carrying the Grand Council banner : E. Gover Cox, Rev. Wm. 

F. Speake, C. Winston Smith, Jesse Remington, J. Glen Cook, 
John F. Pullen. The following councils were represented : 
Alpha Council, No. 192, the pioneer liere, Wm. Shannon, 
Regent; Carrollton, No. 257, D. E. Shipley, Jr., Regent; Mt. 
Vernon, No. 279, Nelson Poe, Jr., Regent ; Maryland, No. 296, 
S. Hartman, Regent; Eureka, No. 30S, Geo. H. M. Marriott, 
Regent ; Baltimore City, No. 357, James F. Schaefer, Regent ; 
Park, No. 361, A. J. Corning, Regent; Chesapeake^ No. 364, 
H. N. Bankard, Regent; Mercantile, No. 378, E. M. Shriver, 
Regent; Monumental, No. 479, C. M. Elliott, Regent; Patapsco, 
No. 482, T. B. Gambel, Jr., Regent. The Grand Lodge Im- 
I)roved Order of Mechanics followed, John T. Jones, Grand 
Master, and officers in carriages, with flags : W. A. Potts, C. E. 
Jack, James A. Talbot, R. H. Deale, H. C. Ewing, C. W. Cook, 
Thomas Kirby, John A. MacGregor, Jos. N. Megary, Charles 
A. Mills. 

The next place in the division was taken by the Improved 
Order of Heptasophs, Columbus Shipley, Robert F. Metzel, 
Marshals. Eighteen barouches were in line, containing only 
officers of the different conclaves of the order. These carried 
flags of the order, national and State colors. The following 
conclaves were represented : Metropolitan, No. 19, C. C. Rhodes, 
Archon; Protection, No. 17, Dr. Belt, Archon; Baltimore City, 
No. 16, R. T. Stevens, Archon; Delphi, No. 14, Chas. M. Hop- 
kins, Archon; Columbia, No. 11, J. J. Jett, Archon; Rebecca, 
No. 10, Adolph Eohmayer, Archon; Gem, No. 8, G. M. D. Nice, 
Archon ; Eastern, No. 7, J. W. Jones, Archon ; Zeta, No. 6, F. 

G. Cramer, Archon. The Supreme Trustees of the order, John 
W. Cruett, John (i. Eouis, and Supreme Medical Director, Dr. 
J. 11. Christian, rode together. The Supreme I'rovost, W. J. 



18fi MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

McC'lure, of roniisylvaiiia, iuid Supremo Secretary, James S. 
Watkiiis, came next in order. Past Supreme Arclions John A. 
Dobson, William D. Higjjins, occupied one of tlie special car- 
riaj,'es. Tast Supreme Arclion G. V. Mitzel and Supreme 
Arclion Joseph Harris brou,i>:ht up the rear. The j^rocession 
was In-outrht up l)y the Avoudale Pleasure Association, Chas. 
Ilaupt, Director, who paraded on foot, (uessed in orant;:e and 
black. 

The review at the City Hall by Mayor Latrobe was assisted 
by Hon. G. G. Collins, Mayor of Columbus, Oliio, Captain 
Meade, of the Vandalia, ex-Mayor Elijah Stansbury, Col. J. 
Thomas Scharf, John T. Ford, Gen. Shriver, Judijes Lewis, 
Patterson and Carr, of the Appeal Tax Court, Collector John 
L. Thomas, Messrs. jNIooney, Horner and Fledderman, of the 
City Council, Kev. George E. Hildt, Mr. AY. A. Wisong, and 
others. 



THE PAKADE IX THE HARBOR. 

The ofiicial programme of the Municipal Executive Com- 
mittee's parades closed on the sixth day, Saturday, October 
null, with a parade in the harbor, of steam tugboats, reviewed 
by Mayor I>atrobe and the Committee. This brilliant spec- 
tacle was under the conduct of Capt. R. M. Spedden, Chief 
Marshal, in the tug the Anna Belle ; Capt. J. G. Eoberts, 
Deputy IMarshal, in the Goldsmith Maid, and Gapts. James 
Rlieil and A\'illiam Hujit, aids, in the George Rheiman and 
the John Taxis. The flagship was the Rattler, Capt. Wm. R 
Shaw, (Capt. Geo. W. Beck, managing owner,) and the fleet 
consisted of seventy-one steam tugs. 

The idea of having one day's festival in the shape of a 
waterside review was a happy one, resulting in one of the 
handsomest and most picturesque spectacles ever witnessed 
anywhcri". 'riii> iirocession on the Patapsco, in fact, viewed 
merely from an artistic standpoint and as a scenic effect, was 
the most successful part of the festival. It took place under 
a warm and serene sky, on waters just kissed by the gentlest 
of zephyrs, and in the pi-esence of thousands and thousands of 
spectators, who oi'cupied every point from which a glimpse 



MEMOIJIAL VOLUME. 187 

could be had of tlie ]iai-bor, frOm tlio Easin doAvii to I.oM^or 
Canton. Federal Hill was a terraced mass of Ininian beings 
in gay attire. All the boats in the harbor were out ; the yards 
and rigging of all the vessels were manned, and every wliarf 
and pier, and the roofs of all sheds and adjacent warehouses, 
were crowded. There were numbers of excursion steamers 
plying to and fro, laden to the gunwales with their living 
freight. The harbor and all the vessels in it and every con- 
spicuous place about it were elaborately decorated, and mil- 
lions of flags were displayed. At every wharf, from Locust 
Point all the way along the South Baltimore front, in the 
do(;ks at the head of the Basin, and on the north side, down 
to the Canton elevators, thousands of vessels and a forest of 
masts were decorated with bunting, and myriads of flags and 
streamers fluttered in the bright sunlight whicli gladdened 
the occasion. Around the circuit of the inner harbor, for the 
distance of five or six miles, sailing vessels from all parts of 
the world, European steamers, our own coastwise and bay 
steamers and otlier craft, were all profusely decorated M'ith 
bunting, and even the vessels riding at anchor in Quarantine, 
below Fort McHenry, showed their colors in recognition of 
the celebration, while along the channels of the river even 
the biloys were ornamented with yellow and black. On eveiy 
available spot on land, on all the vessels around the circuit, 
on every pier and headland, crowds of spectators swarmed to 
view the marine spectacle. The grassy slopes and earthworks 
of Fort McHenry and the parapets, Avere black with masses of 
people, who had been assembling from half-past nine o'clock 
until ten o'clock, when the procession was expected to start. 
In the meanwhile the tugs and other vessels to take part in 
the demonstration presented a scene of bustling activity as 
they moved about the harbor to the rendezvous off Canton, a 
short distance above the Lazaretto light-house. It was not 
without some delay that all the preparatory details were put 
in shape by Capt. B. M. Spedden, Chief Marshal of tlie day, 
and his aids. 

The city iceboat Ferdinand C. Latrobe had the honor of 
bearing the admiral's flag, the escutcheon of ]\Iaryland, at the 
fore, Capt. Geoghegan commanding. The vessel, clean and 



188 MEMOIUAL VOLUME. 

trim in all its parts, was f,'ayly dressed with flags and 
streamers, and carried besides many beautifnl ladies, who 
i,'raced tlie occasion by their presence. Over the wheel-house 
of the Latrobe was a large canvas on which was a picture of 
the Battle Monument and the inscripticm "City of Baltimore, 
17;30-1880." The front of the wheel-house was Imng with red, 
white and blue shields of Maryland, and the black and 
yellow colors. From the foremast to maimnast head wei-e 
strings of flags. The iceboat Maryland was brilliant with 
rows of flags from stem to stern. The masts and railings 
were entirely covered with the Calvert coloi's. At the foot of 
iSouth street was also the large city tug Baltimore, Capt. Col- 
lins, dressed out in the height of anniversary colors ; she took 
on board a large number of ladies and gentlemen. The Balti- 
more had her whole upper works covered with flags and 
coloi-s, abov(^ which floated a flag bearing the name of the 
tug. The Baltimore and Ohio tug convoy, lying near by, was 
very finely decorated from stem to stern with United States, 
German and other flags, black and yellow colors and ever- 
greens. On board the Latrobe, beside ^Mayor Latrobe, Presi- 
ident; James "Woodside, Secretary, and >.'. IL Hutton, Civil 
Engineer, and Wm. H. Skinner, of the Harbor Board, the 
guests included many city officers and others of positio"n and 
consequence in the community. On the steamer Maryland, 
commanded by Capt. Griggs, were members of the Harbor 
and Kiver Board of Relief and their guests, comprising many 
of the most prominent business men and merchants of the 
city, beside numerous ladies. 

At 10:."50 o'clock the JIaryland, with Captain Adam Itzel's 
Fifth Regiment Band playing, steamed out from the wliarf, 
and the F. C. Latrobe went out three minutes later, and took 
the lead down the harbor. The view from both vessels was 
magnificent. Hearty cheers were given by the crowds as 
the iceboats passed down the harbor, with flags flying and 
whistles blowing. Steamers from Light street wharf — the 
I'entz, ^Slatilda, Pilot Boy, (Jeorgeanna, Chester, and others, 
came out swarming with passengers. One or two very slight 
showers fell from light clouds, not sufficient to moisten the 
decks. The fleecy clouds soon passed over, and the day was 



JMEJIOKIAI. VOLUM]-:. 189 

all lliat could be desired, clear, warm, and ■with a sliglit wind 
from the northwest. Hundreds of small rowboats were flying 
around the harbor. Off Locust Point the fleet of tugs was 
met passing up to form line in the harbor. The tugs had 
assembled near the Upper Canton elevator, and the shores 
were covered by thousands of men, women and childi-en, look- 
ing on. As the tugs came by singly or in groups of two or 
three, their whistles shrieked in every key from the shrill 
pipe of a little 20-horse-power engine up to the hoarse notes 
of the Latrobe. All the tugs appeared most brilliantly deco- 
rated as they cut through the waters, showing all the colors 
of the rainbow. The pilot-houses were hidden under a wealth 
of decorations, and their decks were crowded with happy 
faces of men, women and children, laughing and cheerhig 
and waving handkerchiefs. The tug men had what those on 
land could not have, their wives, children and sweethearts 
and friends to enjoy the gala day. On the Avay down, the 
iceboat Latrobe, followed by the Maryland and Baltimore, 
was joined also by the United States revenue vessels Ewing 
and Guthrie, of Baltimore, and Hamilton, of Philadelpliia, 
the convoy thus forming of itself an imposing array. The 
Hamilton had come from Philadelphia on purpose to take 
part in the demonstration. The Ewing, Capt. Warner, carried 
about two hundred persons, including many ladies, to witness 
the parade. At Fort ]\IcHenry the Ewing took on board Gen. 
R. B. Ayres and others, including the Fort Band, and also 
transferred many of the passengers to the revenue cutter 
Hamilton, Capt. Davis. The revenue cutter Guthrie, Capt. 
Mullet, carried down a select party. All three revenue ves- 
sels were plentifully supplied with bunting. 

When the iceboat Latrobe and its convoy liad passed the 
bonded warehouses at Henderson's wharf, the anchorage 
grounds of the United States war vessels Yandalia and Kear- 
sarge were revealed, animated by hundreds of decorated ves- 
sels and the bustle of the gala occasion. The Yandalia, the 
flagship, Capt. ]\Ieade commanding, lay bow on towards the 
channel, and the Kearsarge, Commander Picking, broadside 
on further down. Both the vessels were decorated Mith a 
single line of flags reaching from the water below the bow- 



190 MEMORIAL VOLIME. 

sprit over the tops of their masts to the water at the stem. 
It was a convenient tiction of the hour that the (Jovernor of 
Mary hind was aboard the Latrobe, and in consequence of this 
supposition a salute of seventeen ^auis was fired from the 
Vandalia. This greeting wreathed the saluting vessel in 
smoke, and the deep roar of the guns fin- a time drowned the 
shrill whistle of the tugs. 

The Latrobe steamed down to tlie lower anchorage grounds 
and remained until the tugs had formed above, two and two. 
Among the vessels down the river was the beautiful steam 
yacht "The Gleam," owned by Mr. Wm. H. Graham. Slie 
was handsomely decorated with flags and Chinese lanterns. 
Tliere were also in the stream seven I'hiladelphia yachts 
which had come on to Baltimore dm-ing the week. 

Then the vessels, with bands playing, steamed down to 
within two hundred yards or so of Fort Carroll and took 
station there. In the meanwhile the tugs constituting the 
gala procession proceeded down the east side of the harbor 
close under the Northern Central Railroad elevators. Up- 
wards of sixty vessels were in the line, steaming at an average 
interval of one hundred yards apart, and making the total 
length of the line over four miles, or the whole distance from 
the lower Canton elevator to Fort Carroll. A United States 
flag was displayed on the lauding pier of the fort, and the 
"Old Sergeant" and his gallant detachment, wlio garrison the 
fort, stood at attention and all amazement at the sight of the 
parade. Lying near the Latrobe were the revenue cutters 
Hamilton, Ewing and Guthrie. 

The long procession of steamtugs passed by the Latrobe, 
each one saluting with steam whistle, and rounding Fort Car- 
roll, formed for review, the line extending in a semi-circle 
from opposite Quarantine nearly to Fort McHenry. The tugs 
were in the following order: Morris Ij. Keen— owners, J. H. 
Kiehl & Bros.; master, Capt. John H. Riehl. Canton— owners, 
Baltimore Elevators Company ; master, Capt. Geo. W. Martin. 
Alexander Jones— owners, Alex. Jones & Co.; master, Capt. 
Joseph A. Howard. Lon Edes— owners, F. Roberts and others; 
master, Capt. R. A. Adams. Lawson — owners, John H. Cook 
and others; master, Capt. James Adams. Mohawk— owner, 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 191 

Jolin H. Rielil ; master, Capt. Clias. W. Russell. Game Cock — 
owners, Jas. L. Eielil and others; master, Capt. J. H. D. ]\Iills. 
Minnie Maythan — owner, James Brown; master, Capt. ^\'m. 
Moody. Hattie Wood — owners, Jolin Wood & Co.; master, 
Capt. Henry DeJoy. Lizzie Mc]Malion — owners, Jolm Wood & 
Co. ; master, Capt. David Wood. Jim — owners, Baker, Wliite- 
ley & Co. ; master, Capt. J. R. Reock. Reuben Foster— owner 
and master, Capt. Charles F. RieM. H. M. Green— owner and 
master, Capt. Isaac Kirby. J. W. Thompson- owners, Joseph 
Jury & Co. ; master, Capt. J. B. Johnson. Chesapeake— owner, 
W^m. Malony; master, Capt. J. L. Hurley. George Xorris— 
owners, Capt. Wm. V. Norris and others ; master, Capt. J. Cot- 
trell. INIarion— owners, Edward Graham and others; master, 
Capt. Jesse Thurlow. Parole— OAvners, A. R. Skinner and 
others; master, Capt. A. R. Skinner. Grace Titus— owner, 
Peter Zane; master, Capt. Wm. ]\Iills. Joseph W. Bullock- 
owner, James Legg; master, Capt. David Joynes. Vigilant— 
owner, George W. Whitof ord ; master, Capt. Whiteford. Uncle 
Sam— owner, George Weaver; master, Capt. Cieorge W. Jones. 
A. Somers Kapella — owner, James McCoy ; master, Capt. John 
]\IcCoy. George M. Hill— owned in Havre de CJrace. Success- 
owners, Rauch & Bowen; master, Capt. M. Farley. Alice ]\r. 
Ehrman— owner, Lewis Ehrman; master, Capt. A. F. Doane. 
Camilla— owners, A. L. Huggins and others; master, Capt. 
Henry T. Bramble. Rattler— owners, Capt. George W. Beck 
and others; master, Capt. Wm. H. Shaw, Jr. Convoy— owners, 
r.altimore and Ohio Railroad Company; Capt. J. R. Boyd. S. 
M. Johnson— owner, Wm. A. Johnson; master, Capt. Alfred 
Sholley. Robert Turner— owners, D. H. Leary and others; 
master, Capt. D. H. Leary. James IMcDougal- owners, F. 
Roberts and others ; master, Capt. ^^nl. Roberts. Enterprise- 
owners, Capt. George W. Beck and others ; master, Capt. E. C. 
Fountain. Tigress— owners, F. Roberts and others; master, 
Capt. Palo Rossi. Joseph Zane— owner, Edw. Wilson ; master, 
Capt. Walter Wooden. S. J. Flanigan— owners, American 
Dredging Company. Lightning — American Dredging Conir 
pany. J. C. Fobes— owners, Fobes Bros. ; master, Capt. Clias. 
Funk. L. B. Cranmer— owners, Capt. Cranmer and others; 
master, Capt. L. S. Collison. Amanda Powell— owners, F. 



192 MEJtORIAL VOLUME. 

Koberts and others; master, Capt. George Roberts. Lizzie 
lluiit — owners, (Jeorge F. Brown and otliers; master, Capt. 
Wilson Davis, liichard S. Garrett — owners, Capt. George W. 
Beck and others ; master, Capt. James O'Xeil. D. W. Lenox — 
owners, Capt. George W. Beck and others; master, Capt. John 
IL BroAvn. Emma — owners, Capt. Joseph Shaw and others ; 
master, Capt. A. E. Callin. Warrior — owners, Fobes Bros. J. 
S. Gunby — owner, Stephen Gunby; master, Capt. Thos. ]\Iann. 
Caroline — owners, Baltimore Towing Company; master, L. 
Dacan. James Bigler — owners, F. Roberts and otliers ; master, 
Capt. Frank Kirby. Mary Shaw — owner, Capt. Alex. Jones; 
master, Capt. T. T. Kirby. Virginia Ehrman — owner, Lewis 
Ehrman; master, Capt. I. J. Anderson. Com. S. F. Dupont — 
owner, Lewis Ehrman; master, Capt. Chas. Dagenhart. Her- 
cules — owners, Capt. Geo. AY. Beck and others ; master, Capt. 
W. H. Stark. Kate Jones — owner, Capt. Alex. Jones; master, 
Capt. A. F. Jones, in place of Capt. Spedden, Chief Marshal 
for the day. Miivy Curtis — owners, Fobes Bros. ; master, Capt. 
Charles Lewis. Annie Bell — owner, Capt. Alex. Jones; Chief 
^larshal's boat, nnder command of Capt. Spedden. Gold- 
smith Maid — owners, F. Roberts and others; Capt. J. T. 
Roberts, Deputy ^larshal, in command. George S. Reiman — 
owners, Jas. L. Riehl and others ; commanded by Capt. Riehl, 
aid to the Marshal. John Taxis — owners. Ranch & Bowen ; 
master, Capt. Jas. H. Bull, President of the Towboat Associa- 
tion; Capt. Wm. Hunt, aid to the ^Marshal, was on board. The 
Robert Leslie, a United States lighthouse and 1)uoy tender, 
and the Idle Hour, a tiny steam yacht, owner and master, 
John Lowell, were in the line with the tugs. 

The Morris L. Keen acted as the flag-boat of the tug fleet, 
and took the front of the line. The decorations of the ve.ssel 
Avere very striking. Over the front of the pilot house was a 
representation of the Maryland escutcheon, the fi.sherman and 
the farmer being in tableau with two boys dressed in appro- 
priate costume, one in black and the other in yelloM' colors; 
one with a spade, the other with a fish. Over the shield was 
an eagle, and at the bow of tlie boat Avas a large star of blue 
llowers. The C;inton was occupied as officers' boat, carrying 
Cominodure .Mexander Jones, of the Towboat Association; 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 193 

president, Capt. Jolm H. Bull; vice-president, Capt. J. T. Hur- 
ley ; secretary, Cliarles Herzog, and treasurer, Capt. George W. 
Martin. 

The small steam yaclit Teleiiliouc, built by James Clark & 
Co., and carried in tlie street procession ]\Ionday, towed down 
a miniature full-rigged clipper sliip, about thirty feet long. 
Below Fort Carroll tlie wind was favorable for sailing up, and 
tlie little sliip was cast loose and sailed back to tlie harbor. 
The little ship was also built by ISIessrs. Clark & Co. at the 
time of the centennial exhibition in Philadelphia. On her 
first attempt to make the voyage from Baltimore she capsized 
and had to be brought back, but subsequently went through 
to Philadelphia successfully and was on exhibition there. 

The Idle Hour, hardly as big as an ordinary rowboat, is 
said to be the smallest steam yaclit in the world, and the 
little vessel excited much attention in tlie harbor as she ran 
out and in the line of tugs. 

The Annie Belle, Goldsmith Maid, George Rieman and John 
Taxis, used by Mar.shal Spedden and his aids, passed up and 
down at all points where directions were needed. 

It was wonderful to see how infinite variety could come out 
of so much sameness. Flags, black and yellow colors and 
evergreens made up the whole, and yet no two were alike. 
Every breath of breeze caused new and varied shapes on each 
as the flags waved and shifted about. Among the boats 
specially notable for decorations were the Hercules and Kate 
Jones, both of which had high masts, which assisted much in 
pixjclucing a striking effect. On the Reuben Foster was a can- 
vas bearing the inscription, " Peace, Good- Will and Prosperity 
to all Mankind." One of the boats owned by Fobes & Co. 
liad canvases on which were inscribed " Peep ^yater the Life 
of Commerce. Depth of Water at Baltimore in 1870, 14 feet, 
in 1880, 25 feet." " We Spend Our Money where we Make it." 
The decorations of the Virginia Ehrman were also very fine. 
Everywhere the garniture of beauty covered the armor of 
strength, and under the airy floating flags, entwined colors, 
waving banners and evergreen wreaths were the engines and 
stout hulls of the tugs, material proofs of the strength, energy 
and solidity of the city to which they belong. 



194 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

When tlie last boat of tlie procession wliicli liad pranced 
over the rippling water had rounded Fort Carroll, the Latrobe, 
with the Mayor standing on the upper deck on the larboard 
side of the pilot-house, passed along the front of the line to 
the head of tlie column, the bands playing and the wliistles 
blowing. It was a beautiful sight as the great steamer swept 
in front of the gayly decked line. 

At Fort McHenry the wharves and esplanades of the fort 
were crowded with people, and as tlie Latrobe came near she 
was greeted with cheers. By command of Gen. Ayres a salute 
of thirty-eight guns was fij-ed from the wharf by the field 
batteiy. Opposite the United States men-of-war the I^atrobe 
was just in time for those on board to see a column of water 
thrown up by the last of the torpedoes exploded by the boats 
of the war vessels. 

The Latrobe then proceeded to Boyce's wharf, where the 
close of the review took place, the boats forming two and two, 
lashod together, and passing around the Latrobe. This was 
probably the most beautiful maneuver of the whole, and the 
glory of the scene can scarcely be described. A lady said the 
tugboats kept step beautifully. The whole harbor Avas a 
moving panorama of gorgeous beauty. Whistles were almost 
deafening, and the cheers were tumultuous. The enthusiasm 
was so great that many of the elder gentlemen on the Latrobe 
were shouting and waving theii" hats with all the energy of 
youth. ]\ruch admiration was expressed at the easy and 
graceful way in which the boats maneuvered. After the 
review the I>atrobe, Maryland and Baltimore proceeded to 
the foot of South street and the tugs to their wharves at Fell's 
Point and Canton. The pleasure of the day was without 
alloy. 

The Snn newspaper, in commenting on this striking and 
brilliant "Pageant on the Patapsco," says: 

" It is universally agreed by those fortunate enough to wit- 
ness the festival of Saturday in the Basin, harbor and river, 
that it er[ualed in effect and ijicturesque beauty any pageant 
in the whole series of spectacles in lionor of the one liuiulnvl 
and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of our city, which 
liave made last week so memorable in the annals of Balti- 



MEMORIAL VOLUME, 195 

more. Mr. Leakin's comparison of the scene to the ancient 
festival of Venice, the marriage of the newly-elected Doye to 
the Adriatic, which the poets have so often celebrated, was a 
just one, and not exaggerated. It was a scene which deserved 
a poet's pen to commemorate it, and none other could do jus- 
tice to accessories so numerous and so varied, so rich and lux- 
uriant, surrounding an industrial display that was so intensely 
modern, and so typical of the activity, the bustle, the mechan- 
ical resources and labor-saving appliances of contemporary 
life. Viewed in this light, the scene was by no means simply 
a "tugboat regatta," but a real toiu-nament held by the 
knights of industry, the chivalry of labor ; and it fully bore 
out the thesis which leading scientists like Huxley and Tyn- 
dall and Proctor are fond of maintaining, that there is as 
much genuine poetry, if men would only see it, as many of 
"these brave translunary things that the first poets had," in 
the environments of the life of to-daj% as can be found in the 
remotest antiquity. "We have sham tournaments in plenty, 
and shabby burlesques they too often are. But on Saturday 
we had a real tournament, a marine tournament ; and a more 
enlivening and brilliant spectacle was never presented. The 
place for the " lists " and the spectators who witnessed it were 
both of them worthy of the " men-at-arms " who coursed, and 
the Queen of Love and Beauty in whose honor they tilted. 
That Queen, fair Baltimore, never shone more peerless than 
she did on Saturday, in the soft, subdued October sunlight. 
Viewed from the lower harbor and from the roadstead off 
Fort ]\IcHenry, the city's gi-aceful proportions were most 
exquisitely displayed. Not even Constantinople, rising above 
the Golden Horn, ever shone forth more brilliantly, and 
strangers confessed tliat our paragon of commerce and indus- 
try deserved all the eulogiums which her sons delight to 
lavish upon her. The water margin of the city in every 
direction that tlie eye turned was fringed Avith a great con- 
course of spectators, who covered every roof and crowded 
upon every pier. Every vessel at her moorings, every eleva- 
tion of whatever character, every roof, was filled ; Federal 
Hill was populous as a market place, and an army of eager 
and delighted gazers stood upon tlie parade ground at Fort 



196 ' MEMORIAL VOU'.ME. 

jMcHoniy. Far down tlie river the concourse contiiiuetl, and 
these spectators cheered till they were hoarse and waved 
handkerchiefs until arms were weary. The great elevators 
and tobacco warehouses resembled hotels in gala dress, and 
bunting was displayed from countless masts and spars. The 
beautiful and capacious harbor, from the head of the Basin 
clear out as far as the eye could see into the bay, was dotted 
with white sails of moving vessels, and busy with the evi- 
dences of active and prosperous commerce ; and in and out 
among these and among the steamboats, crowded with people 
to the gunwales, the little tugs darted along, each one a mass 
of dainty decorative devices, a panoply of flags, pennons, 
streamers and banners, till they seemed like knights indeed, 
"glittering in golden coats like images." It was simply won- 
derful to note how gracefully, with what precision and accu- 
racy they moved at the signal, amid the cheers of the crowd, 
the booming of cannon, the waving of handkerchiefs, and the 
screaming of steam-whistles, which — "sonorous metal-blow- 
ing exciting sounds" — was not unappropriate to the occasion. 
The ease, rapidity and grace of motion of the neat and tidy 
tugboats was a surprise to many who could not imagine such 
perfectness of drill, nor that celerity and activity could be 
made so completely the attributes of so much strength and 
accui-acy. Indeed the boats, both when they made the circuit 
of the harbor and Basin two abreast and when they moved in 
single file around Fort Carroll and the city's iceboats, were 
handled as easily as the steeds of those equestrians of old 
whose pride it was " to witch the world with noble horseman- 
ship." The drill was masterly in its way, showing the capac- 
ity to conduct a fleet and maneuver a squadron in those who 
contrived and controlled it. As a spectacle nothing could be 
finer, and it was singularly exhilarating to behold all this 
flutter of nicely harmonized color, all this grace and celerity 
of motion on the surface of the ciuivering green waters, with 
the accompaniment of music and the crisp sea air just enli- 
vened by a gentle breeze, the warm glow of sunshine, and the 
nuirmurous applause of myriad voices. It was a regatta and 
a pageant ; it was a triumph of art and skill and taste, and 
it was at the same time a commercial revelation. This caval- 



MKMOUIAL VOLUME. 197 

cade of vessels, moving back and fortli tlirougli the harbor 
and down the river like " i>roud-nianed horses" dragging their 
chariots, their snorting whistles " trumpeting defiance," was a 
significant tribute to tlie commerce and transportation facil- 
ities of Baltimore, a testimonial meaning as much in its way 
as the long procession of the employes of the Baltimore and 
Ohio and other of our railroads on Monday. These boats, so 
gayly decorated, so festive in their motions and maneuvering, 
are part and parcel of the city's claim to supremacy in termi- 
nal facilities and all the resources and appliances of transpor- 
tation. They meant as much as the great elevators and rail- 
road piers on each side of the harbor, in front of whicli they 
maneuvered ; as the huge ships across whose bows and under 
whose sterns they plied their restless course. They were the 
symbols of the wealth and solidity of Baltimore's present 
commerce, and they did not tilt vainly in honor of their 
queen. It was a fitting thing that the great week of spec- 
tacles should be rounded up witli such a pageant. That week 
began with a forcible and comprehensive illustration of the 
city's industrial resources on land, and Saturday this same 
exhibition was continued on the waves — it was, so to speak, 
only Monday's procession that had "suffered a sea change 
into something rich and strange." The reality of a commerce 
capable of giving employment to such a coi*ps engaged simply 
in the towing service will not be disputed by any of Balti- 
more's rivals, and only in Baltimore could such a purely 
industrial service design and execute such an artistic and 
beautiful spectacle." 



CHAPTER EIGHTH. 

Jligli t'ariiivsil. 

THE Muiiicipal Exocutivo C'oiinnittcc wci'C rareful to iiu- 
nounce tliat their official connection with the great les- 
tival closed with the week, the event.s of which we have chron- 
icled. Further demonstration they would m)t be responsible 
for. They liad no more money to appropriate, nor would they 
undertake to direct arrangements. Nevertheless, processions 
were arranged for both Monday and Tuesday evenings, Octo- 
ber ISth and 19th, with a general illumination on the latter 
evening, in honor to the anniversary of the sui-render of Corn- 
wallis at Yorktown. On the afternoon and evening of both 
days the proprietors of the American and Siiii newspapers 
gave open air concerts to the public from platforms erected in 
front of their establishments. It had been amiounced and in- 
deed was part of the original programme of the German socie- 
ties, that there was to be a concert of sacred music in Druid 
Hill Park on Sunday afternoon. This was to have been given 
by the Musical Union of Baltimore, with an orchestra of eighty 
performers, directed by Prof. J. II. Rosewald. The weather, 
however, proved unfavorable, and a heavy rain coming up, the 
performance was not had. The regrets on this account were 
perhaps palliated to a great extent by the fact that in this 
way there was nothing in the whole course of the festival to 
give offence to the susceptibilities of those who are pained at 
everything which, however innocent in itself, might yet wear 
the appearance of an intrusion upon the sanctity of the 
Sabbath. There had been fears of this, and Jlr. V^'ra. ^^'ood- 
ward, Avhose venerable years and lifelong usefulness as a citi- 
zen, no less than his official position in the Sabbath Associa- 
tion of Baltimore, entitled him to be heard with respect, had 
written to ]\Iayor Latrol)e before the festival, asking that it 
should begin on the 12th and terminate the 1 1th, in order to 



MEMOKLVL VOLUME. 199 

avoid imposing unusual activities upon people on Sunday. 
The programme could not be changed, however, nor were Mr. 
Woodward's fears realized to any material degree. In proof of 
this it is only necessary to quote his own congratulatory 
letter to the Mayor, under date of October 22d, 1880. He 
wrote : " I received your very courteous reply a short time ago 
in answer to mine on behalf of the Sabbath Association of 
Maryland. We appreciated the difficult position you occu- 
pied, and regret that our fears and forbodings were to some 
extent realized, as some of our fellow-citizens did, in some in- 
stances, engage in work on Sundays and others held their bus- 
iness meetings both on the 10th and 17th. It is, however, a 
source of great satisfaction to us, and also to a large body of 
our Christian and sober-minded people, that the arrangements 
of the Sesqui-Centennial celebration were conceived and 
carried out so successfully that few are disposed to criticise 
adversely, but all seem to approve. The extent of the cele- 
bration, and its great magnitude, with so little disorder and 
with so much good feeling, is a great cause of thankfulness ; 
and, we trust, the moral and material benefits will redound to 
the honor of our people and the good of our city. To you, sir, 
and the gentlemen associated with yo)i, is due the high credit 
for the successful beginning and ending of this grand under- 
taking. Much credit is due to you personally, we think, for 
your thoughtful suggestions to the clergy and all Christian 
people, that the occasion was one that should call forth ex- 
pressions of devout thanks and gratitude to God for what in 
His providence has been done for our city; and also to the 
committee for the decided stand they took against the use of 
wines, liquors and cigars at the expense of the city or the con- 
tributors. The moral effect has no doubt been of immense 
benefit." 

On ]\Ionday, therefore, the celebration was under a sort of 
independent programme, but it was continued with all the 
previous week's zest and fervor, by the same exhilarated 
pef'ple, and with the same success. 

Nearly all the decorations remained remarkably fresh, con- 
sidering the drenching they received on Sunday; the streets 
were thronged; a great many strangers came in by every train 



200 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

<iiid steamboat, and tJie freshness and gayety of the city 
charmed all coiners, as well as delighted those who are habit- 
uated to its ways and its public and private walks. The 
night afforded a particularly brilliant chapter in the history 
of the anniversary. In anticipation of a torchlight procession 
the population streamed forth to occupy eligible sites for see- 
ing along the route j)rescribed for marching. Various publico 
and private buildings, monuments, business houses, arches, 
etc., Avere more brilliantly illuminated than on any preceding 
occasion. From Eutaw street to the bridge, a mile in dis- 
tance, Baltimore street was kept as light as midday by elect- 
ric globes and gas jets flaming in every fashion. The streets 
tlironghout all this length were so packed with people that 
progress was impossible, even on the Belgian blocks, without 
ditficnlty. It is believed the street crowds everywhere were 
greater than on any other night during the anniver.sary cele- 
bration. 

The torchlight procession formed on the streets adjacent to 
the Fifth Regiment armoiy on IIoAvard street, and was a 
novel and picturesque display. The flaming torches, calcium 
liglits on wagons, gay trappings on horses, bands of music and 
uniformed men in line, all gave a beauty and harmony to the 
scene, and made the parade a novel and interesting one. The 
route from the armory was to Linden avenue, to Townsend 
street, to Madison avenue, to Eutaw street, to Baltimore street, 
to Calvert street, to Lexington street, to Holliday street, to 
Fayette street, to North street, to Baltimore street, to High 
street, to Pratt street, to Gist street, to Baltimore street, to 
South Broadway, to Baltimore street, to Calvert street, to Lex- 
ington sti'Pf^t, where it was dismissed. The procession, led oS 
by a detachment of police and two bands, was headed by the 
Fifth Maryland Regiment, the staff being mounted. The men 
wore fatigue uniform, black belts, and marched in a column 
of fours, the officers with side arms. The regiment formed in 
the armory and filed fi'om it, each member carrying a flaming 
torch, presenting a wild and striking appearance as they 
emerged from the building. The houses in the neighborhood 
were illuminated, and an immense crowd had gathered to 
witness the march. The regiment, though not in military 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 201 

display, stepped with precision and excited tlie most favora- 
ble comment tlirongliout the line. The men were in high 
spirits, as was evinced by the freqnent use of a number of 
rattles, trumpets and whistles carried by members of the dif- 
ferent companies. 

A striking featiu-e in the procession was an imitation Dahl- 
gren gun, eighteen feet long, bringing up the rear of the 
regiment's line. It was made of a hogshead, a tierce, a barrel 
and a long sheet-iron di'um, inserted one into the other, and 
covered with black canvas. The resemblance to a regulation 
gun was such as to deceive a casual observer. It was mounted 
on a platform twenty-four by ten feet, painted black, drawn 
by three horses driven tandem. The horses were blanketed 
in orange and black and heavily plumed, the middle one 
having a large American flag thrown over him. This piece 
of heavy ordnance was in charge of liieut. James S. Gorman 
and a detail of eleven men drawn from the regiment. From 
time to time along the route the gun was fired with cannon 
crackers ten and one-half inches long, two and one-half inches 
diameter, and excited great applause. The rammer was a pie 
plate on a broomstick, and the swab a military blanket simi- 
larly mounted. The gun was depressed or elevated as re- 
quired, and moved around on a circular base as if regularly 
mounted. A basin on each end of the platform burnt, at the 
City Hall and at other points, chemical powders of different 
colors with fine effect. 

The Grand Army of the Republic turned out strong and 
made a creditable display of numbers — Wilson Post, fom- 
hundred men; Dushane Post, one hundred men; Denison 
Post of "Woodberry, fifty men; and a detail of Cadets and 
Harry Howard Post, made, with the band and drum corps, 
about six hundred torches in the line. The Grand Army 
people all wore fatigue uniform, caps and badges, and each 
carried a flaming torch. No officer above post commander 
was allowed out in an official capacity, consequently all above 
that rank marched in the ranks Avith the distinction of "high 
private." Col. Eobert G. King commanded the Grand Army. 
The division moved from the rendezvous at the corner of Hol- 
liday and Second streets at 7:30 P. ^I., and marclied by way of 



202 MEMORIAIi VOLUJIE. 

South, AVator, Calvert, Pratt and Howard streets to the Fifth 
lie^iineut Armory, where they were joined by Denisoii Tost. 
All aloii^^ the line of march to the armory the sidewalks and 
part of the carriage-way were crowded with people. The 
(irand Army marched by fours, and their burning torches, in 
one long line, over a block long, stretched out like a train 
of lire. 

About thirty members of the Association of United Firemen 
were in line, carrying torches. The employes of Meyer tt 
Co.'s packing house, with torches, the Jai)auese junk of Martin 
(iillct & Co., burning oriental fireworks, and a mounted dele- 
gation from the Corn and Flour Exchange, bearing Chinese 
lanterns, added to the effect of the procession. It was re- 
viewed at the City Hall by the Mayor, assisted by Mr. J. H. 
B. Latrobe, Gen. Gibbons, U. S. A., Mr. F. P. Stevens, and 
others. 

The illuminations on this ^londay evening and on Tuesday 
evening also, were very brilliant. On both evenings the public 
squares were hung with thousands of Chinese lanterns, and 
when these were all lighted the effect was charming. Nearly 
every house in the city was more or less illuminated, and Bal- 
timore street, with its millions of gas jets and Chinese lan- 
terns, and its electric and calcium lights, was bright as day. 
Chemical lights were burned at divers points. The dome of 
the City Hall was a swelling hemisphere of stars, and the 
bands of light about the IJattle Monument offered a hapi)y 
conceit that was charmingly effective. There was a weird 
grandeur in the illumination of the "Washington MonunuMit, 
wliLch drew lingering throngs — the red flickering flames at 
the base threw the statue above and part of the shaft into 
very impressive shadow. The arch at Howard street, with 
its electric light ; the Shoe and Leather arch, with its beauti- 
ful gas jets; the splendid illuminations of the wholesale 
houses ; the dozen of electric lights along Newspaper Pow, and 
the genei-al lighting all along down town eastward, displayed 
the profuse decorations and adornments of the street, and 
shone down upon thousands upon thousands of spectators. 
There could not have been fewer than forty thousand i)ersons 
along this line from Townsend to Pratt streets, and in the 



MEJIOKIAL VOLUME. 203 

four squares radiating from South and Baltimore streets were 
packed Avith not less than eight to ten tliousand men, women 
and children. The cars and omnibuses were running all the 
while as best they could,* all crowded with sight-seers too 
timid to trust themselves on foot, but the progress made by 
them was slow and dangerous oftentimes. Way for them was 
with difficulty cleared by the police, and when two cars met 
in the street the rush and jam of people was something ter- 
rific. But just as soon as the cars succeeded in resuming 
their course, the space behind them would be filled up in a 
second, and a similar scene soon enacted again. And in this 
throng were numbers of old women and little children. Eight 
at the corner of Baltimore and South streets, in the centre of 
the crowd, stood a man with his wife clinging to him, and in 
his arms was a sleeping infant; opposite, in a doorway, were 
seated a woman with three little children huddled about her 
knees, all fast asleep, and this while the excitement was at its 
height. Ladies in parties of two or three were in the thick of 
the turmoil without escorts. In general, all was well-ordered 
and good-humored. There was pushing and crowding, and a 
great deal of it, and not all of it gentle; but the roughness 
was most all of it "horse-play," and not viciousncss. 

Not the least attractive feature of the festival week Avas 
the abundance of music of all sorts. Probably the circum- 
stance that tlie " Musical Union of Baltimore " demanded ex- 
orbitantly high prices for the bands under their control, was 
very fortunate in its results, as it compelled the committees 
in that connection to look for music elsewhere, and finally 
resulted in the securing of a great amount of musical talent 
and the discovery of a large number of bands throughout the 
State the existence of which would probably have otherwise 
not been suspected out of their own immediate localties. 
These bands furnished all the extra music needed for the 
different parades. The wealth of the State in orchestral 
resources was thus demonstrated in an unexpected volume, 
and it was shown that musical festivals could easily be got 
up with the proviso of sufficient time for preparation and 
adequate funds in hand in advance. The large (ierman ele- 

*Oii Moudii}' night ; on Tuesday uight tlic cars were withdrawn from tlic streets. 



204 JIEMORIAL VOLU^IK. 

ment in the population of Baltimore tlius once more verified 
the adage that "coelunt, non animum mutant qui trans mare 
cur runt." 

One of the first notices we have of public music in Balti- 
more is in 1782, Avhen the French army of Kochambeau. 
returning after the surrender of Yorktown, and the detach.- 
ment of the Due de Lauzun, which was stationed in Baltimore 
until after the end of the war, celebrated a grand high mass 
in commemoration of the crowning event of the war. On 
that occasion the French regimental bands took part in the 
solemn music, the officers and soldiers being in full uniforui, 
and the little St. Peter's church, corner of Sai"atoga and 
Charles streets, was filled to suffocation. 

In 177G, Barney celebrated the raising of the first Auierican 
flag in Baltimore by a sort of musical festival. Col. Scharf, 
in his interesting "Chronicles," says that this flag was the 
earliest Star-Spa ngled banner that had been seen in the State 
of Maryland. "Next morning, at sunrise, Barney had the envi- 
able honor of unfurling it to the music of drum and fife and 
the heart-stirring sounds of martial instruments, then a novel 
incident in the history of Baltimore." 

Goddard, the editor of the Maryland Journal, founded in 
1773 as the first newspaper in Baltimore, came near being 
mobb<>d, in consequence of his Tory affiliations, in July, 177f). 
In his letter, dated from Annapolis, and giving an accoimt of 
these disorderly proceedings, during which he was almost 
"tarred and feathered and rid in a cart," he notes the fact 
that " By these means your meuiorialist happily extricated 
himself fi-om their power, Avhile he observed, with anguish 
of soul, two of his less fortunate neighbors, whose sensibility 
of heart got the better of their prudence, di-agged {amid the 
din of insulting viitsic) in carts through the streets, Avith 
lialters about their necks," &c. 

In those times and until a much later period, the dancing 
assembly wa.s vei"y fashionable. It was exclusive in charac- 
ter, "high toned," and required a band of reed and string in- 
struments. Invitations were written or printed on the backs 
of playing cards, there was good singing and piano playing, 
and tlie best fiddlers in the community were put in active 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 205 

service, from early eveniii.i>: to next morning'.s daylight. 
These assemblies were held both at the leading hotels and 
the chief coffee houses, and the Clhronicles speak of "the 
singing- of praise and the growl of the bass-viol intermingling 
in curious discord." Our ancestors probably knew more about 
music than they receive credit for. The festival of the Mes- 
chianza, got up in Philadelphia during the Kevolutionary war, 
must have been one of the finest musical fetes upon the water 
of any period or anywhere. 

In 1789, Jlay 19th, the wife of General Washington passed 
through the city on her way to Xew York, where the seat of 
government then was. The citizens met her at Hammond's 
Ferry with many demonstrations of regard and enthusiasm, 
with fireworks and music. She was serenaded " by an excel- 
lent band of music, of an amateur character, conducted by 
gentlemen of the town." At the Masonic celebration, May 
16th, 1815, when all the population turned out, we read of the 
ceremonies of the day being prefaced by national airs " from 
a \^lunteer band of amateurs, under the leadership of Mr. 
Bunzie." The history of the song of the Star Spangled Banner 
is that of a national anthem composed under circumstances 
more directly those of the ardor of battle than that of any 
other song ever adopted by a nation as its own. It was com- 
posed by a prisoner of war, under fire and under the inspira- 
tion of the immediate peril of assault; it was written with a 
pencil stump on the back of an old letter, and it was printed 
and sung in public while the people were still shaking hands 
with one another in enthusiastic congratulations over tlie 
liappy sequel of the fight. It was at once recited on the stage 
and has ever since been ardently applauded in the hearts of 
the people. 

The dedication of the Old Masonic Hall, in May, 1815, of the 
Cathedral, of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and of Green- 
mount Cemetery, were all notable events in the early musical 
history of Baltimore. The whistling of "Poor Ole Moses," 
the lemon ice-cream vendor, was a municipal treasure ; the 
visit of Jenny I^ind a triumph of music and of manage- 
ment. The history of our leading musical associations, begin- 
ning with the Germania under Lenschow, at once anticipates 



206 MEMORIAL VOLL'JIE. 

and surpasses tlie stoiy of oi^anized vocal and instrumental 
excellence elsewhere all over tlie continent. These orchestral 
and vocal associations culminate in the Peabody Conserva- 
tory and the Oratorio Society, wliich are expected to train to 
concerted triumphs our great stores of individual skill and 
knowledge. The Haydn Musical Association, to illustrate by 
one the history of many of such societies, one of the earliest 
and ablest and most influential in Baltimore, has been in 
existence for over eighteen years. It started with a nucleus 
of but fom- members, rising to an efficient membership of 
more than sixty. It is composed almost exclusively of ama- 
teurs, with just enough of professionals to give it tone and 
balance, and embraces performers on all classes of musical 
instruments. Tliis association, composed of some of our very 
best citizens — business men— who only play for the love of 
music, has been giving a series of concerts as each winter 
season rolls aroimd, during the time above mentioned, and the 
largest halls that covUd possibly be secured in the city never 
failed to be crowded. The members have secured as assistants 
in that time the very best vocal and instrumental talent the 
country afforded ; all to cater to and foster the love of music 
among our people. "When such talent as that of Brignoli, 
Castle, Hermans, Kellogg, Thm-sby, Van Zandt, Levi, I.iberati, 
and a host of other shining musical lights that could be 
named is mentioned, the benefit of the association is readily 
seen. It may be justly said that the Kaydn, being the oldest 
musical association in practical existence in this city, and 
born when the musical taste was at a very low ebb, has done 
as much for the improvement and musical culture of our 
people as any other known agency — the Peabody Conserva- 
tory not excepted, for that is of but very modern birth. 
The late displays of music in this city, the Peabody con- 
certs, the Lehman's Hall Festival and the very satisfactory 
rendition of The Messiah by the Oratorio Society, afford evi- 
dence of a demonstrable sort that classical music, by scientifi- 
cally educated performers, is naturalized here, and \\\\\ not 
be expelled save upon very hard compulsion. 

An amusing and interesting controversy, a sort of "iiiusic;il 
duel," sprang up on Monday and Tuesday, llie last days of llie 



MEMOrJAL VOLUME. 207 

Sesqui-Centenuial, and certainly those in wliicli tlie general 
abandon of tlie wliole community was most complete. Musi- 
cal duels are not always funny affairs, since it is often tlie 
case that the incident of an hour to the ordinary business 
man is the whole romance of a musician's life. The persecu- 
tions and mortifications of Beetlioven are tragedy as deep- 
dyed as Othello's. The quarrels of Handel with I'orpora, 
Scarlatti, Hasse, Corelli, Cuzzoni, Senesino, Farinelli and Faus- 
tina, belong to the wars of the giants. But harmony comes 
itself out of discord in music — 

" By one pervading spirit 

Of tones and numbers all tilings are controlled, 
As sages tauglit where faith was found to merit 
Initiation in that mystery old — " 

and the musical contention of the newspaper offices of the 
Sun and the American, while it gave no end of amusement 
to the critics, certainly afforded substantial funds of enjoy- 
ment to thousands upon thousands of the people. Let those 
laugh who win. In this case both parties won, since both of 
the high contestants contributed substantially to the material 
of popular enjoyment. A great writer has said that "all is in 
each and each in all, so that the most barbarous stammering 
of the Hottentot indicates the secret of man, as clearly as the 
rudest zoophyte the perfection of organized being, or the first 
stop on the reed the harmonies of Heaven. But music, by 
the ready medium, the stimulus and the upbearing elasticity 
it offers for the inspirations of thought, alone seems to present 
a living form rather than a dead monuinent to the desires of 
Genius." 

Each of the newspaper offices mentioned employed a distin- 
guished band ; .each erected platforms for the accommodation 
of these bands and invited guests; each gave two afternoon 
and two evening orchestral concerts, which were attended by 
delighted nuiltitudes. The programmes of the two bands left 
nothing to be desired in the way of lioth popular and classical 
music ; the performances of both were applauded to the echo. 
Much criticism Avas elicited at the time, Avhich long since 
evaporated and with which anyhow the present chronicler 
has nothijig to do. His knowledge of the science of lianiMjiiy 



208 JIEMOPJAL VOLUME. 

may cover as mucli as is necessary to salvation. It ■would be 
egregious vanity, as well as ridiculous i^resumption, for liim 
to pretend to any more. 

Tlie great festival was -wound up on Tuesday niglit Avitli a 
general carnival. Officially no more was indicated for tMs 
period in the programme tLan tlie simple statement that 
there would be "a general grand illumination of the city in 
commemoration of the anniversaiy of the capture of York- 
town, (October 19th,) including the jiublic buildings, together 
with a final parade of the allegorical and other tableaux." 
Actually, there was a grand high carnival. The people felt a 
certain lassitude and recklessness from having been so long 
divorced from their regular occupations. They knew that 
next day they must go to work again and cease from the 
feast of beauty and the frolic of self-glorification. Indeed, it 
had been necessary for the newspapers to tell them, in some- 
what accentuated phrase, that they must got to work again to 
prevent their families from sufi'ering. Accordingly, knowing 
that on ^\'ednesday the community had determined, in naval 
parlance, to "shij) its quarter-deck face," they seem resolved 
"to make a night of it" on Tuesday, and, beyond a doubt, 
succeeded. 

The scenes at night were such as are seldom witnessed, 
even in the largest cities. Baltimore street, through its 
entire length, was one blaze of light. On telegraph poles and 
awnings adventurous individuals poised and peered; side- 
walks and pavements were blocked with men, women and 
children ; the balconies of business houses were crowded; the 
stands in front of newspaper offices bloomed like conserva- 
tories with ladies in radiant costumes, and high above all, the 
dome of the City Hall flashed like a beacon light with innu- 
merable gas jets. The crowd was a good-humored one from 
first to last. It shouted and yelled, it cheered and roared, but 
never overstepped the bounds of moderation, and when it left 
for home Avas evidently as full of spirit as when i( first 
entered into the fi-ay. 

What was to have been a gi-and citizens' pageant turned out 
to be a moth'v pnrado of all kinds of wagons, men on hoi-se- 
back, Ac, followed by a good-humored crowd, who seenu'd as 



MEMOIU.VL VOLUME. 209 

mercurial as if they were celebrating the Italian carnival. 
Some of those riding were dressed in fantastic costumes, and 
many in the wagons blew horns and otherwise exploded their 
entliusiasin. The streets through which it was advertised 
that the procession was to pass were literally packed with 
vehicles and with people massed along the sidewalks and in 
the streets. The wagons and carriages were thronged with 
persons who took that means of seeing the illuminations, but 
they did not seem to care about any organized procession. 
Mr. F. P. Stevens, the Grand Marshal, contrary to his own 
judgment, took control of this fantastic parade, in order, if 
possible, to confine it within rational proportions. He did 
not succeed in this finally, but by his presence was enabled 
to prevent much confusion and extravagance. The pageant 
was to have formed on Korth Paca street, and the streets 
crossing it east and west, but as only a few of those Avho were 
expected to take pai't in the procession had arrived at the 
hour of starting, the Grand Marshal moved what fragments 
there were out into Baltimore street, the right extending to 
Eutaw, and there waited a while for the historical feature to 
come along. Finally " the citizens' pageant " started off, and 
passing down Baltimore street wheeled into Korth street, to 
Lexington street, to Holliday street, and passed in review 
before the Mayor, Avho stood upon the grand stand at the 
City Hall. 

At Franklin and Paca and Eutaw streets, where it had 
been intended that a part of the procession should form, no 
regular organization could be effected. Hundreds of wagons, 
barouches, omnibuses, park phaetons and vehicles of all de- 
scriptions moved up and down the streets, seeking places in 
the procession, without regard to order. A part of them were 
placed in line on the west side of Eutaw street, towards Mul- 
berry street. The majority, however, fell in with the proces- 
sion or fell out, as they were best able to do. 

The most conspicuous and brilliant feature of the proces- 
sion was the historical display, I'epi-esenting the birtli and 
growth of Baltimore. The tableaux were the same as those 
used in the parade of IMonday, October 11th, but they looked 
so much better at night than in day time that they appeared 



210 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

to be (liffei-ent in many respects. Tlie division formed in the 
vicinity of the Fifth Regiment Armory, and headed by mar- 
slial Joseph Raiber and aids, marched down Garden street to 
Madison street, to Eutaw street and tlience to Baltimore street, 
■where they connected witli the rest of the procession. Fol- 
lowing inarshal Raiber were English lords and ]\raryland gen- 
tlemen of the Eighteenth centnry, costnmed in di-esses of that 
period, after whom came the tableaux. The Indian wigwam, 
sliowing tlie condition of the present city of Baltimore when 
in possession of the red men, was the first chapter in the 
illustrated history. Reclining near the tent were an Indian 
chief, his scjuaw and pap(K)se. The cliief was represented by 
F. II. Schroeter, the squaw by John Elilend, and papoose by 
Chas. Zimmerman. Then came the tableau of Capt. John 
Smith, George G. Deibel and his thirteen adventnrers, pad- 
dling their canoe np the I'atapsco, leading the way of civliza- 
tiou— tlie first white men seen by the Indians in this part 
of ]\hiry]and. The next chapter in the historj^ was an illu.s- 
tration of the fir.st log cabin, snrrounded by trappers and 
pioneers, A company of continental troops, nnder command 
of Sergeant-Major Vaughn, of the Fifth Regiment, was fol- 
lowed by the tableau of the soldiers camping at Valley Forge. 
There were four continental soldiers, ^lessrs. Fuller, Penning- 
ton, Kestlcr and O'Brien, members of the Fifth Regiment, 
in continental nniform, about the camp-fire, wliile in front 
of them were the Yankee Doodle trio, two drummers and 
a fifer, grandfather, father and son. The drnmmers were 
Conrad Van Daniker and John V. Clark, and the fifer, whose 
face showed a wound just received in battle, was represented 
by A. M. Bntts. This liad hardly passed when the modern 
soldiers, twenty members of the Fifth Maryland Regiment, 
in charge of Lient. James S. Gorman, marched by with the 
precision of veterans. The tableau of Religious Liberty, 
Avhich the sons of i\raryland were first to declare, rolled by 
in stately grandenr, but when the procession reached Eutaw 
and Baltimore streets the wagon on which the tableau was 
built broke down and was removed from the line. The old 
Baltimore court-house (miniature) was followed by grave and 
dignified pei-sonages representing judges of that day, clothed 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 211 

in -n-igs and Ions: flowing black gowns. Neptnne, jSIr. "\Vm. 
Holtman, accompanied by a mermaid, Miss Jolianna Gerken, 
rode in his gorgeous car with spouting dolpliins and otlier 
dwellers of the watery main, as they did on the first day's 
parade. They had a body-guard of sailors. Tlie miniature 
Battle Monument was surrounded not only by soldiers of 1814, 
but by members of the Liederkranz, wlio had intended to ride 
on horseback and sing along the route. Their liorses, how- 
ever, became afflicted with the epizootic, and the programme 
was somewhat clianged. The Liederkranz representatives, 
twelve in number, were dressed, six in the style of masters 
of music of tlie time of Walter von der Vogelweide and six of 
the time of Hans Sachs, the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, 
respectively. Columbia was imiiersonated by IMiss Helen 
"Winkel. The tableau of Baltimore, whicli broke down during 
the first day's procession, was in line on this occasion, and was 
one of the most striking tableaux represented. On a high 
elevation was INIiss Tillie Zinkand, portraying Baltimore's fair 
daugliter; in front was a statue of Americus, and on the side 
a farmer and fisherman. The Goddess of Liberty, Miss Emma 
Seng, and IMisses Amelia Klepper, Katie Schuppel, Johanna 
Luckmann, Ella Rhine and Rachel "Wise, acting as a body- 
guard for the goddess, brouglit up the rear. On the sides of 
this car were charactei-s representing selections from all the 
nationalities in the universe seeking a refuge in the land of 
the free. All along the route fireworks were sent off, adding 
brilliancy and weirdness to the picturesque scene. As the 
rockets shot through the air cheer after cheer came from tlie 
crowds and could be heard squares away. 

The procession in rear of tlie tableaux was composed of an 
odd commingling of wagons of all sizes and kinds. These 
vehicles had from one to six liorses each; were in most cases 
gayly decked, and all contained complete assortments of 
people bent on having a good time. There was no systematic 
arrangement ; express wagons, omnibuses, transfer wagons, 
buggies, barouches, doctors' gigs, furniture wagons, grocers' 
teams, family carriages, hacks and impromptu outfits of all 
kind fell into line, without a thought as to who or what pre- 
ceded or followed. Fine silks, satins and fashionable wrap- 



212 MEMOIU-U. YULLME. 

pings and hearltrear and numberless pretty and animated 
faces were seen in commonplace veliicles. It was a genuine 
"go-as-you-please" procession. Tlie more juvenile of the 
persons packed in these different and A-arious equipages blew 
horns, rang bells, i-attled sheet-iron, and added to the hubbub 
with their lungs as long as they were able. All were in high 
.spirits, and, with the bright lanterns, gay colors and trap- 
pings, presented a rare and unequaled .sicriit, not .«oon to be 
forgotten. The ladies in this i)art of the jirocession were not 
less in the humor of the occasion than the gentlemen, and 
were naturally more demonstrative. 

The doctore' carriages and express wagons, which were 
announced to move from Paca and Mulberry streets, did not 
make their appearance. The truth of the matter is that 
every kind of veliicle which could be brought out was utilized 
by the owners for the purpose of di'iving over the city to see 
the illuminations. Express wagons well covered with decora- 
tions carried large parties of ladies and gentlemen. Owing to 
the dense crowds progress was very slow, and it is astonishing 
that there were not a number of accidents. Every one was in 
a good humor, however, and no one got angry, even if the 
people in one wagon were thrown into confusion by another 
wagon behind running into it. The exjiress wagons and 
doctors' carriages fell into line wherever they could. One 
noticeable thing was the utter disregard of life and limb 
on the part of man, woman and child. Finding it impossible 
to move along tlii'ough the dense crowds, they would run 
between vehicles in order to make progress, and it required 
the utmost vigilance on the part of drivers to keep from 
tramiiling i)eople under the hoi"ses' hoofs. The police were 
])owerless to preserve anything like system, thougli they 
woi-ked hard and did the best they could under the circum- 
stances. A long string of wagons and carriages on Eutaw 
street, trying to fall into the line on Baltimore street, oidy 
moved the distance of one block in about one hour. 

All this was accompanied with a very general and a very 
effective illumination. Baltimore street, from Eutaw street 
eastward to tlie Jones' Falls bridge and beyond, was a .sea of 
dazzling light, wliich set off the gorgeous colorings of the 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 213 

decorations everywlierc, and gave tlie tliorouglifare a strik- 
ingly brilliant appearance. As early as six o'clock tlie illu- 
minating had commenced, and a half hour later the thorough- 
fare was already filled with people hurrying toward the 
centre of the city. Every street and avenue poured streams 
of human beings into Baltimore street, and in a short while it 
was blocked with pedestrians and vehicles. Every sort and 
condition of carriage and wagon was out with sight-seers. 
As a natiu-al consequence, the result of such a crush, the like 
of which certainly had never before been seen in this city, 
was almost a blockade. The driver of the vehicle that got 
thi-ough at all was lucky after the struggle of an horn- or tAVO. 
Very many gave up the effort, and got out of the way by tlie 
side streets. The pedestrians had a tedious time in making 
the tour of Baltimore street, and the crowds overflowed far 
beyond the sidewalks, and were mixed up indiscriminately 
with horses, street cars, carriages, express wagons, &c. A 
frightened horse occasionally would create a scramble, and 
at cross streets, where people and vehicles were trying to 
turn in and out as inclination led them, the commotion was 
sometimes dangerous. A number of ladies fainted and were 
carried into stores and dwellings, but happily no serious 
casualties occurred. The street was alive with people imtil 
midnight. 

The business places on Baltimore street that were conspicu- 
ous for features in the illumination were numerous. Among 
them were the Eutaw House, which made a brilliant display, 
with gas jets and an electric light. The building of the 
Patent Gas :\Iachine Company, at Xo. 349 West Baltimore 
street, liad a unique illumination. Daj^, Jones A Co., Xo. ;3;3(), 
and Phillips Bros, and Faust & Hohman, Xo. 333, had the 
fronts of their warehouses lighted with gas jets. Daniel 
Miller & Co., Xo. 329, illuminated the decorations upon their 
building with an electric light, and an electric light illumi- 
nated the arch of the dry goods trade, corner of Howard and 
Baltimore streets. Stevenson & Slingluff, Xo. 324, were lighted 
with gas jets and a calcium, and Frank & Adler, X'o. 314, made 
a neat display. The Avarehouse of Wm. Devries * Co., Xo. 312, 
was aglow with light. Prior & Hilgenberg, Xo. 313, Avere 



214 JIE.MOIMAL VUI.I'ME. 

litrlited by a calciuiu. Jolm A. IIorutT it Co., No. oOS, and 
Win. K. AVood it Co., No. :i'J(j, liad their wareliou.ses bedecked 
witli fjas jets. The beautiful arch of the Shoe and Leather 
Board of Trade was a centre of attraction. K. Lawson it Co., 
No. 277, showed gas jets in neat desi.trns. llutzler ]>ros., Xo. 
27:J, Cushing it Bailey, No. 2(!2, Tucker, Smith it Co., No. 200, 
Tucker it Co., No. 240, and Ilennigen it liates. No. 2-'J5, illumi- 
nated the fronts of their houses with hand.some and attractive 
designs in gas jets, in-ominently showing the names of the 
firms, trade mottoes, itc. Strouse it Bros., No. 244, had their 
house covered with lanterns. The hand.some iron-front Avare- 
houses of Armstrong, Cator & Co., Nos. 2"]7 and 230, and the 
Spiller building, adjoining, (Hui-st, Purnell it Co.,) were ablaze 
with light. Adams's shirt house, No. 234, and 11. G. Dun it Co., 
Baltimore and Charles streets, had attractive illuminations. 
The handsome new building of Towner, Landstreet it Co., 
northeast corner Charles and Baltimore streets, was shown off 
by an electric light. H. R. ISIcNally it Co., No. 222, J. Iklward 
Bird it Co., No. 2l;5, Likes, Berwanger & Co., Nos. 216 and 218, 
Martinez & Co., No. 214, Sadtler, No. 212, Lad their business 
fronts illuminated in unique designs of gas jets. The Adams 
Express building and the marble-front stores of Hamilton 
Easter & Co. were as brilliant in their illuminations as on 
previous evenings of the festival. Justis it Armiger, No. 19-"), 
and Ilartman & Sons, No. I!i7, made a bright display, tlie 
latter showing a representation of the Battle Monument. 
McKim it Co. and the Bank of Baltimore shoAved illuminated 
signs, the bank giving the date of its inauguration — 1795. 
The New York Clothing House, No. 184, AVm. H. Bead's, Bal- 
timore and Light streets, Charles E. Kej'worth, A. Sigmund, 
Guggenheimer it Weil, Edward Jenkins & Son, made hand- 
some displays, and the Carrollton Hotel was brought out 
prominently by the electric light. Rogers, Beet & Co., No. 
178, and (ieary it Weale, No. 100, were illuminated by gas jets. 
The statue of Washington on the front of Noah ■\\'alker it 
Co.'s building, with its elegant decorations, was lighted by a 
calcium from across the street. Samuel Kirk it Son, No. 172, 
and B. H. Hillman & Co., No. 1G6, were finely illuminated. 
The Gazette newspaper establishment, No. 142, and the demo- 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 215 

cratic lieadquarters, next cloor, had names and other designs 
prominently shown in gas jets. The headquarters had an 
illumiivated rooster as an apex. The livening News office 
was ilhiminated by gas jets and ehjctric lights. The Ger- 
man Correspondent newspaper building was brilliantly illu- 
minated. Cassidy's, No. 123, and E. Maull, No. 138, illumi- 
nated with gas jets. The attractive decorations on the fronts 
of the stores of George H. C. Neal were brought out con- 
spicuously by a brilliant illumination from gas jets. The 
German Bank was lighted with gas jets on Baltimore and 
Holliday streets, and the '• Pioneer Club " made a conspicuous 
illumination. S. Fleishman, No. 72, made a fine display ; also 
W. McGuire, No. 74, and R. Lyon. The Gunther building, on 
South Gay street, near Baltimore, the beautiful and elaborate 
decorations on which had attracted general attention, was 
lighted by a calcium. Habliston's pharmacy. Gay and Balti- 
more streets, and the stores in that vicinity, almost without 
exception, had neat interior and outside illuminations. Rosen- 
feld Bros., Baltimore street and Centre Market space, had 
their extensive building lighted with gas and hung with a 
myriad of lanterns. The Maryland Institiite was tastefully 
illuminated with gas jets, set off with appropriate designs. 
The ]\Ionumental Theatre Avas illuminated all over with gas 
lights in different colors. E. Eareckson, L. Newman, "W. Bnm- 
garner, Dr. F. Mathieu and many others had handsome illu- 
minations on East Baltimore street. The handsome arch at 
Broadway and Baltimore street was brilliant in light and 
colors. Through the length of Baltimore street, west of 
Eutaw street, and east as far as the business places extend, 
stores were nearly all illuminated, outside or inside, or both. 
Where gas jets were not used, lanterns were hung out ; some 
sections looked as if the city was celebrating a " feast of lan- 
terns." The dwelling houses had their chandeliers all alight 
and the houses thrown open to the view of passers-by. 

The Washington IMonument was brilliantly illuminated. 
The parapet at the top of the column was surrounded with 
gas jets and rows of jets around the pedestal at its base. Bra- 
ziers flaming with illuminating fluids were placed on the 
north and south sides, and strings of streaming flags, hung by 



216 MEMOUIAL VOLUME. 

conlH, extoiulcd from tlio top of the column to the eaven of 
Mount Vernon Church, the Feal)0(ly Institute and the private 
hounes on tlie ojjpo.site corners of Charles street. 

Loyola College had a beautiful arcli of jjas jets, -with 
various designs under it, which attracted much attention. 
The Merchants' Shot Tower, on Nortli Front street, was, from 
its great altitude, one of the most striking objects in the city. 
A large star of gas jets shone high over its top, and around 
tlie indented parapet of the tower were rows of lights. The 
cloc'k tower over No. 6 Engine House had its summit hung 
witli colored lanterns, and rows arranged at the different 
stories, presenting a very beautiful siglit. 

In Northeast Baltimore the ilhimination was not general, 
though many of the houses were profusely hung with Chinese 
lanterns on Broadway, Gay, Madison, Eden and Aisquith 
streets. Around the vicinity of IMadison and Gay streets, 
which was to have been tlie terminus of the route of tlie pro- 
cession, there were some very fine illuminations of gas jets 
by various persons. Madison Square and Broadway Squares 
were hung with lighted Chinese lanterns, and fireworks were 
sent up from Patterson Pai'k, where large numbers of peojjle 
had assembled. Fireworks wore set off and colored lights 
bm-ned along Broadway Squares. The Church Home liad the 
tower lighted up and large colored lanterns hung around tlie 
front porch. On South Broadway many of tlie private houses 
had colored lanterns liung out. Handsome gas illuminaticnis 
were in front of many stores below Eastern avenue, 'i'lie 
windows of Broadway Institute were illuminated. 

Along the route of the procession in Northwest Baltimore 
the illumination was general. ^lany of the stores and resi- 
dences had tiers of Chinese lanterns out, and numbers Avere 
susjiended froni the cornices. Awnings were lined with them 
in front and on sides. The arch of No. 7 Engine Plouse, cor- 
ner Druid Hill avenue and Eutaw street, was brightly illumi- 
nated, and as the procession passed under it a vai-iety of 
beautiful chejnical powders were burned. Lehmann's Hall 
and the Natatorium, on North Howard street, were made 
bright with lights inside and out, as were a large number of 
residences along that street. The Baltimore Female College, 



ME.MORIAL V0LU3IE. 217 

on a high hill at the comer of Park avenue and Wilson street, 
made a striking pictiu-e. The windows were all illuminated 
from within, and numerous Chinese lanterns of different pat- 
terns without, made the trees in the yard stand out in bold re- 
lief. Along Pennsylvania avenue the bright lights displayed 
from numerous buildings gave the street a gay look. The 
most striking display on this street was the Northwestern 
Station House. Its whole front was aglow with rich-colored 
lanterns. From the long flagstaff hanging out over the street 
rows of lanterns hung, and under the hood was a most beauti- 
ful and novel arrangement of lanterns in concentric circles. 
On Sharj) street an electric light, suspended aljove the cen- 
tre of the street, between two stores, brilliantly illuminated 
the magnificent warehouses on both sides of the street, show- 
ing the bright colors of the decorations which line and cross 
this thoroughfare north and south of the arch at its intersec- 
tion with German street. Another firm, on the northeast 
corner of these streets, added to the brilliancy by hundreds 
of gas jets arranged to form the name and business of the 
firm. Concordia Opera House, and a restaurant, on the 
opposite side of Eutaw street, were very prettily lighted up 
with Chinese lanterns, which served to illuminate tlie taste- 
fully arranged banners, flags, bunting and devices displayed 
on the fronts of these buildings. Germania Msennerchor Hall, 
on I^ombard street, hung lanterns and banners on the outer 
walls, and an electric burner at the intersection of Lombard 
and Light streets shed its mellow light upon some fine build- 
ings in that vicinity. The Maltby House, and the graceful 
arch spanning Pratt street from this hotel to the steam 
bakery opposite, had all the gas jets burning, and these, with 
a brilliant reflector light in position opposite, made this 
locality as bright as day. A prismatic star, Avith 3S0 jets of 
gas, erected by several leading firms at or near the corner of 
Eutaw and Pratt streets, was illuminated, and, as has been 
the case for more tlian a week, was universally admired. 
Numerous stores, business places and dwellings on Light, 
South, Charles, Hanover, Sharp, Howard, ^^'illiam and other 
streets in South Baltimore were lighted up with Chinese lan- 
terns. Engine Houses Nos. 2, 10 and 12 looked very pretty 



218 MEJrOIUAL VULUJIE. 

with their many colored lanterns strung from turret to foun- 
dation stone. The vicinity of Cross-street market was quite 
brilliant with every variety of illumination. Columbia ave- 
nue and South Paca street, and many other thoroughfares in 
Southwest Baltimore, joined in the general illumination. 

Lafayette Square, Harlem Square, Perkins Spring Square 
and Eutaw Place were all illuminated with fine effect, and a 
numl)er of houses in the vicinity of each square were al.so 
brilliantly lighted up. At Lafayette Square there was an 
illumination of all the flower beds by means of colored lan- 
terns forming the shape of the beds. Large lanterns set off 
the decorations of the four arches. The interior of the square 
was made brigiit with crystal illuminators of A-ariegated 
colors. ]\leteoric and cannonading balloons were sent off. A 
band of music added to tlie attractions at this square. The 
State Normal School was lighted up, and displayed a fine coat- 
of-arms of the State. Other houses thereabouts were also 
finely lighted, Chinese lanterns hanging over the front and 
from the cornice in profusion. All the arches in Harlem 
Square were brilliant with lanterns, and a band gave lively 
music throughout the evening. There was a large attendance. 
Perkins Spring Square also made a fine display. Fi-anklin 
and Union Squares were brilliantly lighted up, the bright 
lights showing off to good advantage the liandsome decora- 
tions. Franklhi Square was hung with a great profusion of 
Chinese lanterns, and the display could be seen for quite a 
distance. Fireworks, such as rockets, Ronuin candles, Cathe- 
rine's wheels, &('., were sent up from Federal Hill and River- 
side Park. 

Red Men's Iliill, on Xortli Paca street, was nicely illumi- 
nated with Chinese and .Japanese lanterns, giving a very fine 
effect to the tasty decorations at each place. All along 
Eutaw street, from P)altimore to Franklin, the business places 
were more or less illuminated, some of them with gas jets in 
fi'ont, and several of the private residences were well lighted 
up. On Franklin street, from Howard to Calvert, several 
private residences were conspicuous for tasty illuminations. 
Barnum's Hotel displayed a brilliant electric light. Odd- 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 



219 



Fellows' Hall, on Gay street, was nicely illiuninated. The 
Mansion House, ou Fayette street, was illuminatecl. 

The private residences in Monument street, from Calvert out 
to Eutaw, were one blaze of brilliant illuminations. In the 
western part of the city the illuminations were not general, 
most of the people having left their houses to look at the 
procession. Quite a number of houses were illuminated, 
however, principally with Chinese lanterns. In many squares 
the parlor windows of private dwellings were thrown open 
the gas turned on at full glare and softened by orange-colored 
paper, which was wrapped around the globes like shades. 
Wherever this was done the effect was pleasing. The Battle 
Monument attracted no small share of attention. Guy s Hotel 
made a fine display with colored glass globes on the gas 
burners in front of the building, forming an arch The 
Young Glen's Christian Association building, on Isorth Charles 
street, was lit up with gas jets, candles and Chinese lanterns 
The I^Iadasgras procession reached Broadway before 10 
o'clock, though its numbers had by that time greatly dimin- 
ished, and passed up the east side to McElderry street where 
it oountermarched to Orleans street and proceeded to the ter- 
minus of the route. The tableaux arrived at Broadway about 
10-15 o'clock, in excellent order, making a fine shoAV, and 
passed down South Broadway to the Institute, where it coun- 
termarched and continued over the route as had been ai- 

'""Tlf grand stand in front of the City Hall was thronged 
with people, who sat in the cool air for about two hours wait- 
ing for the procession to come, and they were very ^^^^^fj^^^' 
appointed when the small pageant, headed by the Grand Mar- 
slll passed by. After a wait of about a half hour, however 
Sifwllh several persons left the stand, the historical 
display arrived, and made a very creditable appearance, bring- 
in. forth repeated applause from the spectators on the stand 
as well as the large crowds upon the streets. And with this 
and the slow, reluctant, but entirely orderly -ithdiuwa^ c^^^^ 
the medley throng of vehicles in motley b"* ^^ill de e t 
array, the memorable Sesqui-Centennial celebration of Balti- 
more gradually melted out of sight. 



CHAPTER NINTH. 

Incident!!*, A<-<>i«Ioii<s. »eh1 P1isiso«« or the Popular Teniper- 
aiac'iit, diiriii;; the Meek of Festival. 

IT would bo both false and presninptuous to assume, as some 
have tried to do, that Baltimore was particularly favored 
during the epochal week of its celebration with unusually 
<4-()od and unnaturally bright weather. There is still evidence, 
liowever, and of a sort worth producing, even though only as 
a curiosity, that the weather and the public health were both 
remarkably good ; that the police authorities almost dreaded 
a complete suspension of their jurisdiction, and that the 
supersedure of functionarydoin in and around the City Hall 
was so general as to be alarming. 'We have alreadj' presented 
examples of the large quantity of extra work demanded of 
the ornamental parts of the City Government. Let us now 
show what the useful iiart did, outside of its fine perform- 
ances in the ornamental line. And first, let us give the 
special report of the Health Department : 



Meteorological Obseuvations taken at the Signal Office, Balti.moue, 
DuuiNG the Week ending Satuuday, Octobeu 10, 1880. 



Month and Day 
1880. 


Barometer. 


Thermometer. 


October. 


7 A. M. 


3P. M 


9 P. M. 


Mean 
Daily 
Value. 




C! 


S 1 Mean 
2 Daily 
C5 j Value. 


s a 

v. a 


Suuday. 10 

Monilav, 11 

Tiics.laV. 12 

W<ancsaay, 13 . . 
Thur.silay. 14. . . . 

Friday, 15 

Saturday, 10 


30.341 
30.310 
30.123 
30.373 
30.330 
30.071 
29.917 


30.384 
30 319 
30.029 
30.302 
30 200 
29.971 
29.791 


30.286 
30 193 
30.306 
30.314 
30.125 
29.980 
29.797 


30.3Q9 
30.230 
30.141 
30.320 
30 198 
30.000 
29.825 


53 
55 
00 
50 
45 
55 
62 


71 
76 
79 
63 
63 
72 
79 


62 
06 
02 
55 
56 
64 
73 


62.0 
65.7 
65.7 
.55.5 
55.0 
63.7 
71.2 


73 51 

77.54 
80 58 
64 49 
64 44 
73.53 
81 .59 


Means 


1 




30.146 


.. 1 .. 1 .. 1 62.7 





MEMORIAL VOLUME. 



221 



Meteorological Observations taken at the Signal Office, Baltimore, 

DURING THE WeEK ENDING SATURDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1880. 



Relative 

Humidity. 


Directions of Wind. 


Vel. of Wind. 


State of Weather. 


Rain. 


g 1 g 


^ 


1 


S '^^ 


^ 






'< ! ^ 


PlI 


7 A.M. 


3 P.M. 9 P.M. 


< 


^ 


Ph 


7 A.M. 


3 P.M. 


9 P.M. 


In. 


£- [ « 


CJ 








« 


05 










80 


58 


77 


N.E. 


S. E. 1 Calm 


5 


4 





Clear 


Clear 


Clear 


.00 


87 


60 


79 


Calm 


S. E. , S. E 





5 


1 


Clear 


Clear 


Clear 


no 


88 


47 


51 


Calm 


N.W. 


N.W. 





8 


5 


Cloudy 


Fair 


Clear 




58 


27 


45 


N.W. 


N. 


N. 


5 


8 


4 


Clear 


Clear 


Clear 


no 


61 


4a 


63 


N. 


S.E. 


S.E. 


8 


4 


4 


Clear 


Clear 


Clear 


.00 


74 


58 


78 


Calm 


S. E. 


S E. 





3 


1 


Cloudy 


Fair 


Clear 


.00 


88 


58 


67 


S. E. 1 S 


S. 


4 


15 


9 


Cloudy 


Cloudy 


Fair 


.00 




1 1 II 1 








Total . 


*.— 



* Too small to measure. 
The eurface of Ihe mercury in the cistern of Barometer is 45.19 feet above the mean level ol 
the sea. 
Barometer corrected for temperature, elevation above ?ea, and iDBtrnmental error. 

Sesqui-Centennial of Baltimore. 'Wt^ekly return of deaths 
and interments. Baltimore Board of Health. James A. Steuart, 
M. D., Commissioner of Health and Registrar; A. R. Carter, 
Secretaiy. 

For tub Week ending Saturday Evening, October 16, 1880. 



CAUSES of DE.\Tn. 



Asthenia 

Cancer, Breast 

" Bowels 

" Uterus 

" Stomach 

ChildBirth 

Congestion of Lungs 

Consumption of Lungs 

Convulsions. . 

Croup 

Dentition 

Diphtheria 

Disease of Heart 

Dropsy, (Gen'l) 

" Scarlatinal 

Epithelioma of the Axilla — 
Fever, Malarial 

" Typhus 

" Scarlet 

" Typhoid 

Gastro Intestinal Catarrh 

Hemorrhage, Umbilical 

Inanition 



n 


S 








a 


<J 


S 




3 


























23 


4 




li 




3 




4 




11 


4 




1 






1 


1 






2 




1 




8 


3 


1 




1 




1 




3 



causes of DE.\Tn. 



luflaraniation of Bowels 

" Pericardium 

" Peritoneum. 

Defective Nutrition 

Marasmus 

Meningitis, Tubercular 

" Cerebro Spinal . . 

Nervous Prostration 

Old Age 

Paralysis 

Pneumonia 

Premature Birth . 

Phthisis Laryngeal 

Placentia Pravia 

Scrofula 

Suicide 

Tetanus 

Unknown Infantile 

Whooping Cough 

Wounds, by Cars 

Totals 



222 



MEMOltlAL VOLUME. 



The Deaths Registered in the Week Include 



Under 1 year 

Between 1 and 2 years. 
3 and 5 " " . 



Total under 5 years.. 
Between 5 and 10 years. , 
" 10 and 15 " . 
" 15 and 20 " . , 
" 20 and 30 " . 



Between 30 and 40 years 

" 40 and 50 " 


8 

7 


" 50 and 00 " 


4 


" (iO and 70 " 


^9. 


" 70 anil SO " 

" PO and 90 " 


5 
4 


" 00 and 100 " 




100 and 110 " 




Above 1 10 years 





Males, 62. 



Females, 65. 



Boys, 35. 



Girls, 38. 



Deaths ts Each "Wakd. 



First . . . 
Second . 
Third... 
Fourth . 
Fifth..., 
Sixth... 
Seventli. 
Eighth.. 
Ninth... 
Tenth.. . 



Eleventh 

Twelfth 

Tliirtcenth... 
Fourtfrntli.. 
FiftetnUi . . . 
Si.xtPcnth... 
Scventienth. 
Eighteenth.. 
Nineteenth.. 
Twentieth . . 



Nativity, Etc. 


United States (White) 






. . 1 85 






.. 1 T^ 


City Jail 






" Hospitals 

Tnniipst C.nss.0R 


3 








..27 


4 








Premature Birth 

Still-born 


1 

14 


Males 
Males 


Females 1 1 Total 

9 Females 5 | Total 


.. 1 

..14 



Compakative Weekly Mortality. 



Population estimated to the middle of the year 
1880 303,790 

White, 838,384; Colored, 55,413. 


1)00 
CO ^ 


00 

in 00 

2" 


J 


to 

□ 
•5 

^§ 
1 


Total dcatlis registered (exclusive of still-born) 

Annual death rate per thousand during the week 
was 16.75. 


118 


108 


137 


137 



It will be observed, in connection with the above table, 
which is in effect the regiihir weekly ri^jioit upon the vital 
statistics of Baltimore, that tlie doatli rate for the Centennial 
week (127), while a little above the weekly average of four 



JiEjroRiAL vor-r.-NiE 223 

years (122.5), was below those figures actually when the pre- 
sumptive increase of population is allowed for. The average 
annual death rate per 1,000 for the Centennial week is shown 
to be 10.75 — for the year it was 20.41 — a difference of 18.8 per 
cent, in favor of the Centennial week, whether we treat the 
actual population of the city as being that returned by the 
census bureau — 332,190 — or that estimated by the local Health 
Department, upon the basis of data derived from independent 
and less accessible sources — 393,790. 

"The benevolent and ingenious Dr. Benjamin Rush," of 
Philadelphia — so his biographer calls him, and so indeed he 
is entitled to be called — in one of the leading and most curious 
papers included in his Medical Inquiries and Observations, 
(a work in four stout volumes,) attempted to present an ac- 
count of the Influence of the Ililitary and Political Events 
of the American Revolution iipoii the Human Body. Cor- 
visart, we are told, in his work on the Lesions and Diseases of 
the Heart, tried to show tlie singular increase of such affec- 
tions in connection witli the terrible excitement of the French 
devolution. It is unfortunate that Dr. Rush, in his general 
idea of making popular the discussion of abstruse subjects, 
sliould have neglected to furnish the facts essential to con- 
firm his very original and highly probable theories — to give, 
in other words, the statistical tables upon which alone such 
assumptions are entitled to stand. Dr. Rush was anyhow a 
sanguine man, of active fancy and temperament and ardent 
sympathies. Cobbett, in the squib called the Mush-ligJd, 
which he published after the good doctor had mulcted him 
$5000 and damages in a libel suit, probably bled Rush more 
severely than he had ever bled any of his patients — thougli 
any snch assertion is of course venturesome, not to say peril- 
ous, where historical precision is demanded. This, however, 
is all by the way. The learned doctor, in the paper already 
named, proceeded in a regular and methodical fashion to 
state that " there were several circumstances peculiar to the 
American Revolution, which should be mentioned previously 
to an account of the influence of the events which accom- 
panied it upon the human body." For example, as he pointed 
out, the Revolution interested every inhabitant of tlie country, 



224 MEMORIAL VOIAME. 

of both sexes, and of every rank and age tliat was capable of 
reflection. "An indifferent or neutral spectator of tlie contro- 
versy Avas scarcely to be found in any of tlie States." Both 
war and the experience of self-i,'-overnuient were entirely novel 
to the peojile. A jrreat and peculiarly momentous importance 
was attached to the strug^^le by the people, who conceived 
that upon its issue depended the very existence of freedom 
upon the globe. The people and the men of property and 
substance in tlie country were also the soldiers — they served 
without prospect or desire of pay, for the most part, and 
clearly understanding what they risked. These general prem- 
ises being stated. Dr. Rush went on to enumerate the effects 
of the state of affairs upon the military and then afterwards 
upon the liome population. lie showed how the patriotism 
and intelligence of the soldiers enabled them to overcome the 
nostalgia, or home-sickness, which is often the most fatal 
disease to which troops — especially new levies — can be sub- 
ject. He added that "many persons of infirm and delicate 
habits were restored to perfect health by the change of place 
or occupation to which the war exposed them. This was tlie 
case in a more especial manner Avith hysterical women, who 
were much interested in the successful issue of the contest. 
The same effects of a civil Avar upon the hysteria were ob- 
served by Dr. Cullen in Scotland, in the years 1745 and 174G. 
An uncommon cheerfulness prevailed everywhere among the 
friends of the Revolution. Defeats and even the loss of rela- 
tions and iiroperty were soon forgotten in the great objects of 
the war. The 'poindation of the United States was more 
rapid from births during the war than it had ever been in, 
the same mimber of years since the settlemeid of the country. 
I am disposed," continues Dr. Rush, "to ascribe this increase 
of births chiefly to the fpiantity and extensive circulation of 
money and to the facility of procuring the means of subsist- 
ence during the war, whicli favored marriages among the 
laboring part of the people. But 1 have sufficient documents 
to prove that marriages were more fruitful than in former 
years, and that a considerable number of unfruitful marriages 
became fruitful during the war." 



MEMOUIAL VOLUME. 225 

There is no chance to ascertain the validity of Pr. Rush's 
processes of reasoning in this matter, since he has not seen fit 
to give to the world the figures upon the basis of which he 
argued. The courtesy and painstaking care, however, of Mr. 
A. E. Carter, Secretary of the Caltiniore Health Department, 
have enabled the present writer to give some curious figures 
in connection with the Sesqui-Centennial epoch. It is proper 
to call that period an epoch, since, like the Revolution, while 
it lasted, it occupied the minds and thoughts of the people 
almost to the exclusion of lesser objects. It took nearly the 
whole population of the city out-doors, and kept them there, 
together with their eighty thousand guests, the greater part 
of the time for ten or twelve days, and the police reports 
show that there was very little of cither drunkenness or dis- 
order. No other preface seems necessary to the following 
tables, beyond the simple reminder of the fact that the best 
medical authorities consent to agree that the average period 
of ordinary human gestation is forty Aveeks, or two hundred 
and eighty days. "When we remember the difference between 
lunar and calendar months, we will find the knowledge of 
this rule to be as old anyhow as Ovid's Fasti, in which it 

is said : 

" Luna novum deck's implerat coruibus orbem, 
Qiiaj fuerat viigo crcdita, luater erat." 



1880. 




1881. 


BIUTIIS 


REPORTED. 




BIRTHS REPORTED. 


October 2d.. 




240 


June 4th 181 


9th. 




IS? 


" 11th 122 


" 1 fith 




141 
159 


" isth 123 


" 23d.. 




" 25th 140 


" 30th. 




1 50 




Total.. 




877 


Total 56G 


STTLL-BIRTHS REPORTED. 


STILL-BIRTHS REPORTED. 


October 2d.. 




14 


June 4th 12 


" 9th. 




9 
14 
11 


" 11th 15 


" 16th 


" 18th 12 


" 23d .. 


" 25th 10 


" 30th. 




5 




Total.. 




53 


Total 49 



226 MEMORIAL VOLUJIE. 

It will not fail to be noticed by tliose who are curious in 
looking into such matters that while the total of birtlis 
reijorted for the thirty-five days from the week ending Octo- 
ber 2d to that ending October 3Uth was 930, an average of 2G.5 
per diem, that for the corresponding fortieth week period of 
the present year Avas only "21.9 per diem. If we compare the 
actual weeks of festival with the weeks in natural order two 
hundred and eighty days after them, the results are still more 
striking in the discrepancies suggested. From October 2d to 
October lUth, 1880, the aggregate of births was 005. From 
June -1th to June 18th, 1881, the aggregate of births was only 
4(jy. The explanation of this neat little conundrum the 
present writer would prefer to leave to others. " Davris 
sum, non CEdipus." 

When the success of the Festival had been insured beyond 
any doubt, two well-earned badges were presented by some 
leading citizens to Mr. Francis Putnam Stevens, Chairman of 
the ^lunicipal Fxecutive Committee, and Col. J. Thomas 
Scharf, the Secretary of that committee, (and who in fact Avas 
also appointed by the ^layor a member of the committee iji 
a very complimentary letter.) The medals were presented at 
the City Hall, on Monday morning, October 11th, just previous 
to the march of the first day's procession. The badges, to 
quote from a contemporary description, combine the symbolic 
features of the INIaryland arms and the city seal. On a centre 
piece of blue enamel is laid a frosted silver representation of 
the Battle Monument, with the date of the incorporation of 
the city, the whole surmounted by the coronet and bannerets 
of the State seal; the coronet studded Avith diamonds. The 
centre piece is flanked with representations of the fislierman 
and the farmer of the State seal. On each side of the monu- 
ment are the figures, in gold, "1730-1880." The motto of the 
State and the words " Sesqui-Centennial Municipal Executive 
Committee," in black enamel, are on ornamental scroll work. 
On the back is engraved the words " Presented by citizeas of 
Baltimore." The jewels are heavy gold, and are attached to 
black velvet badges, bordered with gold bullion, altogether 
forming a rich and costly souvenir. The presentation was 



MEJIORI.VL VOfA'ME. 



227 



accompanied by a letter to Me.sr.. Stevens and Scliarf, as 

follows : 

Balttmoue, October lltli, ISSO. 

De^r Sirs— The undersigned, citizens of Baltimore, wisli- 
in- to express our appreciation of your very valuable services 
as"chainnan and Secretary of tlie Municipal Executive Com- 
mittee havin^^ in cliar-e the celebration of tlie One Hundred 
and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Founding of the City of I5al- 
timore, present herewith a small token of our regard, which 
we ask you to receive, with the assurance of the sincere 
respect and regard of your friends and fellow-citizens of 
Baltimore. 



Ferdinand C. Latrobe, 
John T. jNIorris, 
Alex. Brown & Sons, 
I'vobert Garrett & Sons, 
A. Vogeler & Co., 
"Wilson, Burns & Co., 
Johnson, Sutton & Co., 
Wm. Wilkens & Co., 
Daniel Miller & Co., 
William E. Hooper & Sons, 
Henry C. Smith, 
Robert Moore & Co., 
James S. Gary & Son, 



Baltimore United Oil Company, 
Noah Walker & Co., 
E. I'ratt & Bro., 
John Duer & Sons, 
E. L. Parker & Co., 
James R. Herbert, 
G. W. Gail & Ax, 
Johnston Brothers & Co., 
A. Schumacher & Co., 
Hamilton Easter & Sons, 
Wiesenfeld & Co., 
Sickel, Hellen & Co., 
William Kiiabe & Co., 



dailies o. v_>ciij vv ., — , „ , .,, T (> /-<„ 

AVoodward, Baldwin & Xorris, T. J. Magruder & Co., 



C. Sidney Norris & Co., 
Hurst, Purnell & Co., 
Hodges Bros., 
Wm. Devries & Co., 
Armstrong, Cator & Co., 
William H. Brown & Bro., 
McDowell & Co., 
John Turnbull, Jr., & Co., 
Edward Jenkins & Sons 



Campbell W. Pinkney,. 
Henry ]McShane & Co., 
Wm. H. Crawford & Co., 
Thomas C. Basshor & Co., 
John H. B. Latrobe, 
Robert Gilmor, 
John T. Ford, 
Henry James & Co., 
Wilson, Colston & Co., 



Poole & Hunt, and others. 

The presentations were made by Mr. A. H. Greenfield, 
President of the Second Branch City Council, who spoke as 
follows : 



228 MEMOISIAL VOLUME. 

"Gfati.emen 

" Jii till' absence of His Ilimor Mayor Latrobe, the pleasant 
tliity has been assigned nie of presentiiifj to you those niaijnifi- 
cent tcstinioiiials, which in tlieniselves are of jrreat vahie and 
rare beauty. They only represent in a slight degree, liowever, 
the high appreciation of your fellow-citizens for your noble 
and laborious efforts, and the inestimable services you have 
rendered in bringing to a successful issue the appropriate cel- 
ebration of our tSesqui-Centennial, upon which we are now 
about to entei'. 

" 1 have been requested by the leading and well-known citi- 
zens whose names are signed to this testimonial, to present to 
you tliese medals or badges, to be worn during the coming 
days of rejoicing, and then to be kept as cherished souvenirs. 
I hope, gentlemen, they will always remind you of this great 
occasion and of the esteem in which you are held by your 
fellow-citizens of this Monumental City, and of their recogni- 
tion of your untiring labor and assiduous attention in the 
work you have so well accomplished, to render this celebra- 
tion a grand and imposing success." 

The recipients responded appropriately. 



Tlie work done by the police on this occasion was undoubt- 
edly liglitened 1)y the happy temper of the people, yet it was 
still herculean in the regard of doubled duties and quadi-upled 
responsibilities. The force, however, liad the compensation 
to know, throughout, that its efficient services were as com- 
pletely recognized by our own citizens as its splendid phy- 
sique and solid drill were wondered at while admired by visi- 
tors and strangers. The documents whicli follow speak for 
themselves, and consequently do not demand any comment. 

Baltimork, October 2L'd, 1880. 

John T. Gray, Esq., Marsltal. 

Sir : — Tlie undersigned, merchants and business men, desire 
to expi-ess to you and to the officers and men composing the 
police force, their appreciation of the manner with which the 



MEMORIAL A-OLl'ME. 229 

laborious duties atteudiug tlie late Sesqui-Centennial celebra- 
tiou Avere performed. 

Tlie appearance of tjie force on parade was a gratifying 
exhibition of tliorougli discipline and drill, while the efficient 
and courteous discharge of duty on our crowded streets, both 
by day and at night, reflects credit upon your organization 
and upon our city, which it gives us j^leasure to acknowledge. 

Very truly yours, 
R. G.arrett & Sons, Alex. Brown & Sons, 

Woodward, Baldwin & Norris, Robert T. Baldwin, 
Henry James & Co., Hurst, Purnell & Co., 

Robert A. Fisher & Co., Armstrong, Cator & Co., 

Gill & Fisher, Tucker, Smitli & Co., 

Thomiison & Ranson, W. H. Dixon & Bro., 

Barry & HoogewerfF, Hodges Brothers, 

E. Levering & Co., C. Morton Stewart & Co., 

W. P. Harvey & Co., W. T. Walters & Co., 

]\Iartin Gillett & Co., T. Robert Jenkins & Sons, 

D. J. Foley, Bros. & Co., Charles A. Gambrill & Co., 

George Small, Robert Turner, Jr., & Son, 

G. E. Bowdoin, I. M. Parr * Son, 

Robert Tyson & Co., Baer & Brocher, 

William R. Howard, Wylie, Smith & Co., 

Milmine, Bachman & Co., James Knox & Co., 

Meixsel & Co., Tate, Muller & Co., 

Geo. P. Williar & Son, E. D. Bigelow & Co., 

R. C. Hays, Shriver Brothers, 

J. I. Middleton & Co., A. Seemuller & Sons. 

Office Board of Pomce Commissioners, 

Baltimore, October 25th, 1880. 
J. T. Gray, Esq., Marslial. 

Sir: — The Board of Police Commissioners desire to convey 
to you, and through you, to the force under your control, their 
higli appreciation of the services of officers and men during 
the entire period of tlie late festivities. Those services, at 
once arduous and exacting in a peculiar degree, and by their 
nature demanding from each man not only the utmost vigi- 



230 MK.MiiKIAI. VOLUME. 

lance and the in-oinptest dt'cisioii, but also, a coiistaiit display 
of tact and judgment, were, tliroughout, rendered in such a 
way as to win the unaninious applause of our citizens, com- 
mand the encomiums no less than the surjjrise of strangers 
and guests, and earn our deep and cordial commendation. 

It is claimed and believed that the records of the police 
force of Baltimore during the festival and race weeks have no 
precedent in i)olice aimals. The entire city was fluttering 
with decorations and inflammables of every sort, and ablaze 
with illuminations, yet there were no considerable fires. The 
entire population, augmented till nearly double in numbere 
by a vast influx of strangers from eveiy part, was idle, and 
given up to festivities and pleasure-seeking. A series of 
spectacles filled the streets constantly with vast concourses 
of people, sometimes i)acking the thoroughfares continuotisly 
for miles together, all eager, excited, enthusiastic. Xiglit as 
well as day these throngs were passing, and even meal-times 
did not always find the people at home; yet, notwithstanding 
all these departures from the ordinary routine of citj' life, 
there was no disorder, no confusion, no accidents, no assaults, 
no robberies, no house-breaking nor pilfering, not an untoward 
incident of any kind, and the records show that there were 
fewer than the average of arrests for drunkenness and kin- 
dred disorders.* The efficacy of the thorough discipline and 
drill which you have maintained, and of the carefully 
matured police ari-angements executed by you under our 
direction, could not receive a higher testimonial than the.se 
facts present. 

The white page of the police records during these exciting 
days will not be the least memorable of the renuirkable 
things to be chronicled in connection with the history of 
the celebration of Ikiltimore's one hundred and fiftieth anni- 
versary. 

The good sense, the instinctive courtesy, the easy temper 
and patriotic loyalty of all our citizens naturally co-tiperated 
with the endeavors of the i)olice throughout; but these high 
civic qualities would not have availed long unaided by the 



*Tlic absolute nuiulK-r of oricsts, for tbc ki'Ci)ing of the i)eace, w,-js rather above 
the daily average. 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 231 

skill and effectiveness of the police force, guided like a 
machine by the Marshal and his Deputy, in giving tlieni 
direction and free play. 

The parade of the force as i^art of the procession on the 
1.3th instant afforded evidence, if any were needed, that tlie 
men under your command could act as well in mass as each 
officer has shown himself capable of acting in his individual 
capacity and on his particular round of duty. A more solid 
and soldierly column than the force then presented has 
seldom been seen upon our streets. 

Such a great and unusual concourse of people lirought 
together during so many days, and so widely and liberally 
advertised throughout the country, could not fail to cause a 
large influx of thieves and pickpockets, but these found 
themselves frustrated in advance by the wise precautions and 
watchful energy of Chief Detective Crone and his efficient 
staff; and it is believed that no such crowds were ever 
gathered, under any circumstances, with so few robberies. 

The Commissioners take sincere pleasure in recounting 
these evidences of high merit and disciplined efficiency, and 
direct you to communicate their commendations and approval 
to the force. 

Very respectfully. 

The Commissioners of Police, 

Wm. H. B. Fusselbaugh, 

President 

One of the hardest tasks of the Municixial Executive Com- 
mittee and their clerks, (Messrs. Thomas G. Ridgely, Joseph 
Neilson and George A. Bennett,) and one they discharged with 
satisfaction, was that of sending out invitations. It was neces- 
sary to neglect no one who should be invited, lest offence 
should be the result. It was equally necessary to avoid put- 
ting the city at the heavy charge of providing subsistence for 
a multitude. The committee received much valuable aid and 
many indispensable suggestions from outside persons, and as 
a consequence, its work in this respect, as in others, was well 
done. In fact, as soon as the various committees got fairly to 



232 MEMOltlAL VOLUME. 

work and the public interest in the success and vohune of the 
festival was fairly aroused, theie was no lack of suggestions 
poured in upon them and upon tlie press. On the contrary, 
they received many more propositions even than they could 
consider and digest, to say nothing of acting upon them. The 
minds of the community seemed to be brought back forcibly 
and actively to the past, old landiuarks were remembered, old 
lieir-looms hunted up and brought to light, and every one 
seemed more or less proudly conscious that he, as well as the 
city, had an ancestiy. The original plat of Baltiniore town in 
IT.iO was hunted up, the lines of the original survey were 
traced and staked off so that every one might know them for 
himself, and the plat itself, a.s drawn by Philip Jone?*, county 
surveyor in 1730, was engraved and distributed for public use. 

Old chairs, old .spinning-wheels, old china, crockery, plate 
and garments were brought out of dusty garrets and mouldy 
cellars, to be put on exhibition in store windows or elsewhere, 
so that they might be seen and appreciated. It is admitted 
that the people of Baltimore, while instinctively observant of 
the duties imposed by the fifth commandnu^nt at all times, 
never thought so much of their grandfathers and their grand- 
mothers as during this .Sesqui-C'enteunial period. For once 
old fashions had become the fashion. 

(Jreat invention and generally much taste were displayed 
in tlie contrivance of innumerable cards, handbills, circulars 
and otlier Sesqui-Centennial devices for advertising in the 
processions and connection with them. Millions of these 
clever things were scattered about in every direction. A com- 
plete and exhaustive collection of them will be worth as 
much in A. D. lO-W as a set of the original plates of Hogarth. 

It is amusing to look back upon the new forces which the 
unanimity, co-operation and good taste of the i)eople of Balti- 
more in this interval of enthusiasm and sincerity in self- 
appreciation seemed to give us, not only in our own conceit, 
but in the opinion also of our neighbors. We appeared sud- 
denly to be invested with new qualities which we had never 
clainuMl nor they ever given us credit for, and with common 
consent, while we shook hands with one another ami felt 
ourselves some inches taller, they set to work to pat us oix 



MEMOIUAL VOLIME. 233 

the back and tell lis what ijootl fellows they discoverecl us to 
be. Of the many graceful or gracious coniplinients tlieu paid 
us, the text of some is worth preserving. The New York 
Herald of Tuesday, October 12th, said: "Yesterday our 
fellow-citizens of Baltimore had a festival in honor of the 
one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of their 
city. The event was celebrated with heartiness and enthu- 
siasm. As cities go, even in America, Baltimore is young — 
the youngest of the group on the Atlantic seaboard. New 
York is more than a century older ; Boston ciuite a century ; 
Charleston and Philadelphia fifty years. Even Richmond 
and Norfolk have seen many more years, while Annapolis 
had all the maturity of municipal dignity when Baltimore 

was an open field The prosperity of Baltimore seems 

to be assured and growing. There is no such a rush as we 
have seen in Chicago and San Francisco. But there is a 
steady, sound, wholesome advance in Baltimorean prosperity 
which reminds us of what we see in England, and gives the 
city a dignity and gravity of its own. We congratulate our 
fellow-citizens upon the share of good things which has fallen 
to their lot, and they have om* heartiest wishes for a splendid 
imperial destiny." 

From other courteous words of the sort, those which follow 
have been selected : 

Boston Herald : "Although we may not be willing to con- 
cede that the people of Baltimore have as much as we have 
to be grateful for, in looking back over the growth of their 
city, we think it will be admitted that they throw more heart 
into the celebration of their one hundred and fiftieth anniver- 
sary than we did into our natal festival last month. The Bal- 
timoreans have that gift of expressing tlieir feelings that we 
do not possess. Fancy the look of dismay that would come 
over the face of an oi-dinary Bostonian if he were told that a 
civic celebration was to last for a week, and that during that 
time all customary occupations must be subordinated to the 
general rejoicing. Yet this is what is to be done in Balti- 
more, and from Monday morning until Saturday night tlie 
city and the citizens will be given over to demonstrations 
in honor of the founders of Baltimore and their numerous 



234 MEMOKIAL VOLLJIE 

successors. This lightness of spirit, if it may be so termed, 
seems to be due to climatic and hereditary causes. The fond- 
ness for public display is alwaj's more strongly marked iu 
southern than in northern people; and added to tliis is the 
fact that the Baltimoreans are a peculiarly mixed people. 
We have here a combination of the stern and unenthusiastic 
Anglo-.Saxon and the somewhat melancholy Celtic races. In 
Baltimore tlie English strain is of a lighter and more imjjul- 
sive type, and there has also been a happy mingling of French, 
German, Scotch, Spanish, Irish and even Portuguese blood. 
The consequence is that the inhabitants of the city at the 
present day are a livelier, easier-going people than Ave are ; 
and if they don't look as closely after the dollar as vre do, and 
pay less attention to the paving of their streets and the teach- 
ing of all of their <?hihlren in astronomy and chemistry, the 
average of human contentment and enjoyment is ])r()hal>ly 
liigher there than it is here. The address delivered yesterday 
by Mr. J. Thomas Scharf showed that in spite of these easy- 
going traits of character, the Baltimoreans have been a 
shrewd, clear-headed people, whose success has been due to a 
willingness to avail themselves of their opportunities. In the 
public spirit of lier citizens Baltimore has reason to be proud. 
They have always been forward in deeds of patriotism and of 
public charity, and it is fair to assume that the long line tliat 
ended with Johns Hopkins will not want for successors. At 
the same time it is worthy of notice that in I^ltimore, as el.se- 
where, those in this country who have given large fortunes to 
endow unsectarian charitable and educational institutions are, 
with rare exceptions, of direct Anglo-Saxon descent." 

New York Sun: "Baltimore furnishes the lunisnal examjile 
of a leading city of one of our original American colonies, 
founded a century after the planting of the colony itself. 
Time lias wrought changes enough in customs and manners 
and material progress to allow Baltimore a ])ictures(iue oddity 
in her display of illustrative pageants, antique relics and his- 
toric tableaux, to tell the story of a hundred and fifty yeai"s. 
As the dates of bygone ei^ochs cannot well be changed to suit 
modern conveniences, Baltimore is forced to celelmite her one 
hundred and fiftieth anniversary at a time wlien the attention 



MEMOIUAI. VOLUME. 235 

of the rest of tlie country is very largely engrossed with cur- 
rent politics. That, however, does not prevent tlie local com- 
memoration from being enthusiastic and successful." 

"Washington Post : " It is fitting that a city which, in the 
space of a hundred and fifty years, has grown to be what Bal- 
timore is, should celebrate her Sesqui-Centennial as gmndly 
as Baltimore is doing this week. In its infinite details and in 
its general result and effect this celebration is more than was 
predicted and all that the most ardent enthusiast could have 
expected. It is an event, or ratlier a brilliant succession cf 
events, that will be remembered until all who witnessed it 
shall have passed away. It has cost a vast expenditure of 
time and money. Correct judgment and good taste have been 
signally displayed. Baltimore may well be proud of the suc- 
cess achieved. The practical man is apt to incpure on occa- 
sions of this sort, ' What good does it do ? M'hat is the use of 
all this outlay of capital? What compensation is there for 
time and money thus appropriated?' "We are inclined to 
believe that in the long run this will be found a paying in- 
vestment in the strictest utilitarian sense. A large amount of 
money will be left in Baltimore by hundreds of thousands of 
visitors. Most of this would have been expended elsewhere 
for the attractions presented by this festal season. And then 
we are not to forget that it is a splendid advertising device. 
The whole country is reading and thinking of Baltimore, and 
she will be much better known to the American people after 
this than she has ever before been. As an educator, such a 
parade as that of IMonday is of inestimable value. We are 
making progress at so rapid a rate that we fail to appreciate 
our marvelous growth. Take the Baltimore and Ohio Rail- 
road as an illustration. Middle-aged men of to-day were 
among the first to ride on the short line that has growni to be 
one of our great routes of travel and transportation. Half a 
century ago the emigrant who left Baltimore for Indiana or 
Illinois parted from his friends as if there was no liope' of 
seeing theni again in this life. It was a far greater journey at 
that time to go to Pittsburg than it is now to visit Oregon. 
It is necessary, by such object-teaching as that of Monday's 
procession, to show the young what has been done since their 



236 JIEMOKIAL VOLUME. 

parents were cliildreii ; liow time autl space have been anni- 
hilated, and the whole civilized world made one common 
neig-liborhood. It is equal to years of study to get such a 
view of the proi^a-ess of Baltimore and the country at large, as 
shown in that parade. Baltimore is well advanced on the 
high road to greatness. Her commercial standing and facili- 
ties are excelled by but two or three cities in the Union. Her 
railways and lines of ocean steamers are great factors in her 
prosperity. Her educational, benevolent and charitable insti- 
tutions rank with any of the continent. She has been singu- 
larly fortunate in having been munificently remembered by 
her wealthy sons." 

Cincinnati Commercial: "The city of Baltimore, Monday, 
celebrated its one hundred and fiftieth birthday anniversary. 
It was a general holiday in the city, with such decoration of 
houses and streets, with such parading and orating and pyro- 
techning as became a wealthy city on so auspicious an occa- 
sion. The site chosen for Baltimore, at the head of naviga- 
tion on tlie bay of Chesapeake, with its splendid basin for the 
slapping of the world, and with superior facilities for trans- 
portation to the interior, determined the question of rapid 
transportation in her favor; and yet, though much is due to 
natural advantages, more is to be ascribed to the enterjirise, 
the energy and the far-sightedness of the men who laid the 
foundation of the city's prosi>erity. When it became apparent 
to Baltimore that if she was to command any portion of the 
great trade developing in the ]\Iississippi Valley — if she was 
to compete at all with New York and Philadelphia on the 
north and the gulf cities on the south, she must carve for her- 
self a liighway through the Alleghanies, she took hold of it 
resolutely, and, with a courage and persistence that woji the 
admiration of the world, ceased not her labor until her iron 
horses, more worthy of fame than the bronze steeds of Venice, 
drank water from the Ohio river at Wheeling. The comple- 
tion of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad assured the commer- 
cial position of Baltimore for all time to come." 

Philadelphia Press: "Baltimore began the celebration of 
its one hundred and fiftieth anniversary with great eclat. 
There was a grand procession, in which every trade and nearly 



SIEMORIAL VorA-MB. 237 

everybody in the city participated, and Avliicii was doubtless a 
striking illustration of tlie present proportions and prosperity 
of the city founded a century and a half ago as an asylum 
for the persecuted Roman Catholics, but which was tolerant 
of all faiths. Later on there was an oration, in which the 
future of the Maryland metropolis was painted in brilliant 
colors, and the day when its people fondly believe they will 
grasp the trade of the whole continent, dimly foreshadowed. 
Baltimore is not ' a mean city ' by many degrees, and it is well 
that she encourages the pride of her people." 

Newark (N. J.) Advertiser : " Every good citizen of the 
republic will heartily rejoice over Baltimore's prosperity. It 
should be the brightest and best, if not the most populous 
and Avealthiest city in the Union. It is beautiful in situation, 
temperate in climate, the metropolis of a State that is a 
Garden of Eden in fruitfulness. Baltimore is southern in its 
aspect, but northern in its energies, and is one of the most 
purely American cities in the Union. There are very few of 
the tenement houses that disgrace Xew York, and labor is 
fairly rewarded. Aside from the railroads, very few strikes 
are ever heard of there, although the manufactures are numer- 
ous. The city is too far from the sea to command an exten- 
sive foreign commerce, but it lias developed great energies, 
and has made rapid progress in that direction. Baltimore 
has splendid railroads reaching out to the far West and to the 
South, and it possesses still the only completed monument to 
Washington in the entire country. In its public buildings, 
squares, parks and general architecture, as well as in its 
hotels, charities and private hospitalities, Baltimore is a 
queen among cities, and the words of welcome that will flow 
towards it on this occasion will not be limited by geograph- 
ical lines or by political divisions. We send it a sesqui- 
multitude of congratulations." 

Frederick (Md.) Examiner: "This week is devoted to the 
celebration of the Sesqui-Centennial of the founding of the 
Monumental City. Its citizens are furnishing, day by day, 
processions, comprising its religious, military, beneficial and 
social organizations, which, with historical representations, 



238 MKMOKIAL VOl.r.ME 

are .setting forth the clianj^'os they have respectively witnessed 
during the years that have come and t!;one since Baltimore 
Town began its career of honor, wealth and renown. The 
pageantry lias drawn tens of thousands to the city to witness 
and participate in the celebration, and to rejoice that such 
wonderful prosperity has been the lot of the chief city of 
^Marj-land. In all this, every citizen of the State feels like 
tendering his congratulations to his bretliren in Baltimore." 

Chestertown (Md.j Transcript: "Baltimore has probably 
never before in her history had at one time so many people 
within her limits. It is to be hoped that the activity and 
enterprise displayed in getting up this big celebration will 
cling to Baltimore after the celebration is over, and that she 
will shoot ahead and become, as she ought to be, the first 
commercial city in the country. As a commercial city she is 
now second only to New York, and she has commercial facil- 
ities equal, if not superior, to those of New York." 

New York Herald : " Baltimore's enthusiasm over her 
Sesqui-Centennial celebration is worthy of imitation. For 
four days there have been all sorts of processions and festivi- 
ties, and the end is not yet. If an equal degree of patriotic 
fervor existed throughout the country neither political i>arty 
could do much harm." 

" The All-embracing Procession " was the theme of a sermon 
preached by llev. W. T. Brantly in the Seventh Baptist Church, 
on Sunday, October 17th, from the text, "The fashion of this 
world passcth away." He spoke of the various processions 
which had passed through the streets of Baltimore during the 
week, illustrating so forcibly the progress nuvde in one hun- 
dred and fifty years in every branch of the mechanic arts, 
commercial enterprise, and the organization and advancement 
of social, benevolent and religious societies, as well as the 
military, police and fire departments, all supplanting those of 
former days, which had passed away, like the shifting scenes 
of a drama, and all in demonstration of the fact that the 
fashion of this world passeth away. Baltimore, he said, is a 
great city, and as such she was very properly esteemed by her 



MK.MO!{lAr. Vi)LU>[E. 239 

citizens, and now more than ever by the work!. But cities as 
great liad flourished and decayed, until now no trace could be 
found. Babylon and her rival, Nineveh, were of the past, and 
Jerusalem, where David prayed and sang, where Solomon 
reigned in all his glory, and whose magnificent temple was 
the Avonder of the world, was now an insignificant city. The 
liistory of these were but impressive illustrations of his text. 
The lessons, he said, taught by all these were that his hearers 
should not inordinately love the fashions of this world, on 
account of its evanescent character; even if permanent, the 
things of this world could not satisfy the desires of the soul. 
In conclusion he urged his hearers to be prepared to join that 
all-embracing jirocession which is wending its way to that 
ever-abiding city that hath foundations whose builder and 
maker is God. 

A Te Deum was sung in all the Catholic churches of Balti- 
more on the same Sabbath, as requested by the Archbishop in 
the circular read in the churches the preceding Sunday. A 
song of praise and thanksgiving for so many years of pros- 
perity was not an inappropriate feature in the celebration of 
the one hundred and fiftieth year of the city. The services 
began at 7:30 p. jr. with solemn vespers, and closed with the 
benediction of the blessed sacrament, during which the Te 
Deum Laudamus was sung. In the majority of the churches 
the Te Deum was sung by the choir alone, but in the German 
Catholic churches the congregation joined in the song of 
praise, the melody of so many voices of men, women and 
children pealing among the groined arches with a grand and 
solemn eflfect. The Archbishop was present at the Cathedral. 
The music was rendered by the ordinary choir and the Grego- 
rian choir also, and AA'as worthy of tlie occasion. The soprano 
solo, Laudate Domino, was one of the finest features. At tlie 
Immaculate Conception Church a violoncello accompaniment 
added its attractions. In nearly all the Catholic churches tlie 
Te Deum was sung at the benediction between the O! Salu- 
taris and the Tantuni Ergo. The congregations at all the 
churches were large. 



240 MKMUUIAL VOLL.ME 

It will Ije uiiflorstood, of cnurso, tliiit tliis detail of iicwspaiJer 
and also tlieological conKi"^tulatioii, lias Leen selectod by the 
editor, as was the case witli inmiiaerable other matters, he 
will not say liap-hazard, for that would be to confess himself 
guilty of neglitrence, but certainly without the consciousness 
of discrimination, out of such a body of material as it was 
impossible to winnow effectively, and on the principle uf 
" first come fii'st served." 

A few figures, in eveiy case within the mark, may be useful 
to remember in connection with this great celebration. The 
population of Baltimore, as ascertained by the census of 1S80, 
was 332,190. The number of visitors to the city, so far as 
they could be ascertained by the returns made by the different 
railroad, steamboat and other routes, between October 11th 
and October lf)th, inclusive, was 328,000. The population of 
the city, when we allow for shortness in the returns, was thus 
more than doubled in the course of the week, but probably 
never during any particular twenty-four hours in the week. 
The largest munl)er of visitors on any particular day, so far 
as the obvious record reveals it,Avas on Tuesday, October 12th. 

It is useless to go into any calculation, in money, of the 
profits and losses of the venture, since there is no "common 
denominator," so to speak, by Avhich ]ieople will divide, in 
order to equalize and appreciate their conclusions. Probably 
the whole thing might be summed up in the shortest way in 
the words of a well-known dry-goods dealer, of excellent 
experience, who said : " It has already done vast good, Ix^cause 
it lias awakened the people of Baltimore to a ]iroper realiza- 
tion of the importance of their own city." Of course, this is 
veiy well said; but it still remains to be established whether 
tlie people of Baltimore have not already gone to sleep again, 
or are not liable to do so in the near future, the Sesqui- 
Centennial Celebration to the contrary notwithstanding. 

The entire official receipts and expenditures on account of 
the festival, as summarized from the report made by the 
E.xecutive Committee in their final report to the Mayor on 
January 12th, LSSl, Avas ; 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 241 

Collected $20,(iSn 85 

Expended 1!),.!2(; 37 

Balance in liand 1 ,357 48 

Balance nncollected 200 00 



It may be possible, in a brief appendix, to t^ive these figures 
more in detail, from official returns. 



CHAPTER TENTH. 

Tlio Iii«liistrio<> anil olii4>r Ke!<oiirct'«i oT Raliiiiioro— a Itet- 
rospoi-l. tvilh M»iiie CilinipNeM oT llie Fiiliirc. 

IT is not expectoil nor retiuired of a volinne like the present 
one, mainly retrospect and in the nature of a chronicle, 
that it should exhibit with any degree of exact detail all the 
excellencies, much less all tlie promises, of such a great and 
growing city as Baltimore. Its industries, its resources, no 
less than its institutions and its immense funds of active or 
endowed cliarities and benevolences, would demand a sepa- 
rate and a very large volume to present them descriptively. 
It i.s still permissible to sketch, in a brief and, ko to speak, 
skeletonized form, some leading circumstances of the city's 
re.-^ources, with considerations upon their apparent bearings 
as respect"? tlie future. Obviously it is more easy to take up 
and treat such large subjects in a large and general way than 
to minimize them for observation under the microscope. 
Neither time nor space, however, are at the present editor's 
command to accomplish so broad a design or to perfect so 
minute an execution. He still hopes to give many new facts, 
to offer some valuable suggestions, and to point out the way, 
to those who may follow his footsteps in this province, to do 
serviceable work for the benefit of a generous community. 

When we speak of "the resources" of a city, it is apparent 
that a very broad term is used, and more than that, a very 
indefinite one. It may mean nothing in particular; it may 
mean everything in general; but probably the consciencious 
compiler will have sufficient intelligence to shape out a 
notion of his own and enough knowledge and sense of duty to 
present that notion in definite and illustmtive forms. In the 
report made to ilayor T>atrobe from the committee on this 
memorial volume, it was suggested that "the committee pro- 
pose then to include in the history of the celebration a brief 

(2«) 



MEMORIAL TOLIIME. 243 

sketch of the history of Baltimore, with an account of its 
municipal government, its comnaerce, (foreign and domestic,) 
its manufactures, its industries of every descrii^tion, its insti- 
tutions — educational, scientific and ai'tistic,— in fine, without 
going more into detail, to present, along with the events of 
the celebration, a picture of the past and present of the city, 
as a memorial of an epoch in its existence." 

In the little antecedent sketch* of the city's history, the 
facts and conclusions embodied in the orations given subse- 
quently, have been, as far as could be done, held back from 
repetition. The city's government and "institutions," whether 
of municipal or individual origin, will be touched upon in the 
chapter succeeding the present one. In the chapter now in 
hand an attempt will be made to give some illustration of our 
"resources." As has been said, the word is indefinite. It 
may mean present wealth or command of temporary expe- 
dients; it may mean not simply the natural and stored-up 
wealth derived from present control of productive activities, 
but also what an energetic people have proved themselves 
capable of eliciting from application of accumulated capital 
to the steadfast development of great natural facilities. 

Take an instance or two : Ninety years ago, Baltimore, with 
a good and Avide-extended foreign trade, happened, also, in 
consequence of its position on the Chesapeake Bay, to be the 
nearest commercial trading point for the millers on the Gen- 
esee, the pioneei's on the Ohio and the pioneers in Kentucky, 
Tennessee and North Carolina. Here was a case in which, if 
the country wished to develop its own resources in the 
cheapest and readiest manner, it was satisfied it could do so 
by developing incidentally the resources of Baltimore at the 
same time. A great turnpike road system was inaugurated, 
in which the United States did their part and the State of 
Maryland certainly did its part. If, by any accident, it should 
become a proper measure of national policy for the Federal 
Government to help to cheapen the rates of transportation of 
grain to Europe, it might become expedient to shorten and 
cheapen the route from Chicago to Liverpool via Baltimore, 
or that from St. I^ouis to Liverpool via New Orleans, or, per- 

* Chapter First. 



244 MEMORIAL VOI.UMK. 

hanf^, ))()tli of tliem. In the fonnor rase Concress would, as 
we think it sliould, ^ive Haltiniore and the twenty-five States 
back of it the Chesapeake and Delaware Ship Canal. In the 
other ease Conj^ress wouhl iinj)rove the levees and the passes 
of the ^Mississippi and i)roniote the construction of a Florida 
Ship Canal. These are cases where rontintrent advantatres to 
the special i)ii])lic become constructive liabilities of the gen- 
eral government. They are not always actual resources, but 
always contingent and possible ones. 

It was an actual resource of lialtimore, one hundred years 
ago, tliat Jones' Falls was where it is. It was another, per- 
haps, that the original growth of the city proceeded out of 
the transference to its docks and snug harbor, of the land- 
transport demands of the West concurrently with the acquired 
.sea-faring habits of the schooner-building i)eople "down the 
bay." 

It is not the plan of this book to introduce any "far- 
fetched " notions into it. Its object is to preserve and chron- 
icle only indigenous, " seasoned " and well-cured ideas. "Were 
it not for such restrictions it could perhaps be shown that our 
existing "Corn Fxchange," the liveliest and most active of all 
and any of the commercial organizations of Baltimore, found 
its original in the old so-called "exchange" on Plowman 
street, and that the latter mart, as it came into existence with 
all its original imjjerfections on its head, was no more at one 
time than a meeting between Franklin and Howard streets, 
Baltimore street and Gay street teamsters, and the shipping 
clerks, buyers and agents of the old Fell's Point ocean trans- 
port firms, who bought everything that was salable ; had a 
market for pretty much all that was producible; bargained 
like merchants of Hamburg, and lived like lords of England. 
In the beginning of this war of the movers of other people's 
products, the old ship-owners, who had those fine old man- 
sions on Exeter, High, Front, Frederick, Gay, Philpot, Thames, 
Block, Gough, Fell, Aliceanna, Lancaster, "Wilkes, Eden, Shak- 
speare, Spring, Gough and some other streets which could be 
named, " ruled the roast," because they had the best part of 
the bargain. Commerce paid more than land transportation ; 
the wagoner was worthy of his hire, to be sure, but still he 



HIEMOHIAL VOLUME. 



245 



broufrlit moro tliaii the ships could carry away, and had to 
wait tlie ship-master's pleasure.* The historic facts con- 
nected with the relations between and the antagonisms of the 
owners of the mansions east of and adjacent to the falls and 
the merchants who have since become prominent west of 
them, has not yet been written. It cannot be written here, 
although it seems to involve much of the secret of the change 
in Baltimore's commerce from that of a city of production 
and direct trade into that of a city possessing a substantial 
foreign commerce, in conjunction with extraordinary means 
of cheap transportation to the seaboard, of the products of the 
means of " the interior," more or less remote. 

■This history, however, should have no place here, since this 
volume deals only with admitted and generally known facts, 
and necessarily has no room or place for controversy. Let us 
proceed therefore to the indisputable. 

' In a letter addressed to the Municipal Commission on Man- . 
ufactures in 1877, Professor W. G. Sumner, of Yale College, 
said : " Your city of Baltimore has a reason for existing. It 
was not built because somebody arbitrarily decided that he 
would bring together a mass of people at that spot rather 
than some other ten miles away. It grew up because the 
population of a large district had certain wants which could 
only be satisfied by commerce. They, therefore, sought a con- 
venient seaport, and they built the city where nature offered 
the greatest conveniences for the port. In the process of time 
you have come to be a port for an immense territory behind 
you, and you have come into competition with all the other 
Atlantic ports. Each one has its advantages and its disad- 
vantages, and in this competition all that you can do legiti- 
mately is to develop your advantages, and counteract your 
disadvantages. In the first place, therefore, you need to 
examine these natural conditions as carefully as possible, and 
to see to it that the means you employ are truly adjusted to 
your circumstances. I think that you will need to be careful, 
fm-thermore, that the measui-es you take, even if legitimate in 

*Thi8 fact ought not to be Itft out of the account by any one who wishes to 
treat Baltimore's " natural advantages." Trade comes here still, as it always has 
come from the first, much more rapidly than it can be provided for. 



246 MEMORIAL VDlAMi:, 

form, are ccoiioiiiically sound. 1 irinemljer that Ilezeliiah 
Niles, who used to publish his Register in your city, was a 
fanatical advocate of 'public improvements,' and that he 
advocated a great many i)rojects and methods which were 
economically unsound. I believe that there is one test with- 
out which no project should be entertained at all, and that is : 
Will it pay? This is to be applied to all projects for rail- 
roads, canals, docks, etc., etc. If they will pay, private capi- 
tal will not let public corporations take them in hand. If 
they will not pay, i)ublic corporations ought not to undertake 
them, for, if they do, they will find that they have only fur- 
nished the capital and taken the risk while private indi- 
viduals reap all the gains of construction and management. 
If we examine tlie history of any of our worst governed cities, 
we shall find that there have been loud boasts of enterprise 
and public spirit, grand ideals of what a city ought to be, but 
the execution of the works proposed has been in the hands of 
selfish and interested parties, and all the public spirit has 
borne the character of a cloak for selfish schemes. If, then, 
we can remove the obstacles to development which have been 
created by ignorance, error or neglect, and can create such 
conditions of prosperity as are general in their character, 
without extravagance, the city will simply grow up to the 
best it is capable of, and with that we shall have to be con- 
tent. I suppose no one would believe it wise to build an arti- 
ficial port, like Liverpool, on our Atlantic coast in competition 
with the grand natural harbors. It cannot be any wiser to 
exi^eud capital in other improvements in order to draw popu- 
lation and business out of the easiest and most profitable 
situations. It is only bringing capital into competition with 
nature, wliich is sure to be disastrous to capital. All schemes 
of this kind which I have studied, have seemed to me to come 
imder these types : 1 . Tliey try to get out of the field more 
hay than the grass there is in it. 2. They are like paying a 
man §1.25 to make a transaction with you, out of which your 
profit is $1.00. 3. They lay a burden on the community to 
create circumstances out of which a few make a gain. It 
ought never to be forgotten in discussions of this kind, that 
each city's prosi)erity is boimd up with that of the whole 



MEiMOHlAL VOLUME. 247 

country. The great grain trade of the United States is one of 
the few great commercial movements which restrictive legis- 
lation lias left us. Competition is concentrated upon it to 
sucli a degree as to destroy the profit of it, both for the trans- 
portation interest and the commercial interest. I suppose 
that this is the reason why the commercial or seaport towns 
are turning so much attention to manufactures. I could not 
write on this subject at all without expressing my opinion 
that all tliis is short-sighted to the last degree. We make up 
our minds that we want just one kind of gain and want to get 
it in just one way. We strangle all our natural resources of 
abundance down to two or three whose circumstances defy 
our restraints. We concentrate mercantile competition on 
these until they are unremimerative. Then we try to find 
some other means of employing our time and labor, and only 
entangle ourselves niore and more in arbitrary restrictions 
and piddling contrivances. This is pure charlatanism, and it 
is no wonder that it comes out in childish confidence in legis- 
lation and quack schemes of currency. Let us stop and take 
a fresh look at the case. Is not tliis continent able to support 
fifty millions of people in abundance ? Does it not produce 
for little labor some of the chief objects of desire for man- 
kind? Can we not, therefore, see right before us means of 
employing our labor to produce goods for which mankind 
will give us in abundance all the good things which the earth 
produces? Will not the production, transportation and ex- 
cliange of these goods employ at liigh remuneration double 
tiie population wliich we now have? Will not the division 
and organization of labor go on as it is called for, and as it 
becomes profitable ? Is there any need of all this scheming 
and planning to find out how to use what we need only pick 
ujD and use ? If the patient has been bled and dosed and tor- 
mented by quacks of every school, it seems plain enough that 
the only hope is to let him alone and the recuperative force 
of nature will give him back as much health and life as he 
could well have. For any commercial city the interest at 
stake in freeing commerce is plain and direct." 

All this comes straight home to us. Baltimore is a natural 
seaport, the natural centre of an ever-widening field of inter- 



248 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

mil transportation, tlie focus of a tributary district which 
ought to yield increasing products and large sources of 
wealth, at least in proportion as the country grows. Xatur.il 
advantages, quality and texture of poi)ulations derived fi-oni 
these and from the political discriminations touched njion 
above, splendid interior lines of transportation, giving us 
Napoleonic resources in the battle of rival city with city — 
instinctive commeice, in a word, fed by instinctively-attracted 
inland trade, and i-upplemented by good government and such 
manufactures as the genius of the site fosters — this is the 
summary of Baltimore's material resources. The exhibits of 
the trade reports, the census tables and of all our statistical 
expositions, confirm, interpret and develop this view of the 
case. All tend to show that that "splendid imperial destiny" 
which the New York Herald wished for Baltimore is the 
city's to grasp if the people will only rise to the full height 
of its superb advantages. 

Let us look into these advantages and these resources a 
little more in detail. In the report of the Commission on 
Manufactures, which has been quoted from above, it was 
established upon evidence the present writer knows to be 
sufiicient, that the average iirice of the best steamer and man- 
ufacturing coal is lower in Baltimore than in any other Atlan- 
tic seaboard city. It was shown that the costs of living for a 
wage-earning iiopulation was cheaper also tlian in any of our 
large cities; that water, for manufacturing and all other pur- 
poses, is cheaper than elsewliere, and that this city possesses 
or has access to, in unstinted volume and at the minimmn of 
cheapness, a major proportion of the leading raw material 
entering into manufactures. Iron and its flux, limestone; 
brick clay, fire-brick clay, kaolin, potter's clay, black oak 
bark for tanning, hard woods, coopers' stuffs, superior grains 
for all the varieties of highest priced breadstuffs, indigenous 
tobacco — all these were comprehended in the list, and, as the 
writer added, with more significance than he then fancied, 
"we are nearer the centres of i)etroleuni production than 
Philadelphia." This was imderstating the case. Until the 
Standard Oil monopoly ac(]Uired its "right" (which only very 
peremptory legislation can set aside) to regulate railroad 



MEMOUI.VL VOLUME. 249 

rates, irrespective of distance, market or demand, Baltimore 
was in a fair way to become tlie greatest petroleum market, 
■for it was nearer tlian any other seaboard city to all tlie 
petroleum centres ; to tlie Bradford and the Kanawha a> well 
as to the Oil Creek region. It is due to the disastrous, impe- 
rious, selfish and unwarrantable discriminations of monopoly, 
and by no means to any natural course of trade, that the petro- 
leum exports of Baltimore, which in 1877 rose to 44,SGl,yG7 
gallons, should have declined to their present minimum, 
histead of continuing to rise in the same proportions. In 
1879-'SO, when the Bradford producers still dreamed of coji- 
tending with the Standard monopoly, it was to Baltimore 
that they naturally looked, offering to om- capitalists, if they 
would contribute pro rata, the practical control, by means of 
a pipe line along natural flow routes to the cheapest focus of 
delivery, of an export of 350,000,000 gallons per annum of 
an indispensable product, which can be cheapest refined at 
the port of export. The proposition was considered and— 
declined. 

In this report of 1877 it was further noted that, "in luml>er, 
Baltimore is the meeting-point of the Susquehanna hemlock, 
the Carolina yellow pine and cypress, tlie West Virginia 
poplar and hickory, and the West Indian and Central Amer- 
ican hard wcjods and veneering materials; the Chesapeake 
and its shores are the original beginning place of the canning 
business in oysters, vegetables and fruits; we are five hundred 
miles nearer than Boston is to the gi-eat cotton marts; we 
have slate, clu-omic iron ore, granite, emeiy, steatite, flake 
mica and fine building marble all in our immediate vicinity, 
&c." The point of natural resources in all this is too obvious 
to need indicating. 

Look for a moment at another resource of Baltimore whicli 
can never be reduced in value except through the nullifying 
inaction of its own citizens. The supremacy which is aimed 
at by New York in the grain trade, through the Erie Canal, is 
forced to encounter an annual closure of that canal, by frost, 
averaging 140 days in every year of 3G5 days. The average 
closure of navigation which INIontreal can never overcome is 
equal to five months in each vear— 155 days, say, out of 3G5. 



250 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

The mcflium of these is 147.5 clays, in which Baltimore need 
not trouble itself about tlie competition of New York and 
^lontreal and Boston — in wliicli, in other words, the railroad 
lines to Baltimore ran, if they please, deliver gi-ain freight 
in Liverpool with all the advantage.s of shorter distance to 
points in the West proved, demonstrated, and, if ci-AnrKD, 
ALLOWEP. This average period is 40.4 iier cent, of the actual 
year, and much more than that of the so-called "grain year." 
The writer is not aware whether this part of the question of 
disc'rinunation lias ever been presented to Mr. Bailroad Com- 
missioner Albert Fink, or not. Before it is presented author- 
itatively, however, our grain merchants in Baltimore, or else 
our municii)al authorities, iimst be able, by means of compe- 
tent iceboats, competently managed, to give adequate assur- 
ance that the harbor, and subsequently the Chesapeake and 
Delaware! Ship Canal, (when that is constructed,) shall be 
piuctically kept open the whole j'ear round. When we recol- 
lect that New York harbor is, on the average, closed from ten 
to twelve days in the year, by ice, tides, storms or what ni7t, 
and that tlie average annual clo.sure of Baltimore harbor and 
the Choptank does not exceed fifteen days a year, tlie pledge 
would seem easy to make and to keep. 

Now, turning to New Orleans, th(» rival seems to be no moi*e 
a man of buckram. It cannot b(> doul)ted nor disputed that 
as soon as the terminal facilities which this city needs, and 
the intermediate river improvement's (such as leveeing, &v.) 
which are e<iually indispensable, have been accomplished, 
(and if nothing interferes, they will be at least provided for 
during the existing Federal administration,) New Orleans will 
be in a position to beccnne the chwipest port in the United 
States for shipping grain to Furojie. But here agiiin r>iilti- 
morc is exceptionally favored. For at least four months in 
the year — 120 days, from the middle of June to the middle of 
October — New Orleans is as much fever-bound as New York 
and the St. Lawrence are ice-bound. If Mr. Waring's new 
sanitary measures could ever be completed, or accomplish the 
effect expected of them, we should abandon the dilemma upon 
this horn of it. But it seems to be impossible to make New 
Orleans as salubrious a city as Baltimore ought to be mider 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 251 

all circumstances, and it is therefore wortli dwelling' upon. 
Baltimore has, upon the presumption of 120 days sickly- 
season for the average of New Orleans, an advantage not at 
present recoverable from it, of 30 per cent, over the cheap 
rates which Xew Orleans can and will offer. These may not 
win, but undoubtedly they give our city opportunities for the 
final competition with the Mississippi for the control of the 
grain trade, which no other city ought to be able to offer. 

It must be remembered that this contest, when it comes, 
(and assuming that it has not begun already,) is one between 
the cities alone. The railroads have nothing to do with it. 
It may indeed suit some of the Xorth and South roads to con- 
tend for business which they know perfectly well in advance 
the rivers will carry cheaper; but as to the East and AA'est 
roads, to take an example which comes home to us, it practi- 
cally makes lao difference, so long as the transportation service 
is maintained, whether the Ohio and Mississippi delivers 
west-bound freight at East St. Louis aboard barges bound to 
New Orleans, or west-bound freight at Locust Point elevators 
for Liverpool. Freight is freight ; transportation is transpor- 
tation, and that ]\Ir. Albert Fink will tell us, and Xew York 
and Philadelphia and Boston, quickly enough, when the time 
comes. In a word, it is the business of railroad corporations 
to make money for their stockholders. It is the business, at 
the same time, of municipal incorporations, to look after the 
interests' of their own communities. 

A striking proof of Baltimore's permanence in the line of 
great cities, of its value, in other words, both to itself and to 
the world as a port of commerce and a centre of internal 
transportation, which our own citizens appreciate as much as 
foreign traders, is to be found in the steady progress and 
advance of population. The New York Herald did not go at 
all amiss in seizing the key-note of the last year's festival. 
Baltimore, already New York's impending rival, is actually 
the junior city of any of the large ones which flourish upon 
our Atlantic seaboard. In no place do people quarrel so much 
with the apparently slow ratio of increase of population. Yet 
its rates ought to be satisfactory even to an immigrant from 
Chicago or Kansas City. The population of Baltimore in 1 7,30 



252 JrEMORIAL VOLUME. 

was, as we have seen, only 43; in 1752 it was 200; in 1774 it 
liad risen to about 5,000; in 177G, by actual count, 6,755; in 
1782, «,000; in 1790 it was 13,503; in ISOU, 2G,114, (very nearly 
doublinjr); in ISIU it was 35,583; in 1820, 62,738; in 1830, 
80,025; in 1840, 102,313; in 1850, 169,054; in 1860, 212,418; in 
1870, 267,599; in 18S0 it is 332,190. Taking the aterage of the 
decennial increase in the city's population since the first 
census in 1790, and we find that its rate of growth from the 
date of its iucoriwration has been about Al per cent, per 
annum, (44.7 per cent, for the decennial period.) From 1840 
to 1850 the increase was 67 per cent.; from 1790 to 1800 it was 
97 per cent.; from 1810 to 1820 it was 73 per cent. Between 
1870 and 1880 the increase was (nominally) only 24 per cent., 
but really much more, for we have been populating Baltimore 
county and sending our workers to live at way stations on 
every railroad that runs into the city. With its true limits 
recognized, Baltimore, if it should maintain its average rate 
of increase, will in 1890 have 550,000 inhabitants, and in 1900 
its iKipulation will reach 800,000. These are not guess-work 
figures, 1)ut aocui-ate projections of the well-known rules for 
estimating the growth of iiopulation. Nothing but pestilence 
or bitter and prolonged disaster can retard this rate of growth. 
Tlie growth of proi^erty has been still more rapid and, 
indeed, amazing, ^^'hile population, between 1730 and 1880, 
has e-vpan/led 7,600 times, property has expanded 95,000 
times, by the most moderate estimates. In 1774, Baltimore 
paid about .?26,000 in poll taxes to the proprietary govern- 
ment, making, with feudal rents and fees, a taxation of at 
least ?.30,()00. Assuming that this taxation was equal (and 
the estimate is a moderate one) to 2 i>er cent, upon actual 
values, and the property of the town at that date would be 
§1,500,000. In 1785 the assessment for town and county was 
on the basis of i:lJOO,000, equal to about §4,500,000. The 
city's share in this was about §1,000,000, representing an 
actual value in real and pei-sonal i)roperty of §4,000,000, the 
assessments being about one-fourth of real values. In 179.S 
the basis of assessment of the newly incoriiorated city was 
put at §2,240,000. The revenue that year was §32,865; the 
previous year only §14,412. In 1798, in other words, taxes 



MEMORIAL VOLUME 



253 



were higlier than now, being, on assessed values, ^1.50 per 
|100. In 1808 the basis of assessment, reduced to dollars, was 
^2 522,870, (obviously very low,) and the revenue $53,731— over 
$2 on the $100, or 2 per cent. In 1813 the assessment basis 
was $3 325,848, revenue |90,000. In 1829 the assessment basis 
was 13,424,240, and taxes $314,288, equal to 10 per cent on 
assessed values, which, however, were less than one-fltth the 
actual values. Taking these at about $17,000,000, we can 
nnderstand that in 1839 the values were put at $55,793,3 <0; 
in 1850 at $74,847,546, and 1860 at $138,505,765. The present 
rate of growth of property is very rapid. The census valua- 
tions of Baltimore property are not yet absolutely and exactly 
attainable, but it is easy to approximate them. In 18<0 these 
valuations were obtained, for Baltimore, by the addition of ,0 
per cent, to assessed valuations. The value of assessed prop- 
erty, real and personal, is given at $244,043,181. The value 
of unassessed and exempt property is given at $loO,000,000. 
The value of Baltimoreans' property nominally in Baltimore 
county and there taxed is $30,000,000, to which must be added 
$10,000,000 unassessed. These figures give the following 
results, in round numbers: 

Baltimore assessment, 1880 $244,000,000 

Add 70 per cent, for real value 170,800,000 

Baltimore's share in Baltimore county .... 30,000,000 
Add 100 per cent, for real value. (This is 

the county clerk's estimate) 30,000,000 

Baltimore property unassessed 1.50,000,000 

Baltimore county property unassessed 1 ,000,000 

Actual value of Baltimore in 1880 $634£00/)00 

This is only $9,000,000 less than the true census valuation 
of all the propertv in ^laryland in 1870; it is $223,000,000 
more than the true valuation of Baltimore city and county 
in 1870. It shows that the increase of property has been 60 
per cent since 1870, a rate which is two and one-half times 
more rapid than the apparent rate of increase of population. 
\ctually this growth has been in still greater proportion, 
since valuations in 1870 were upon an inflated ciu-rency basis. 



254 MEMoPilAI, VOI.r.ME. 

before the decline in prices, and they are conipnted in jiard 
money. 

Some aggregates and particnlars may here be given of IJal- 
timore'.s trade and commerce: 

Bcsn. 

Receipts of grain for ISSO 59,722,872 

" " 1870 8,522,228 



Increase for ten years — equal to GOO per cent. 51,200,0-14 

Receipts of wlieat have quintupled since 1876 ; those of corn 
have doubled. Exports of flour and grain from Baltimore 
have risen from 11,411,029 bushels in 1875 to 50,987,711 in 
1880 — an increase of 450 per cent. The increase at Xew York 
in the same interval has only been 120 per cent. Exports of 
■wheat (by monthly returns) for 1880, 33,768,985 bushels; corn, 
14,686,908 bushels; oats, 19,825 bushels; flour, (in sacks,) 
120,970; flour, (in barrels,) 400,947; com meal, barrels, 6,566; 
barley, sacks, 250; bread, barrels, 18,225; bread, packages, 221 ; 
cheese, pounds, 640,602; butter, 244,357 pounds; lard, 34,797,- 
502 pounds; lard oil, 113,052 gallons; ham.s, 2,003,352 pounds; 
timber, 2,214 logs; lumber, 8,251,000 feet; shooks and heads, 
100,811; staves, 797,000; hoops, 2,836,000 ; petroleum, gallons, 
refined, 18,986,003; petroleum, crude, gallons, 517,904; lubri- 
cating, 249,556 gallons ; naptha, gallons, 283,592 ; clover and 
timothy seed, bags, 4,005 ; clover and timothy seed, bushels, 
3,392 ; hominy and grits, barrels, 5,569 ; canned goods, cases, 
25,995; dried apples, barrels, 1,131; extr. bark, barrels and 
hogsheads, 25; extr. bark, boxes, 8,102; bark, hogsheads, 00; 
bark, casks, 403 ; bark, bags, 70,293 ; shingles, number, 030,000 ; 
tree-nails, 47,033 ; tobacco, leaf, hogsheads, 48,352 ; tobacco, 
seroons, 488 ; tobacco, stems, hogsheads, 5,522 ; tobacco, leaf, 
cases, 2,437; tobacco, manufactured, pounds, 357,782; tallow, 
pounds, 3,084,549 ; grease, pounds, 17,150; oil-cake, sacks and 
bags, 19,774; rice, bags, 391 ; cotton, bales, 148,030; glassware, 
packages, 1,049; paper, reams, 14,040; leather, rolls, 73; hair, 
bales, 1,478; bristles, boxes, 624; beef, barrels, 2,634; bacon, 
pounds, 26,555,038 ; pork, barrels, 4,348 ; jiork, packages, 820 ; 
rosin, barrels, 13,796; coal, tons, 44,885; oilmeal, packages, 
1,548; oil meal, jiounds, 233,567; candles, pounds, 20,462; 



ME^[()i;iAL VOLUME. 255 

bncKs, numbering 24,000; cattle, 10,771; slieep, 2,984; liorses, 
72; mules, 121; liogs, 1,080; syrup, hogsheads, 99; coffee, 
bags, 474; bran, bushels, 8,424; peas, bushels, 13,215; acid, 
carboys, 1,484; glue stock, packages, 22; apples, barrels, 542; 
potatoes, bushels, 8,847; nails, kegs, 4; matches, cases, 812; 
empty tierces, 336; empty hogsheads, 3,850; fish, barrels, 186; 
fish, boxes, 1,335; empty barrels, 839; tongue, pounds, 179,360; 
alcohol, barrels, 822; beans, bushels, 211 ; potash, casks, 1,625; 
sassafras roots, tons, 135; ironware, pieces, 2,125; cotton duck, 
bales, 626; laths, 4,200; cattle hoofs, bags, 702; soaps, tubs 
and l)oxes, 607; sugar, barrels, 350; oatmeal, bags, 23,542; 
hickory blocks, number, 78,041 ; hops, bales, 2 ; salt, in sacks, 
104; residuum, gallons, 570,500. 

Imports, according to Custom House monthly returns, at 
Baltimore in 1880 : pumice-stone, crates, 50 ; carbolic acid, 
cases, 85; soap, cases, 1,193; skins, bales, 117; iron, scrap and 
Spiegel, 18,160 tons; steel, tons, 4,918 ; brass, pounds, 27,638; 
prunes, cases, 2,103; iron, bundles, 52,586; cement, casks and 
barrels, 5,454 ; grape fruit, number, 834 ; limes, barrels, 75 ; hay, 
bales, 120; soda, nitrate, bags, 5,442; rails, 19,461; cocoanuts, 
bags, 6,326; railway iron, tons, 34,759; old rails, pieces, 66,728; 
currants, barrels, 1,000; raisins, boxes, 24,214; cattle, heads, 
111; hair, bales, 240; bone ash, tons, 2,635; dry bones, tons, 
2,049 ; clay, raw and bm-nt, cases, 3,710 ; sheep, 41 head ; iron 
ore, tons, 168,656; conch shells, 6,577,000; cotton ties, bundles, 
20,763; drugs, bales, 112; grapes, barrels, 1,510; vinegar, casks, 
2,870; pickles, casks, 200; mineral water, cases and packages, 
11,684; potatoes, bushels, 11,156; horns, 8,500; fruit, boxes, 
2,607; lumber, 212,000 feet; copper, bars, 5,868; chemicals, 
cases, 30,321 ; gas-strips, 15,592; fish, barrels, 1,446; brimstone, 
tons, 3,142; earthenware, packages, 3,319; marble blocks, 957; 
Dundee, bales, 136 ; India rubber, pounds, 2,932; oil, cases, 200; 
rice in bags, 714; sumac, bags, 2,316; molasses, hogsheads, 
12,046; molasses, puncheons, 4,273; molasses, tierces, 997; 
molasses, barrels, 149; coffee, bags, 429,520; guano, tons, 3,407; 
phosphate, tons, 1,491; kainit, &c., tons, 19,759; kainit, in sacks, 
44,046 ; sugar, tierces, 208 ; sugar, hogsheads, 5,328 ; sugar, 
barrels, 302; sugar, bags, 16,087 ; oranges, cases, 1,017 ; oranges, 
barrels, 2,327 : oranges, boxes. 44,788 ; oranges, number. 689,700; 



250 ^tEMOKI.VI, VOLUMK 

ivory nuts, tons, OTit; pine-apples, cases, 4,000; i)ine-apples, 
dozens, 65,7o2; salt, tons, 25,318; salt, sarks, 113,905; salt, 
bushels, 88,427; pig iron, tons, G5,314; bar iron, bars, 10,47G; 
tin plates, boxes, 304,585; fire brick, number, 88,000; coal, 
tons, 1(J; plaster, tons, 12,820; laths, 8,024,000 ; lemons, boxes, 
17,483; cocoanuts, 2,770,000; bananas, bunches, 58,521; sul- 
phur, tons, 10,464. 

Tlie wheat coniinir by rail to Baltimore which received 
inspection in 1880 amounted to an aggregate of 64,768 car 
loads, of wliich 52,818 loads were classed as "No. 2 Red 
Amber. " This is 81 per cent, of one single variety of wheat. 
The grade of "steamer wheat" only aggregated 4,247 car 
loads, or 6 per cent., while that which was totally rejected, 
844 car loads, was only 1.3 per cent, of the whole. The corn 
inspected in the same time was 26,314 car loads, of which 
22,24!) was graded as " mixed," or white and yellow together. 

The distillers in Baltimore produced, in 1880, 43,201 pack- 
ages, yielding 1,836,890 proof gallons of high wines; also, 951 
packages, containing 42,850 proof gallons of fruit brandy; 
there was at the same time received from Western distillers 
about 50,000 barrels of high wines, yielding about 2,250,000 
gallons. The jirice, averaging $1.1 4^ per jiroof gallon, repre- 
sents first sales of over §9,000,000, and a retail package trade 
of at least $20,000,000, not to speak at all of the retailing by 
single drink. 

The Baltimore live stock market for ISSO shows roreiiits of 
139,795 beeves, 241,598 sheep and lambs and 335,807 hogs, a 
total of 717,200 head of stock. The sale of beeves during the 
weeks ending October 12th and October 19th aggregated 
12,384 head, against 7,997 for the week preceding and succeed- 
ing. This would indicate an increase of population averaging 
about 57^ per cent, for the fortnight. 

Some mention has been already made of the management 
of the Standard Oil Company, by the crude but efi'cctive con- 
trivances of which the exports of refined oil from Baltimore, 
which in 1878 were 37,712,900 gallons, fell to 23,322,482 gallons 
in 1879, and to 14,781,980 gallons in 1880. This business is so 
clo.sely and carefully regulated by tlie ]iowerful monopoly 
wliich controls it, that it has no future but at sellers' option, 



MEMORIAL VOLUME 257 

and it is practically out of tlie line of legitimate trade. In 
1878 ships came to Baltimore for cargoes of refined petroleum 
from fifty-seven leading seaports of the world. They still 
came in 1879, but could get no oil. In 1880 they came no 
more. The "Standard" owned all our refineries; it encour- 
aged them to produce all they could, but took care they 
should dispose of none, except occasionally, with its leave, 
and when it could not do elsewhere the business it aimed 
to establish. 

The Corn Exchange reports encourage our meirhants on 
Exchange Place to believe it possible for them to establish a 
good business in butter and cheese. But the Northern Cen- 
tral and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroads, while they connect 
very closely with the Eastern and Western cheese and butter 
regions, do not yet possess the facilities for regular trans- 
atlantic steam-shipping, which are absolutely necessary for the 
l>ermanent, profitable development of this trade. In respect 
to cotton, better things seem to be approaching. Baltimoi"e 
should command a large cotton trade, and together with that 
the exterior and interior commerce also which those things 
control. An increasing amount of cotton is coming hither 
by coast routes, but we need to have it come by inland routes, 
if it is to come to the essential profit of the port. This begins 
to be the case. The receipts for 1880 aggregate 249,981 bales, 
against 173,252 bales in 1879. The exports for the year 
reached 148,046 bales, against 93,765 bales in 1879. As the 
excellent annual report of the Corn Exchange puts it : " The 
trade in cotton at our iiort has been greatly promoted since 
the establishment of the new and powerful compress, which is 
believed to have no superior, and the encouragement which it 
gives to steamers to load here ought to be appreciated." The 
receipts per rail, which were only 9,489 bales in 1877, rose to 
19,516 bales in 1878, 27,060 in 1879, and 32,027 in 1880. The 
export trade was 16,747 bales in 1872; it rose to 27,410 bales 
in 1876, and was 37,094 bales in 1877, 83,295 bales in 1878, 
93,755 bales in 1879, and 148,046 bales in 1880. As to fish, 
tobacco, petroleum, provisions, naval stores, sugar and mo- 
lasses, enough has been said. Our elevators have already a 



258 MEMORIAL Volume. 

storafre capacity of 4,000,000 bushels, soon to bo larsrely in- 
creased. 

The commeiro of Baltimore with the interior of tlie country, 
receipts and shijinients dm-intr the year 1880, as calculated in 
pounds by the Ikiltiinore and Ohio Kailroad and the North- 
ern Centml, is very large. The receipts in the course of the 
year by the former road aggregate 4,972,186,902 pounds; by 
the latter road 2,9:38,038,;")]4 pounds. The shipments over the 
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad aggregate 1,304,127,904 pounds; 
over the Northei-n Central Railroad 700,001, 7o4 pounds. To 
these must be added 10 per cent, for goods received and 
shipped by other roads and routes, and we will have — 

1880— Receipts by Baltimore and Ohio 4,972,186,962 lbs. 

" by Northern Central 2,938,038,514 " 

" by other routes ,. 790,000,000 " 

1880 — Shipments by Baltimore and Ohio. .. 1,304,127,904 " 

" by Xorthern Central 700,001, 7.')4 " 

" by other routes 200,000,000 " 

Total inland trade 10,904,355,194 " 

Equal to 5,452,178 tons per annum. 

To transport so much of these receipts and shipments as 
went to foreign countries, our port in 1880 showed a total of 
vessels entering from foreign ports amounting to 1,320,991 
tons, clearing to foreign ports 1,429,385 tons. The increase of 
the volume of business, whenever it can be made visible, 
seems to be in proportion to the above enormous aggregates. 
Thus, our foreign trade has grown from §50,934,859 in 1875 to 
§83,523,408 in 1879, an increase of 40 per cent. In 1870 our 
foreign trade was §-34,042,941, so that its growth in nine yeara 
has been 140 per ceTit., or 141 per cent, a year. In the couree 
of the decade, immigration by way of this port has increased 
116 per cent. In 1873 Baltimore exported 1,651,411 bushels of 
wheat; in 1879, 33,507,718 bushels— an increase of 1900 per 
cent. In 1873 the exports of corn were 5,869,519 bushels; in 
1879 they were 19,000,000 bushels— an increase of 325 per 
cent. The receipts of flour and grain show the same rapid 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 259 

increase. In 1874 the aggregate in bushels was 24,971, 42G ; in 
1879, 06,822,083— an increment of 41,850,657 bushels, or 168 
per cent., in six years. In 1870 there were 604 vessels, aggre- 
gating 246,569 tons, cleared from Baltimore for foreign coun- 
tries; in 1879 there were 1814 vessels, 1,481,971 tons cleared — 
an increase of 460 per cent. 

These are some of the ratios of increase where the figures 
are known. We can apply them to other industries where the 
statistics are not accessible, making iiroper reductions where 
they seem to be called for. The result justifies the conclusion 
that the general industrial growth of Baltimore since 1870, 
while not so rapid as its growth in commerce and commercial 
resources, (which averages about 200 per cent.) has been much 
greater than the apparent growth of population, and has prob- 
ably equalled the rate of growth of property — that is to say, 
has been 60 per cent., or at the rate of 6 per cent, per annum. 

The actual industrial returns are still more remarkable 
when Ave examine them by the light which the tenth census 
throws upon the figures returned over to us from the ninth. 
These industrial figures have been very hard to procure, and 
it will be remarked that they are still not complete. They 
have not, however, been before published in anything like so 
jierfect a shape as here, and they are full enough, even as 
here given, to supply all the requisite means for comparison 
Avitli previous census data. 



260 



51EMOHIAL VOLUSIE. 



C 3 



« 5 
o 

H 



iivHA aiii fi.vm.ia shdvav 



> o « :i c = f 
-; c ^1 o o r 



^T/CCOTO*^"^-00^-"T"i 



X — « 1- 5 — e» 

X ^ o* c* c o o 

c: exits c ^c 

x> cc ~ x' c — " — ' «" 



i.T -^ " f* t- 



r: o x,o^ci.— o o? cx^cj^cc ^ X X i-r t- -^ 
■^' — 'ts r^cr— ^4.o"'-'t't-'x'c:'o jl'7»' o cc j; 

5li 



•Jiva\ aux oMiiina 
aaAo'i.iKS saxvii ao Jiaan.iM 



•sisaKHsnavisa 



co!oc:c-r5>cxc50'*«:s«t-t-cto5 



« = P == ' 

't-'i^ _- 



CJ " i-T ^ r? -^ ^ cs 



r 00'* :s ^ cs I 



00 ■* -«■ ^ i 



cc =o = = =:cc: 



-* O CJ t- X t- X 



CI " CC iC ©' ^ Ii5 lO 
TO « O CI ■* S 



' CI — O t' 



= : o 






fe o 



ii.K^J|;|I|!tmS 



MKMORl.VL VOLUME. 



■2G1 



:c:rTX':rc:oo?toO'^ro»;ro»/^ir:ro 






: i> -Ti- ~ o X ic X ; 



r: ciOi oiot 



X e X c: 



; CJ — ?: — -r : 



•nvaA anj. oNiuaa saov.u 



X c: ( : 



■ ' ■ ^ ■ ~: ^ -L 



. _ _ ' o L-T — c: cc 
O X — X c: -r -f- o o> 









OOCCOOOt-'^'CiOi 



>o«ccocr'*OGCos« 



uvaA aHX OKiHiia 
aaAoiJKa saNvn dO iiaaKaN 



•lOCi^COCCi'-'t'CCiC050:r>GOlO'rt"CQ^COT-.r-" 



ocirrcOL'^ooO'-'OOi 



oo '-• c: o r: 



• o o o o oo 



>OO»0iC»C£^w— 000»00 



M'OXCQC:C7CCr-i(--K>-!i"?>(3S! 



5 CJ W »-» f-< i-H ,-1 



•sxKaKusnavisa 



cocJOocoot-oocoi-HCS'^i'iocao^oocooiX'O 



CJ Oi 1-" »-i CO 



00 «T-* iOlO'* 



PS 

=^ a 



O :2 
fcCX ^ '"^ I S 

^ ii J a^ CJ ?? -^ 

r- "^ ^'^' nr' g a ^ t:^ ^ rc''^ ? 




p:cqn:20QOc;6^oQOOOO^o;-jQ 



262 



MKMOKIAL VDLIME. 



i.'5e»csoc50ccorrctoooX'^ort 
o o » o o ^^5? cc cs e^^cs »^c> ^o C5 

c — X n 

c» »^ ©* 



«ia«C5"Ci:C?55CCJ«^^0' 



o o — 
o c « 

O C4 o 
— ca'cD 



mooooirsoocsoooooor^ottoocs 



^- ^^ ^H cs ^H »c I 



j-*-^ — fcC'*:3W 



w ^ c « — 



-- OCC- r- r-. e* 






? -^ ^ O L-S c» 



•iivHA aiii oxin.ui saovA^ 






■* — — 'T 



■Hva\ Hill, oxin.ia 
aaAoajKH sasvu ao jihuk.ix 



•sixaKnsi'iavxsa 



OK!'*aOrtm-r'<Tr-— -riM .-<!» — owes TJI« 

at w 1-1 «) — '-' 

"** — * '' ^' ^' *'■ ^' rx - *' ^^' ^' — ' ^ ^ ?' ^/ 3 '"' ^ — 



•» 



« 



»»10ff>t-103-*«CO'*QOO»' 



J-^ »CO CD 



■- c-c 

Is ^^-s^ 

2-oi = f J 



^.S6 

: i 5 5 5 -5 w 

— I- = = o • 'w1 a til £ = ^ 

= '^ J E & &? 1 £ J- = J 2 ^ _ 



:&< = 



.■= c a i*^ — 



5 " 

6o 



MEJIOUIAL VOLUME. 



263 



X' '■^^ O ^ O w X' ^ 
— .'5 CO C5 o to o » 



;oooc:ooo?^-xox 



^ C5 O X Ci CC 

iC l-l ■* Ol T-( »-. 



r^ o o o o o X :c u^ o 1--^ o I 
_b o o ^ X x_ic X :c^o io^o_ . 

— ^^^^^ COt-03i-<T-tO" 
■*« CO 



H Oi ?r 



•^ »-^ CC Ci rH 



' -.^ ^ C; lO ?5 



- ».-r o ^ X ^ X X o -t o — -r? 9 ;^ f • c: ' 



•HvaA auj, ONiaaa saovAv 



OJ T-l .-. 3-0 






•uvaA aHi ONiHiia 
aaAOidwa sonvh ao HaawaK 



COt'lO 03T-i(^^G^«i-tiCCi ®3Oa0«?>aDC5 



o o 00 o O o <: 



ratoooooo-^ooooc5ooo^^oo 

■*■* CO CJr-ir-i« ,- 



•sisaKHsnavisa 



r-lXeXStCWOST-cNONr-lMOJOJOXC-i-KM 



a— WS i 
* c .S 2 S 

a -g .2 1^ a. 
S B-5 '^ ■ 
5 -s &-I o~ ^7 






o 

3 =5 =0 



i MO bo tc bB 

a .3 V .S .S S 






2G4 



MK.MOUIAL VOLUMK. 



01_ ''l^ £--_ i- CS, !.*_ 0_ W CC «5 <-; ^ "^ tr_ ^_ -^ O^ O^ O -^ 

"cro'^cro'« o'o'o* Tf cc cs cc ac t^^-^'oci 

c* «-• -^ -^ CS« « ^lO 



■^ O :c ■ 



^ 



C4 



^_ -T_ o^ :c ?c 00 o^ ('^ c*^ aq_ -^^ iO T* tc t^^ c:_. X. :3 o_ ■* 

ci" cT r~ I * r-j' i* c^ cT cT to -?> t- x' c;' ^ i--' ^' t-* cT 



ojcoo — :c^-"OXOc»c<>».'?®ooi-'roxo« 



HvaA aux oxiii.ia s;h;>va\ 



;o-**3rT£aet-x 






• c» c; cc i-* c: c: X o £ 



*uvaA aux oMiH.ia 
aaAoqaiva sqmvii ao HaiiK.iK 












•sx»vaKnsn«vxs3 



O— CQC» *-•?€'- «MC5— 10eOt-iC»03WCO'^i^T-i 
O* CQ T-i O OQ W r-* 



. -■ - ^ rz o 



■ggs 

"^ HI " 

a a o 

« M 

s n = 
■ :: £ S S 



[■j' = J I E =.||^ =^-2 



ij;^,^^; 



;<;<■,<;««<; 3 



>IEM()1{IAL VOI-UME. 



265 




. T-H tC O lO .-O 00 o ■. 



o 00 00 ©> i-t: c-j ic »o T-H cs o -* o* o CO 



' ocooo o 



■*01-^ i-- 00 T 



• X 00 00 T-- ^ CO 



'uvaA aiiii oiJiwiia saov^w. 



O Ci GO CO O? t^ O O ( 

O^CO^t-^T-^lO •'I'^OS 0_«7 *> iC T- i 



-^ o — ' c* — " -^^ X t' to 



aaAO^aKa saNvn ^o uaaKiiiJ 



rJ'if?aOOCOC5CSOCOCCOOTt*OOi-'C?iCi>OWCO 
(Tl'l^OJOOtOOiCCt-TfOOCQlO-^t-L-OJtCCJCOcD 



CQ C3CO 



dOOOOOOOOt^ii-t^Ol 



OCJOOGOira— 'iOlOOOOOOOOOOf- 
O^CO CT CS_ij^tD_CT_'r-j_GO W CO^-^^^CQ^M^O O CI "^ 

o -^ i> o -^r t-^ cf o -^ o w* o oT cd" t-' CO rH 00 

«C0T-Hi0O(>J<Mi>«T-<iC£.-i-H05C0i-HCS 



•siKaKHsnavj,sa 



T-iOW10CO'^-«*iOCOC<iO»«OCOt*ICiCOQOOSe05C) 
«5 CC CO (M « COM i-i 



r--2.H 9.9 m S o 



o o 






i: T ^ ■- ■- -S S..SP,; 



266 



MEJIORIAL VOLOrE. 



avai am oNiana sa:)v.vv 



•uva.v anx oxiuna 
aaAo'idiva saMVH ao iiasiKau 






t- X cc o ^ w cs -^ O) c> ; 
00 « -w: o r- £- : 



c: Tf g c « o 
oj CO ao CT 


«5 








eo 


r-t 


»^ 



Wl.'?CO'^C50r-CS'?>7'>COOOCCt^CCOOtrW 

ttcc^'^f-'i.'iTj'X'^cDcooooco^coao 
oc8'-'t'»oO'n"05CQotcc>t-wc;i-~t-x?cc;»o 



r- o I- — — o r- »- c: o 



f::?:* — cocot-cs 



XC;>— '7*X?»— xr-o-ft-cjotDOt-^ocs 



■^ C: -^ Cl X TT 



T- t* CO *Ci :d ?D 






•sxK3Knsnavisa 



=^.x^i:c L-^^O^S^cr, rti-;=;^^xt^xSxcc3( 






cj :c := CQ c tc i 
T^T'Oi o :s -^ I 



^t^oocooooxi^^-^cot-occcccccocoooc: 



.no 









5-S S S S 

"25 









X !K X. X X T.r.-j:-/: ■/!■/. J-. ■r.jL-Z./.f.b-i-b'l 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 



267 



5^2 



•1IY3A aux oKinaa s3ot,\i 






■sx>;aKHsniiyxsa 



CO O O 05 O lO » 






vOO tCOM 



'— C* C» O O CO ^3 X 






cc i-H t- io ic ci 1— : 



C"*OOOC>.(OX'iOCCOOOOC5 
0"*_0 O 7^^^-V*■'v'^ C3S CJ O CJ IC '^ 

cT— Tci '<l''":DiiO Tf CO CO tj^oo {^■^ 



OC0i-t00i-i000SC0(M*0«C5C* 



OOOirtOOL-OOOOOO 

.^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^^ 



CMIO O'^f-^l-C? CO ODi-H 



^(^»ccT~t-lC'+cooo'^GO(^^i> 



>:S1 ,, 



'■ t 5 



O 7" 
o i 

^6 



E-^ lis 












o 


£ 


fl 


t> 


^ 


>. 










ti.a 






































-— 


1L> 


ji: 


■V 


^ 
















.i: 


X. 


£ 


t 


- 






SS 


-^ 


— 


s= 


? 









i-J ^3 2 



268 MEMOIUAli VOLUMI;. 

These tables are, as it will at once be noticed, fuller than 
those of previous censuses, yet they are not complete. In the 
first place, the editor, in order the better to perfect them for 
comparison with the census returns of 1870, has ignored sev- 
eral interesting points about labor, average number of hands 
emi)loyed, average number of hours, and the i-ehition of hours 
of labor to wages. These are interesting and important socio- 
logical data. They do not seem, however, to pertain to the 
domain of pure industrial research, which looks rather to 
the relations of capital, wages, cost of product and result, in 
order to establish a middle way for cariital and labor and 
both, as employed in the development of manufactures. 

It is useful to compare the groAvth of manufactures, as far 
as it can be done, by giving the condition of industries in 
1870, with that condition in 1880. This can only be done 
approximately, however, since in 1870 the returns were made 
from Baltimore county, including the city, while in 1880, 
although they have been made for Baltimore city alone, the 
list is incomplete, so far as some twenty-two industries, which 
were committed to "special experts," have not been fully 
returned upon. It can still be shown, however, approxi- 
mately, that the industries of Baltimore city alone, when all 
due allowances have been made for the elimination of the 
county's share and for the city industries not yet returned, 
the luimbcr of estaljlishments rated in 1870 has nearly 
doubled ; the cai)ital employed has increased over 60 per 
cent.; the hands employed have augmented 170 per cent.; the 
wages UO per cent. ; the cost of materials 55 per cent., and the 
annual value of products about the same, or, in fact, still 
more. These figures are rather surprising on the surface, but 
they should not astonish any one when the real measure of 
Baltimore's growth during the decade is taken into the 
account. Baltimore does one of the largest businesses in 
agricultural implements, in fertilizers and in clothing. Its 
foreign trade in breadstufFs and provisions is enormous, and it 
has not yet lost by a gi-eat deal that controlling trade in flour 
in which it was at one time supreme the world over. Its 
proximity to Jones' and Gwynn's Falls, to the Gunpowder and 
the IMonocacy, has never been overcome as an industrial fact. 



MEJIOKIAL VOLOTIE. 



269 



and until tliis is finally done all talk of the flour empire 
being transferred to tlie James, the Ohio, the Missouri or 
upper Mississippi would seem to be idle. 

Look at and consider the table of distances which we give 
here below : 

TABLE OF DISTANCES BY RAILWAY FROM BALTIMORE TO 



Annapolis, Md 35 

Boston, Mass 421 

Charleston, S. C (306 

Charlottesville, Va 155 

Cliicago, 111 801 

Cincinnati, 580 

Cleveland, 517 

Columbus, 512 

Culpeper, Va 107 

Cumberland, Md. 1 78 

Detroit, Mich G97 

Frederick, Md 62 

Fredericksburg, Va 108 

Gettysburg, Pa 63 

Gordonsville, Va 134 

Hanover, Pa 46 

Harper's Ferry, Va 81 

Harrisburg, Pa 85 

Indianapolis, Ind 700 



Louisville, Ky 716 

Lynchburg, Va 216 

]\Ianassas, Va 72 

Martinsburg, Va 100 

Milwaukie, Wis 886 

Montreal, Canada 586 

Kashville, Tenn 900 

New Orleans, La 1 ,384 

New York, N. Y 185 

Petersburg, Va 191 

Philadelphia, Pa 98 

Richmond, Va 170 

Sandusky, 595 

Savannah, Ga 716 

St. Louis, Mo 920 

"NA'ashington, D. C 38 

^^'estminster, ]VId 20 

Wilmington, Del 70 

AVilmington, N. C. . i 406 



Lancaster, Pa 80 York, Pa. 



57 



The situation of Pjaltimore at the head of navigation gives 
it an average advantage of 1 75 miles over other Atlantic sea- 
board cities in its connections with the centres of \\'estern 
traffic. To have the full benefit of this nearness to Western 
trade, however, Baltimore must get nearer to Europe by 
means of the cut-off ship canal from the Patapsco across the 
Eastern Shore peninsula to some point near the capes of the 
Delaware. This ship canal will ultimately be built, if for no 
other reason that 30,000,000 bushels of grain now come annu- 
ally from all points north of the Oliio and east of Dulutli for 
shipment via Baltimore, usually coming eastward to Buffalo 



270 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

before seeking to come to Baltimore by rail. The Board of 
Trade of tliis city, in an exhaustive report on the subject, 
embodying also a memorial to Congress, said : 

"Unquestionably Congress looks upon tlie shortening and 
cheapening of routes of transportation as works of national 
importance, for it otherwise would not have endowed all Uw<e 
various railroads, canals, cut-offs, and river and harbor im- 
provements with so much money and so much land. But tlie 
object of all tliese various grants was to cheapen transporta- 
tion to and from the seaboard; not to and from any particular 
and specific points on the seaboard. The railroad centre on 
the Chesapeake happens, by means of its railroad connections, 
to be nearer thal^ other railroad debouches on the seaboard, 
by an average of nearly 175 miles, to the centres of collection 
and distribution of produce in the West, Northwest and .South. 

"The number of States and the diversity and volume of 
commerce to be served by the construction of this proposed 
cut-off, stamp it as a work of signal national importance. The 
65,000,000 bushels of grain (and flour reduced to bushels) 
received at Baltimore in the year 1879, the cotton, tobacco 
and live stock, were gathered from very wide fields, all of 
them reaching out in searck of the cheapest transportation. 
Canada and Manitoba contributed their quotas. Western New 
York and Pennsylvania, Virginia and AVest Virginia, Kentucky 
and Tennessee and Georgia, North and South Carolina, Arkan- 
sas, Kansas, Eastern Nebraska, Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, A\'is- 
consin, Missouri, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana and Ohio were 
all glad to avail themselves of the cheap, shoi-t routes to tlie 
Chesapeake. Klevators and produce depots at OsAvego and 
Kochester, at A\illiamsport and Krie, at Toronto and Colling- 
W(xk1, at Cleveland, Sandusky, Toledo, Detroit, Milwaukie, 
Chicago, Duluth, St. Paul and Bismarck, Cheyenne and 
Omaha, Kansas City and Keokuk, St. Louis and Cairo, Louis- 
ville and Cincinnati, gathered in for our elevatoi-s and piere 
witli incessant activity. Let those who like such problems 
try to cipher out how many pounds of this produce were 
shipped to our port out of sentiniental esteem for Ikltimore, 
and liow many came hither in (piest of the cheapest possible 
route to market. If Congress can shorten that route, from the 



JIEMORIAL VOLUME. 271 

Mississippi to Liverpool, from 22 to 24 liours, (which is the 
saving in time reported by Colonel Craighill as capable of 
being effected by tlie proposed ship canal,) and lessen freights, 
insnrance, shortage and other charges in proportion, will it 
not in fact be building a bridge over part of the Atlantic 
Ocean?" 

At the same time Baltimore mnst get nearer to the West 
and the South by increasing its railroad connections and facil- 
ities and cheapening its charges. " It will not do," boldly 
said ]\Ir. J. I. INIiddleton, last retiring President of the Corn 
Exchange, "to rely npou onr natural and artificial advantages 
and lull ourselves into a false security, waiting fur the trade 
to come back to us. Our corn trade was the result of the 
energy, skill and enterprise of our merchants, which made of 
a provincial market the successful rival of New York; and 
notliing but skill, energy and enterprise well and intelligently' 
directed can restore to us the prize which seems now well 
nigh lost." 

" ^^llat Ave need in Baltimore most of all," said Mr. Middle- 
ton, " is first to develop this througli business, even if Balti- 
more thereby becomes only a way station on the grand line ; 
and secondly, to make our city one of the great warehouses of 
the seaboard. We are as yet only on the threshold of the 
prosperity which this city is capable of enjoying, if we, her 
business men, make a proper use of our many advantages. 
But there must be in the future no question of adequate ele- 
vator storage accommodation. No matter liow great the accu- 
mulation of grain and other merchandise, our railroads must 
be taught to remember that they have invited these precious 
freights ; that their welfare and our welfare demands tliat the 
Western producer and the Eastern shipper or speculator, or 
whatever we may style the owner of this grain, should find 
in Baltimore the amplest opportunity of holding and storing 
at uniform and moderate charges all or any goods that he 
may choose to bring here. We never hear that New York 
refuses business, or confesses her inability to give storage 
room to the West or to the world. Nor do her bxisiness men 
ever forget themselves or their business so far as to denounce 
the spirit of speculation as one of the deadly sins True chil- 



272 MEMOKIAI, VOLUME. 

dreii of Miimmoii, they do all in tlioir power to eneoumi^e 
what they recof^nlze justly to be the very vital breath of all 
coiainercial activity ! " 

In coucludiiii^ this chapter we cannot do better than employ 
the excellent words of Mayor Latrobe, in his last annual mes- 
sage to the City Council of ]5altlmore. "We are all inter- 
ested," he says, "iu the advancement of the prosperity and 
increase in the population of Baltimore. How can this be 
materially aided? Nature has done much for the city. It 
has contributed a healthy clinuite and a location on navigable 
tidewater in close proximity to the great coal-fields, and 
nearer to the Western cities than any point on the Atlantic 
.seaboard. Private enterprise has constructed through lines 
of double track railways to the West, and established here 
terminal facilities for the receipt and trans-shipment of mer- 
chandise from rail to sliipboard unequaled in the world. 
Municipal entei-prise, assisted by liberal appropriations from 
the United States Government, has so deepened the channels 
to the port that any vessel wliich can enter the harbor of Xew 
York can come np to the wharves of Baltimore. Tlie result 
of this combination of natui-al advantages with human enter- 
prise has already made Baltimore a great commercial city. 
"What more does it want? Increased commerce and manu- 
factures. The former retpiires an increased depth of water 
in the harbor. We have made it twenty-four feet ; let us 
make it twenty-seven feet. This, in connection with a con- 
tinuance of the annual liberal appropriations by the City 
Council, to be expended by the Harbor Board in deepening 
and widening our upper channels, will, in a few years, accom- 
plish the desired resxilt. But we want manufactures. They 
are the life-blood of a great city. Our sister cities are all 
offering premiums for their establishment; let us endeavor 
to outbid them. We must have a low rate of taxation. Man- 
ufactures will not go where taxes are excessive. This is to 
be accomplished in .several ways : First — By an economical 
municipal government. It is for this reason that I earnestly 
urge upon your Honorable Body to keep the taxes do.wn. 
The city government should be managed on strictlj'- business 
principles luidertake nothing we cannot afford* create no 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 273 

superfluous offices ; make the levy early, aud make no appro- 
priations after tlie levy is made. Second — We can secure a 
reduction of the tax rate by an increase in the taxable basis ; 
this is aided by whatever advances the prosperity of the city. 
All that is done for commerce to attract trade to the port ; all 
done for manufactures, inducing them to come here with their 
plant and machinery and employ operatives, Avho must build 
houses and purchase supplies for tlieir support; all done, 
throui;-h the judicious expenditure of only what we can afford, 
in the way of repaving our business streets and improving the 
outer portion of the city, thus encouraging the erection of 
buildings for warehouses and dwellings, which are added to 
the taxable basis, tends to accomplish this result." 



CHAPTER ELEVENTH. 

The C'it3— lis (jiuvcriiiiiout aiul Institutions— Moral. Intel- 
lectual, itonevolent and Kooial. 

T")AI/n.M()RE was c-liartered by Act of General Assembly 
J3 in 17'JG, under the corporate name of "The Mayor and 
City Council of Ifeiltimore." * The city government is pro- 
hibited from creating debt for internal improvement works 
or otherwise, except by specific sanction of the CJeneral Assem- 
bly, and ratification by the qualified voters at the polls. Tlie 
Mayor is elected biennially, and has a veto power, which 
requires a vote of three-fourths of each branch of the City 
Council to overcome. His salary is §5,0(i() a year. City 
Couucilmon receive §1,000 a year, each. The First Branch has 
twenty members and the Second Branch ten membei"s. Sub- 
ordinate officers of the city government are apjjoiiited by the 
Mayor, by and witli the advice and consent of the City Coun- 
cil in convention. The collector of State and city taxes is 
appointed annually. His salary is §2,000, and he is allowed in 
addition one per cent, of the State taxes collected Ly him. 
His bond is §75,000. The Appeal Tax Court, comju-ising three 
judges, receive each §1,800 a year. They appoint a clerk, 
salary §1,600 a year, an assessor and other officers provided by 
law. This Court is authorized to assess the property of per- 
sons failing to make their own returns, and also to make alter- 
ations, additions or deductions in assessments, as it may deem 
projier. A part of the duty of the Appeal Tax Court is to 
grant permits for the erection of buildings within the city 
limits, without charge. 

The City Register is elected biennially by the two branches 
of the Council in convention. He has charge of the moneys 



*This initial skfti'li is in pari an aluiilfiniout of a report made to the ocnsiis 
bureau 1)V Mr. .lolin II. B. Latrobe, Chairman of the Committee on the Memorial 
Volume, and President of the Maryland Historical Society. 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 275 

and securities of the corporation and is its accounting officer. 
He gives bond in the sum of ^-^i^OOO and has a salary of $."),U00. 
No money can be paid, however, except through a warrant of 
the Comptroller. The Comptroller is appointed biennially 
by the Mayor. He performs the duties indicated by his title ; 
gives bond in the sum of $10,000, and has a salary of $3,000. 
The Comptroller, although appointed by the Mayor, can only 
be removed by the joint action of the C^ity Council. 

The public debt of the city of Baltimore is (January 
I, 1881) $36,092,298.06, against whicli, including a sinking 
fund of $7,859,757.78, there are interest-bearing securities 
of $28,099,036.02, leaving a balance of debt over and above 
interest-bearing securities of $6,924,762.04, for which the city 
holds unproductive assets, of more or less value, amounting 
to $4,807,472.57, besides a large amount of real estate, in its 
court-house, record office, city hall, jail, police stations, fire- 
engine houses and apparatus, school-houses, almshouse, steam- 
tugs. Marine Hospital grounds, public parks, etc. 

The public debt of the city, its investments and finances 
generally, are in charge of a board, consisting of the Mayor 
and t^vo citizens, who are elected by the Councils in conven- 
tion annually, and styled "the Commissioners of Finance." 
No salary is attached to the office. 

The law officers of the city government are a Counselor, at 
a salary of $2,500 ; a Solicitor, whose salary is $4,000, and an 
Examiner of Titles, with a salary of $3,000. 

There is a City Librarian, at a salary of $1,500, with an 
assistant, at a salary of $900. In addition to his other duties, 
the librarian procui-es all the stationery and printed matter 
required by the heads of the several departments. 

The Board of Police Commissioners of the city of Balti- 
more hold their offices for six years. The Commissioners are 
elected by the State Legislature — one at each biennial session. 
They give a bond to the State in the penalty of $10,000 each, 
and there is a salary of $2,500 attached to the office. They 
choose their own president and a treasurer, who must be one 
of their number; a clerk, with a salary of $1,500, who gives 
bond in the penalty of $5,000, and is virtually the treasurer; 
a mar.shal, with a salary of $2,500, and a deputy marshal. 



276 MEMORi.vr. voLUM?;. 

whose salary is §2,000. They enroll ami organize a permanent 
police force of five hundred men. The captains on the force 
receive ?22 per week, the lieutenants §20, sergeants §19, and 
the privates 31.S. Including officers, sergeants, keepers of 
stations, turnkeys, S:c., the whole regular police force consists 
of about six hundred men, and is maintained at an annual 
expense of about §0'JU,UUO. The Police Commissioners are 
authorized to increase the force on special occasions, when 
the pay of each person added to the force is §2.50 per diem 
while he remains in service. "While the State appoints the 
Police Commissionei"s, the expense of supporting the force is 
borne by the city. 

The schools of the city are in charge of a board, entitled 
"the Board of Commissioners of Public Schools," consisting 
of a member from each ward, chosen by the Councils, in con- 
vention, for four years. One-fourth of the whole number go 
out of office annuallj\ The office is not a salaried one. The 
board elects one of its members president; also a secretary, 
with a salaiy fixed by the board, and a superintendent of 
public schools, with an assistant. The salary of the superin- 
tendent is fixed by the board, subject to the approval of the 
councils, and at this time is §2,.')t)() per annum. The salary of 
the assistant superintendent is §1,800. The board appoints 
the teachers, determines their salaries, and prescribes the 
course of studies and the books to be used. There is no 
charge for tuition, but e:u'h pupil is required to pay, in 
advance, one dollar per quarter for the use of books, except in 
cases where the indigence of the parents prevents it. There 
are separate schools for colored children, and also German- 
Engli.sh schools, where the German language is taught as well 
as English. The whole number of schools is one hundred and 
twenty-five, and the buildings are valued at §1,1(J9,.544. There 
is one city college for boys, two high schools for girls, thirty- 
eight grammar, fifty-nine primary schools, five English- 
German schools, fourteen colored day schools, four colored 
evening schools, one white evening school and one normal 
school, with one hundred and six male and seven hundred 
and sixteen female teachers, and an average daily attendance 
of 31,477 — the whole number of pupils during the year hSTti 



MEMOKIAL VOLUME. 277 

being 48,988, of whom 5,1 2(> were colored. The number of 
pupils paying nothing was 25,528. The expense of public 
schools in 1879 was §620,000. 

The Fire Department of Baltimore is under the control of 
an uni)aid commission of citizens, the Mayor being ex officio 
a member thereof. They hold their offices for four years, 
two going out of office every second year. They appoint a 
chief engineer, at a salary of §2,000, and two assistant engi- 
neers, with a salary of §1,400 each. If a fireman is injured 
while on duty, so as to be prevented from following his daily 
occupation or attending to his duties in the department, he is 
paid his salary for one year, if his disability .so long continues. 
If a fireman loses his life while in the discharge of his duties, 
the family of the deceased, including father and mother, are 
to be paid §500. In addition to this, the fire commissioners 
are authorized to effect insurances on the lives of the firemen. 
The annual expense of the Fire Department is §175,000. 

The water supply of the city is governed by a board of six 
commissioners, appointed biennially, who, with the IMaj^or, 
receive no compensation for the service they render in this 
connection. They appoint and fix the compensation of a 
water engineer, a civil engineer, a water registrar, clerks and 
collectors. The supply is derived from Jones' Falls and the 
Gunpowder Falls, the work connected with the latter being 
now (1880) on the eve of completion. The minimum supply 
from Jones' Falls is 15,000,000 gallons per day, and from the 
Gunpowder 1(55,000,000 — the two affording an aggregate daily 
supply of 190,000,000 gallons. The Gunpowder tunnel is 
capable of passing 170,000,000 gallons per diem. That of 
JscAvYork is limited to 100,000,000. There are four resen'oirs 
connected with the Jones' Falls supply, of 81, 5, 53 and 41 
acres, respectively, storing in the aggregate 535,000,000 gal- 
lons, and two reservoirs connected with the Gunpowder .supply, 
of CO and 30 acres, respectively, with an aggregate storage 
of 765,000,000 gallons, making the entire storage supply 
1,300,000,000 gallons. The supply from the Gunpowder in- 
volved the construction of a tunnel seven miles in length and 
twelve feet in diameter, the greater part of Avhich is through 
rock, and the .excellence and beauty of all the works apper- 



278 ' -MEMOUIAL VOLUME. 

taining to -n-liich liave already become noted in tlie engineer- 
ing world. It is the tliird largest tunnel in the world, being 
only f-urpa.ssed by tiie Mont Cenis and the St. Gothard. One 
of the chief .storage lakes of the Gunpowder system was com- 
pleted December lUth, 1880. This lalve is two miles from the 
northeastern limits of the city. It is called ]Montebello. It is 
one and a half miles around, thirty-one feet depth, and covers 
an area of sixty acres. Clifton reservoir, lying between Monte- 
bello and the city limits, will be completed in September, 1S81. 

All matters connected with tlie harbor of Baltimore are in 
charge of a board of si.x commissioners, who hold tlieir offices 
for four years, two going out of office biennially. They 
receive no compensation. The ^Mayor is the president. Tlie 
Harbor Toard has authority to make contracts, employ labor, 
and do all that may be necessary to maintain and improve 
the harbor. The harbor is at this time kept open during the 
winter by two iceboats. 

The parks of Baltimore consist of Druid Hill Tark, contain- 
ing 6'J;l acres; Patterson Park, of oG acres; Eiverside Park, 
171 acres; Federal Hill Park, 81 acres, and other snuiller 
areas called sqnares, which are iu charge of unpaid commis- 
sioners, appointed frt)m persons residing in the respective 
neighborhoods. The first four parks are in charge of a board, 
also luipaid, of four persons, of whom the ]\Iayor is ex-officio 
cliainuan. Tlioy liold their offices during good behavior, witli 
power to fill vacancies occurring in thi'ir body, stibject to th(> 
approval of tlie City Councils. The parks are supported by a 
tax of twelve per cent, on the gross earnings of the city jias- 
senger railways, from which tliere is deducted the interest on 
the bonds issued for tlie purchase of Druid Hill and Patterson 
Parks. One-fifth of what remains is then invested as a sink- 
ing fund to redeem the bonds at maturity, and the balance is 
expended by the park commissioners in the maintenance 
and improvement of the parks. They appoint an engineer 
and general superintendent, superintendents of the partic- 
ular parks, a naturalist, a gardener, and generally the labor- 
ing force re(iuired. Piverside and Federal Hill Parks are 
maintained by special appropriations, from time to time, as 
neces.saiy. 



JIEMOUI.VL VOLUMH. 279 

The jail of the city is in charge of a board of five " visitors," 
who serve Avithout compensation, and who ajjpoint a warden 
Avith the necessary assistants, and fix their sahiries. They 
are required to employ the prisoners at such work in and 
about the premises as may be consistent with their safe- 
keeping. When discharged, the prisoners may be paid two- 
thirds of their net earnings, to be ascertained by the visitors. 

Tliere are five trustees of the almshouse, who receive §2 per 
diem for each day of their meetings in the discharge of their 
duties. The almshouse at Bayview is under their control, and 
each trustee has the power to direct, in writing, the admission 
of a pauper. This power is also possessed by the ward mana- 
gers of the poor, of whom there is one appointed annually by 
the Mayor and City Council for each ward of the city. 

The sanitary department of the city government is carried 
on by a Board of Health, consisting of a Health Commis- 
sioner, with a salary of $2,500, and an assistant, with a salary 
of 11,500. There is also a INIarine Hospital physician subordi- 
nate to the Board of Health, with a salary of $3,000, whose 
duties appertain to the sanitary condition of the port. The 
duty of attending to the streets of the city devolves upon a 
" City Commissioner," with a salary of $3,000, and three assis- 
tants, with a salary of $1,500 each. There is also a City Sur- 
veyor elected biennially by the ciualified voters of the city. 
The compensation is fixed by a table of rates, according to the 
services performed by him. Besides the City Commissioner, 
there is a board of three persons, called " The Commissioners 
for Opening Streets in the City of Baltimore," which deter- 
mines matters connected with the laying out, opening, grad- 
ing, widening or closing up of any streets, lanes and alleys. 
They hold their offices for three years — one going out of office 
every year — and have each a salary of $1,200. 

There is an Inspector of Public Buildings, five Inspectors of 
Streets, two Inspectors of Sewers and two Inspectors of Public 
Cemeteries, who perform the duties indicated by their respec- 
tive titles. This enumeration of the officers of the city gov- 
ernment does not include all of its employes, but will suffice 
to give a correct idea of the system provided for the conduct 
of its affairs. 



280 MKMOKIAL VOLUME. 

A few notes in illustration of the preceiling sketcli may be 
taken from a paper published in The Sun newspaper on Jan- 
uary 1:2th, l.ssn. on the foundinir of Baltimore. In retrard to 
tlie transition to an incorporated form of government, this 
article said : 

Government l)y Legislature througli boards of commis- 
sioners is too slow a process to suit large cities. It besides 
creates too many Irresponsibilities. A Legislature has no 
time to govern a State aiid a city at the same time — to regu- 
late general affairs and deUiils at once. The General Assem- 
bly of the State from 1774 to 179U had to make no end of 
municipal regulations for Baltimore Town: to regulate the 
gauging of casks, the paving of streets, the placing and light- 
ing of lamps, the appointing of Port Wardens, the cleaning of 
the basin, the ordering of the night watch, the conduct of the 
markets, Ac. At last tlie Legislature got as tired of this as 
did the petitioning people of Baltimore, and the "Act to erect 
Baltimore Town, in Baltimore county, into a city, and to 
incorporate the inhabitants thereof,'' was passed November 
Ses.sion, 179G, the Act specifying that "the good order, health, 
peace and safety of large cities and towns cannot be pre- 
served, nor the evils and accidents to which they are exposed 
avoided or remedied, without an internal power competent to 
establish a police and regulations fitted to their particular 
circumstances and exigencies." This charter and its svibse- 
quent amendments comprise the Constitution of Ikltimore. 
The city was to liave a seal; to be divided into wards, (eight 
at first) ; to have a Council of two branches, (the First Branch 
to be elected vlria voce by voters worth not less than $1,000). 
The votei-s at the time of voting for members of Fii-st Branch 
were to vote for one elector in each ward, and these were to 
meet and choose the Mayor and members of Second Branch. 
The corporation was given power to enact all laws and ordi- 
nances necessary to preserve the health of the city, to remove 
nuisances, have the streets lighted and patrolled, care for 
docks, basin, liarbor and river, license auctions, Ac, &c., levy 
taxes, collect fines, &c. 

James Calhoun was elected first Mayor of Baltimore, and 
amongst the names of electors and couucilmen who Avere 



MEMOiUAL VOLUME. 281 

chosen we find sucli proniiuent citizens as George lleinecker, 
Dr. George Bnclianan, .Samuel Owings, Zebulon IloUingsworth, 
Jesse Hollingswortli, David :McMechen, Hercules Courtenay, 
Jeremiali Yellott, Adam Fonerden, Philip Hogers, James A. 
Buchanan, Peter Frick, Englehardt Yeiser, Joseph Biays, Nich- 
olas Rogers, John Merryman, Ilobert Gilmor, Edward Johnson, 
Job Smith, Baltzer Schaeffer, &c. It will be noted how the 
Pennsylvania German and Scotch-Irish names loom up in this 
list, alongside of good old English names, however, and those 
of Huguenots. James Calhoun himself was of Scotch-Irish 
stock, coming into the province about 1771. He made him- 
self prominent on the patriot side during the Revolution, and 
was on several of the most active committees. At tlie date of 
Mr. Calhoun's election to the honorable place of first Mayor 
of Baltimore he was President of the Chesapeake Insurance 
Company, and lived " cross North lane, on East street "—that 
is to say, on Fayette street, south side, one door west of North 
street, his office being on the corner. 

Uv. Richard H. Moale, son of John ISIoale, was Register of 
the City; Mr. James Carey, President of the First Branch of 
the earliest City Council, Mr. John Merryman being President 
of the Second Branch. The first Council met in its first ses- 
sion in February, 1797, at the court-house, as directed by the 
Act of Incorporation. They continued to meet here until 
ISIarch, ISOl, when commissioners were appointed to choose a 
site and build a City Hall, and until the building was erected 
the commissioners and ]Mayor were to " provide forthwith a 
suitable house for the accommodation of the City Council and 
for the office of the Mayor and Register." The first City Hall 
and Mayor's office was on South street, nearly opposite Lovely 
lane, on the site of the banking-house of the :\Iessrs. Garrett. 
This property seems to have belonged to j\Ir. James Long, and 
Avas rented for $200 a year. Afterwards the building erected 
by Rembrandt Peale, on Holliday street, and called Peale's 
Museum, was bought for a City Hall, the picture galleries 
being turned into Council chambers, and this site served until 
the present City Hall was finished. 

The city officers were not numerous nor the salaries large. 
Each branch of the Council had a Clerk and a Messenger. 



282 MEMUIUAL VOLUME 

Tliere ivere five City C'oiiunissioucrs, three CoininissiuiuTs of 
the Wiitcli and Lij^litiiit,' the City, nine Health Coinmissionerrt, 
tliifc CoiimiisHioners to Survey the Harlx)r, two Iiispector.s of 
Flour, one Inspector of Salted Meats, a Superintendent of 
Punii)s for each ward, a Harbor Master, a Collector, a Super- 
intendent of Streets, a City Constable, a SuperinteTident of the 
Mud Machine, three Assessors, a Clerk for each of the three 
markets, four Measurers of Lumber, four \\'oodcorders, two 
Hay Weighers, one Ganger, Keeper of the Powder Magazine 
and three Sweepmastei's. The Mayor received §2,400 a year 
and office rent, llegister §1,400, Ilarbor Master §;300, Mud 
Machine Superinteiulent $G0G.(i6, Clerks of markets §280 for 
the three, City Commissioners $2 per diem for each day's 
actual service, Council Clerks $5 per diem, Messengers §1.50 
per diem during actual service. The members of the Council 
received §l.oO per diem for each day's session, but if absent, 
were fined §2 per diem. Such were our first lawmakers. 

The fli'st ordinance, after continuing over some necessary 
officers of the town and providing for the proper custody of 
the moneys and records, was to establish a seal for the cor- 
poration of Baltimore. It was decided to retain the old seal 
of the town commissioners, some necessary alterations being 
made in it. The ne.\t ordinances established the office of reg- 
ister and the treasury deiiartment, and the collector of dues 
and arreai-ages, fines and licenses, and the seventh ordinance 
restrained gaming and licensed and regulated theatrical and 
other cihibitions, in the interest of '• true religion and good 
moi-als," which are declared to be "the only solid foundations 
of public liberty and happiness." The subsequent ordinances 
take up inspections, health, night-Avatch, policing, nuisances, 
lighting of streets, t^c, in natural order. 

The total revenue of the city from all sources during 1797, 
the first year of municipal existence, was §14,412; for 179S it 
was §;32,8Go. Small as these sums were, they sufficed to meet 
all expenditures. In ISIO, with .3o,000 people, the expendi- 
tures, were about §00,000. In ISSO, with 3JO,00(l, a tenfold 
increase in population, the expenditures of every sort are esti- 
nuited at §'),;)()0,O(i(i, or an increase of more than ninetyfold. 
Still the assets of the corporation and the wealth of tlie people 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 283 

have grown very rapidly. The wealth of the city in 1798 was 
assessed at §099,519, and in LSIO at about $2,5UU,UU0, wliereas 
it is now §250,000,000, so that taxation is really not any 
heavier, counting the increment of wealth. The sources of 
revenue in 1797 and 1798 were (1) licenses, (2) fines, (3) inspec- 
tions, (4) taxes. The ordinance of March 19, 1798, imposes a 
tax of fifteen shillings per one hundred pounds of real and 
personal property, equal to 75 cents on the §100. The basis 
of assessment was directed, by an ordinance approved April 
29, 1797, to be ascertained by the Register, Treasurer and Col- 
lector, who are to examine and collect into one statement all 
the taxes levied by the Assembly, and find out by whom they 
were paid. 

Some of the sources of revenue Avere onerous and restric- 
tive. Auctioneers were taxed five per cent, on gross sales; 
taverns were heavily licensed ; license fees and inspection 
charges were imposed upon the visible part of every branch 
of industry. Other sources of revenue were founded in a 
mistaken policy — now pretty generally exploded — that if the 
State or municipality can get the people to pay money to it 
willingly and unconsciously without grumbling, it had the 
right to take from the people all they can spare. 

This is the spurious philosophy of what is called " indirect 
taxation," of tariffs in general, of the Paris octroi in particular, 
and of all the lottery "systems" which have helped so mate- 
rially to impoverish the improvident and unreflecting classes. 
:Maryland and Baltimore no longer tolerate lotteries by law 
or in practice, but they used to be the very liot-beds of tliis 
"Simon-says-wiggle-waggle" style of gaming. The colunnis 
of the old :Maryland Gazette teem with advertisements of lot- 
tery schemes. They occupy the next largest space to adver- 
tisements of runaway slaves and redcmptioners. 

Up to someAvhere near the end of the Revolutionary war 
tlie streets of Baltimore town had not begun to be paved. In 
sAvampy places pole roads and causeways Avere laid, as in the 
case of Lombard, then called "Water street, Avhere it crossed 
Harrison's marsh to the " loAver bridge " over Jones' Falls, and 
later, in the case of AMlkes street, Avhere it passed OA^er the 
head of " the cove " and the debouch of Harford run, on its 



284 MEMORIAL VOLLMK. 

way to "the Toiut." Iiuli\ idiials iiiacle sidewalks liere and 
there, to suit tlieir fancy, but there was no law, and no com- 
pulsion. JJaltiniore was a villaj,'e, and its streets were village 
roads and paths. At November Session (1782) of the Legisla- 
ture, after Howard's, Uidgely's and llogers' additions to the 
town, there was a law passed "for the more effectual paving of 
the streets of liiiltimore town." This Act levied, for the pur- 
pose of paving, cleaning and repairing the streets, a tax of 12s. 
and Gd. per front foot on streets ordered to be paved, of (is. 
and od. on alleys, foiu--wheeled carriages 30s. a year, chairs 
and sulkies 15s., di-ays 2js., wagons and carts 25s., saddle 
horses 20s., billiard tables X1-j, (additional to licen.se,) the 
"playhouse" £hO; 30s fine (additional) for chimneys catching 
fire; selling liquor without license 30s. additioiml fine; £o 
additioiuil on tavern licenses, and 2s. 6d. per .£100 on assessed 
l)roperty of all sorts, (ecpial to 121 cents on the $100.) These 
tax rates were heavy and unequal, but they were not so 
bad probably as unpaved streets. Street commissioners were 
appointed, fines set for obstructing streets and sewei-s, scaven- 
gers directed to be employed, peojde ordered to remove their 
own filth, nuisances forbidden, and various other pre-muuic- 
ipal regulations enforced. In subsequent Acts the streets 
were ordered to be surveyed, and many of the lanes and 
alleys widened and gnid(>d down. The present municipality 
of Iialtimoro is still involved in expenses incurred in the 
street plans of the old foimders of the city. Many hills must 
yet be cut down, gi-ades changed and streets widened and cut 
through before convenience and symmetiy will be secured. 

r.altimore now expends, for schools, colleges, institutes, 
academies, universities, libraries, and other direct means of 
education, an annual sum of ?1 ,100,000, representing, at 5 per 
cent., the income of an endowment amounting to not less than 
?22,000,000. Some of this is absolutely permanent, and the 
greater part of the remainder is quite as pernuvuent as any 
popular institutions can be made. 

The municipal expenditures, aggregating somewhere about 
$5,500,000 a year, of which about .?4,()(>0,0()0 are derived from 
ta.xation, are devoted to the daily business of nnmicipal gov- 
ernment, over 10 i^er cent, taking the form of investments feu* 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 285 

purposes of pennaiient improvements, parks, wharves, streets, 
markets, &g. At an average cost of less than one per cent, 
upon their estates, the citizens of Baltimore .secure good 
municipal government, all the modern comforts and conve- 
niencies of modern city life, all the advantages of swift 
transit and carriage, good light and water, with the addition 
of about one-tentli of their annual subscriptions to local gov- 
ernment being disbursed in the increase and development of 
the comforts and conveniences of the city of the future. 

In addition to what has been said above in regard to the 
city's water supply and its parks, we are glad to be able to 
furnish some fresh and as yet unpublished new materials.* 

The water works of Baltimore are of the most extensive 
and elaborate character. Two streams are brought into the 
service; the actual storage resource is 1,300,000,000 gallons; 
the minimum daily supply from Jones' Falls and the Gun- 
powder is about 115,000,000 gallons. This, with the storage, 
will give 370 gallons per capita for 350,000 people during one 
hundred days of the dryest season. At the maximum daily 
supply of 50 gallons per capita, it will accommodate a popu- 
lation of 2,500,000 — unless the present sources of supply 
should diminish before our city attains a population so great. 
The supply may thus be looked upon as being as permanent 
as the works. 

The reservoirs, for storage, purification and distribution, are 
Lake Roland, one hundred and sixteen acres, on Jones' Falls, 
capacity 500,000,000 gallons, cost $112,752; conduit to Hamp- 
den, |;536,000; dam at Lake Koland, $152,000; Hampden reser- 
voir, eight acres, two hundred and seventeen feet above tide, 
capacity $50,000,000 gallons, cost $206,000. Pipes to Mount 
Eoyal reservoir, $140,000; capacity of that, 30,000,000 gallons, 
cost $112,000; Druid Lake, capacity 429,000,000 gallons, cost 
not given ; Montebello reservoir, capacity 500,000,000 gallons, 
cost $660,000; Clifton reservoir, capacity 265,000,000 gallons. 
This water supply is distributed throughout the city by two 
hundred miles of pipe, with nine hundred fire-plugs. The 

* From " The Stranger in Baltimore," lay J. F. Weisliampcl, Jr. A new edition of 
tliis capital little work is just going through the press, and Mr. W. has kindly sent 
us some of his revised sheets. It is cue of the neatest complications of the sort 
we ever saw 



286 MEMORIAL YOLIME. 

entire system will come into operation in September or Octo- 
ber of this year, and water will be abundant, it ought also 
to be cheaj). The entire cost of the system, from first to last, 
lias been about §ft,0U0,O00. On tliis basis and assuminir tliat 
population increases pari passu with expenses, water ouirht 
to be supplied to every inhabitant at a cost of IJ cents per 
one thousand gallons. 

Tlie Park system of Bjiltimore is all that Mr. Latrobe 
claims for it— probably more. Druid Hill Park is probably 
the finest in the world. But, in addition to the parks and 
squares enumerated by him in his account and containing 
seven hundred and .seventy-five acres, there is the Clifton 
estate of the Jolins Hopkins University, and Harlem, Lafa- 
yette, Franklin, Union, ^ladison and Jackson Squares, Eutaw 
Place, and the various public walks and places of the sort, 
aggregating at least four hundred and fifty more acres, all of 
which belong to the city so far as their use aiul enjoyment are 
the citizens'. 

vSo of our monuments, which do not need either guide book 
or description. They commemorate great events or great 
men in a signal and effective way, are never mean in design 
or tawdiy or commonplace in execution, but they are too 
familiar to call for description or index here. So of our cem- 
eteries, in Avhicli, indeed, s<ime of our gracefullest monuments 
are erected. But every one knoAvs of Greenmount, Loudoji 
Park, Baltimore Cemetery, Jlount Olivet, Western, Mount 
Carmol, Laurel, of the Cathedral Cemetery, Old St. Paul's, 
the Quaker buryiug-ground on Ai.squith street, and the Dun- 
kard's, on Paca street. No need to repeat these things. 

There are over three hundred church buildings in Balti- 
more, besides many lialls used by religious denominations. 
It is uncertain hoAv much room or how many seats all these 
are able to fumisli, or liow much property they own. The 
figures given on this subject in the ninth census are totally 
um-eliable. Those gathered for the tenth census luive not yet 
been compared or published. The City Directory, upon a 
careful exauaination, proves to be neither full nor accurate. 
If we had the figures of the tenth census, we would still give 
them, defective as they probably arc, judging by the compila- 



MEMOHI.VL VUlA'.Mi:. 287 

tion of tlic ninth; but it would be absurd to predicate any 
attempt at full or accurate statement upon tlie returns of the 
ninth census. It may bo observed here that if Baltimore 
were not already styled "the city of monuments," it would 
better deserve to be called "the city of churches" than 
Brooklyn, Avhich now enjoys that cognomen. To show this 
we have only to compare the statistics of churches of King's 
county, New York, which includes Brooklyn, with those of 
Baltimore county, Maryland, which includes Baltimore city, 
as displayed in the ninth census (ISTO.) Kelatively to popu- 
lation, the increase in churches during the decade is about the 
same in each county. We cannot give the figures for the 
cities separate from the counties, since the census was not 
taken that way. It may be stated, however, that while the 
population of Brooklyn in 1870 was 94 per cent, of the whole 
of King's county, that of Baltimore was only 80.9 of the whole 
of Baltimore county. 

Brooklyn, 94 per cent, of the population of King's county, 
had 276 congregations, 2G2 churches, 197,125 seats, §12,025,000 
property, for a total of 419,921 people. Baltimore county, of 
which Baltimore has 80.9 of total population, had 288 congre- 
gations, 289 church-edifices, seating 109,720 people in a popu- 
lation of 330,471. The Brooklyn churches were fewer, larger 
and more costly, yet they did not seat so large a proportion 
of the community as those of Baltimore. The Brooklyn 
churches, in fact, cost §28.60 per capita of the whole popula- 
tion, while the Baltimore churches cost §24.30 per capita. 
But then, on the other hand, while the Brooklyn churches 
had sitting room for only 47 per cent, of the people, those of 
Baltimore could accommodate 51 per cent. Baltimore had a 
church for each 1,167 of the population; Brooklyn only one 
for every 1,602. These figures show conclusively that Balti- 
more, not Brooklyn, is entitled to be called "the city of 
churches." 

The summary of the educational system of Baltimore, as 
given above, from Mr. Latrobe's report, is admirably complete 
as well as compact. It still is not historical but only munici- 
pal, and would seem to require a brief supplement. It would 
please us to be able to give — but for the fact that there are 



288 MEMOHIAL VOLUJIE. 

absolutely no data — some iifcoviut of tlie ''damos" prhools" 
wliifli preceded the refrular primary hcIiooIs, and of the Latin 
schools, often conducted (especially in the rural districts) by 
Irisli teacliers of clever scholarship, who taught book-keepintf 
and English history, as well as algebra and Latin, at the point 
of the ferule. A\'lieu the county grammar school and academy 
system began to be established, these men did good work. 
They were poor, irregular in habits, and still more irregular 
in temper, but they knew how to teach, and they did teach, 
many things, thoroughly. Tlie author recalls the history of 
many of these, sometimes told by sufferers who found it 
difficult to remember the good instructions given them under 
the irregular shower of blows accompanying, but much more 
often by elders who confe.'fsed that their impatience under 
stripes robbed them of many chances to get substantial 
knowledge. These were the old "school-masfers," a very 
different class, it will be confessed, from the school-/eac7/e/-« 
who succeeded them. 

Their schools, the dame schools, and some very few State 
institutions of a liigher order, constituted all the means for 
education which existed jirior to ISOO. St. John's College 
at Annapolis and "Washington College at Chestertown had 
indeed been endowed befoi-e that, and not very long after- 
wards, Georgetown College and I-^mmittsburg filed into the 
line. There were " county academies," select schools for gen- 
tlemen's sons, in nearly every county, and, in the case of 
Charlotte Hall, a county academy supported by the funds of 
St. Mary's, Cliarles and Calvert counties, the results were very 
successful, as they still continue to be. But, in 1851, when 
the present Avriter was preparing for college, there was no 
place where lie could "eat his commons," as H Baltimorean, 
besides "old St. Mary's" — and in a year or two this school, 
wliich had done .so much to give classical educations to our 
best youth, subsided into a "seminarium" and left our young 
men the option of Loyola College or some extra State institu- 
tion. 

These were good classical .schools — none better than '■ lialti- 
more College" — and good private schools — yet neither the 
State nor the city had any system of education. 15ut this was 



MEMOKIAI. VOLUME. 289 

remedied in 1S29, with tlie first establisliment of the coiniuon 
school system. That, which started in the Immblest way, has 
grown, flourished and branched until it includes every child, 
and the private schools have virtually perished before it. It 
takes in every child and its branches spread so wide that 
none need leave Baltimore, no matter how broad or how 
various his aspirations for general or special education may 
be. From the primary to the grammar school; from the 
grammar school to the Business College, the workshop, the 
School of Design, or the City College ; thence to the Univer- 
sity, to the Medical Colleges, the Law School, or the School of 
Theology— all may be had here in our midst, without even 
crossing beyond the city limits into the " Belt." 

Our Law School rests upon a firm foundation, compact of 
the best modern methods expounded by able and experienced 
practitioners. Our Medical Schools, old and well establislied, 
have always conjoined the ablest i)rofessors and demonstra- 
tors Avith hospitals which afforded the widest opportunities 
for the study of pathology and for clinical lectures. When, 
in the course of a few years, they are supplemented by the 
richly endowed Johns Hopkins Hospital and by the active 
studies in biology and chemistry pursued in the .Johns Hop- 
kins University, there is nothing to prevent them from 
becoming the best schools in the world. 

Tlie Johns Hopkins University, endowed with $3,000,000 of 
the hard earnings and careful savings of one of our greatest 
merchants, a man whose genius for trade, broad as that was, 
was yet narrow alongside his unerring conception of the 
proper uses of money, was formally opened to the work of 
higher education on February 22d, 1876. It has been faithful 
to its motto : VEraTAS, vos, liberabit. Its trustees have cor- 
dially responded to the high executive ability and tlie won- 
derful power and fertility of suggestion of its president, D. C. 
Gilman, and already, when not yet five years old, it stands 
before the world the best intellectual workshop in America— 
the accepted model of all more recent foundations. Its pro- 
fessors study while teaching; their discoveries are eagerly 
watched for by the scientific world, and they are continually 
making great and important contributions to the resources of 



290 MEMOJUAL VOLUME. 

philoloi,'}', inatlieinatics, physics, clieiaisti-y, biulo.iry, history 
and philosopliy. Tliere is not spare here to explain the deep 
and eoinpreliensive, broad and liberal, sound and practical 
plan of this admirable institution — a university indeed. The 
system of fellowships inaugurated by this university lias 
enal)led it to do much of its excellent work. In the Univer- 
sity circular for April, ISKO, this system is thus explained: 

" The system of fellowships was instituted for the purpose 
of affording to young men of talent from any place, an oppor- 
tunity to continue their studies in the Johns Hopkins I'niver- 
sity, while looking forward to positions as professors, teachei-s 
and investigators, or to other literary and scientific vocations. 
The appointments liave not been made as rewards for good 
work already done, but as aids and incentives to good work 
in the future; in other words, the fellowships arc not so much 
honors and prizes bestowed for past achievements, as helps to 
further progress and stepping-stones to honorable intellectual 
careers. They liave not been offered to those Avho are defi- 
nitely looking forward to the practice of either of the three 
learned professions, (though such persons have not been for- 
mally excluded from the competition), but have been bestowed 
almost exclusively on young men desirous of becoming 
teachers of science and literature, or determined to devote 
their lives to special branches of learning which lie outside of 
the ordinary studies of the lawyer, the physician and the 
minister. 

" Every candidate is expected to submit his college diploma 
or other certificate of proficiency from the institution where 
lie lias been taught, with recommendations from those who 
are cpialified to speak of his character and knowledge. But 
this is only introductory. He must also submit, orally or in 
writing, such evidence of his ]iast success in study, and of his 
plans for the future, together with such examples of his liter- 
ary or scientific work, as will enable the professors to judge 
of liis fitness for the post. The examination is indeed, in a 
certain sense, competitive; but not with uniform tests, nor by 
formal questions and answers submitted to the candidates. 
First, the head of a given department considei-s, with such 
counsel as he may conimaur' the applicant's record. The 



MEMORIAL VOLUMK. 291 

professors tlieii collectively deliberate on the nominations 
made by individnal members of tlieir body. The list npon 
Avhich they agree, with the reasons for it, is finally submitted 
by the president of the university to the executive commit- 
tee, and by them to the trustees for final registration and 
appointment. By all these precautions, the highest results 
which were anticipated have been secured. A company of 
most promising students has been brought together, and their 
ability as teachers and scholars has been recognized by the 
calls they have received to permanent and attractive posts in 
different parts of the country." 

The history of the beneficiaries up to that date is thus sum- 
marized : 

" Of the thirty-three appointed since instructions began in 
the university, fourteen commenced their career here as grad- 
uate students. The departments of study of those appointed 
were as follows: mathematics, 7; physics, 6; chemistry, 9; 
biology, 10; Greek, 8; comparative philology, 3; history and 
political science, 3; philosophy, including aesthetics, 4; engi- 
neering, 2; mineralogy, 1. Of thirty-three who have left, 
seventeen are now instructors in colleges and universities, 
(eight here and nine elsewhere); two are engaged as teachers in 
classical schools ; two are attached to the United States Coast 
Survey, and one to the United States Fish Commission ; one 
is attached to the ISIetropolitan ]\Iuseum of Art, in New York 
city; four others are engaged in the practice of professions 
other than teaching, (one chemist, one civil engineer, one 
physician, one lawyer); four are still pursuing their studies 
liere or abroad." 

The university supports four scientific journals of the 
highest class; it sustains, within its own organization, a Scien- 
tific Association, a Philological Association, an association for 
tlie pursuit of Historical and Political Science, a IMathemati- 
cal Seminary and a IMetaphysical club. It has a Naturalist's 
Field Club, and a Chesapeake Zoological Laboratory, which, 
under the very competent direction of Dr. W. K. Brooks, has 
found out how to tell us more about our "oyster f nudum" 
than was ever discovered by the ablest old "tongs' man" of 



292 MEMOHIAL VOIAMK. 

Taiigior's or tlie ino.st acconiplislied (jourmel at CJuy's. All 

this means work — work of that heroic sort which tlie poets 

delight to contemplate, as witness Sidney Lanier's Ode on 

Commemoration Day — 

"And licrc, O finer Pallas, long remain — 
Sit on these Maryland hills, and fix thy reign, 
And frame a fairer Athens than of yore 

In these blest bounds of Baltimore — 

Here, where the climates meet 
That each may make the other's lack complete — 
■Wliere Florida's soft Favouian airs beguile 
Tlie nipping North — where nature's powers smile — 
Where Cliesapeake holds frankly forth her hands 
Spread wide with invitation to all lands — 
Where now the eager people yearn to find 
The organizing hand that fast may bind 
Loose straws of aimless aspiration fain 

In sheaves of servicealjle grain — 

Here, old and new in one, 
Tlirough nobler cycles round a richer sun 

O'cr-rule our modern ways, 
O blest Jlinerva of these larger days! 
Call here thy congress of the great, the wise, 
The hearing ears, the seeing ej-cs — 
Enrich us out of every farthest clime — 
Yea, make all ages native to our time. 

Till thou the freedom of the city grant 

To each most antique habitant 
Of Fame- 
Bring Shakspeare back, a man and not a name — 
Let every player tliat shall mimic us 
In audience see old Godlike Acschylug — 
Bring Homer, Dante, Plato, Socrates — 
Bring Virgil fiom the visionary seas 
Of old romance — bring Milton, no more blind — 
Bring large Lucretius, with unmaniac mind — 
Bring all gold hearts and high resolved wills 
To be with us about these happy hills — 

Bring old Renown 
To walk familiar citizen of the town — 
Bring Tolerance, that can kiss and disagree — 
Bring Virtue, Houer, Truth, and Loyaltj' — 
Bring Faith that sees with undissembling eyes — 
Bring all large Loves and heavenly Charities — 
Till man seem less a riddle unto man 
And fair Utopia less Utopian, 
And many peojilcs call from shore to shore, 
The wiirUl has blimmed ar/ain, at Bidtimore .' " 

It means lionest work, too — as Prof. C. D. Morris, in one of 
Ills presentation addresses, has taken pains to explain. 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 293 

"Our matriculation standarcl," said he, "is placed, and will 
no doubt be kept at a liigh level, so that it may faii-ly be 
assumed that a student who passes it with credit is fully on 
a par with the average American sophomore. After .this the 
time that must elapse before the A. B. degree is reached is 
not with us determined by any hard and fast line. A definite 
amount of work is prescribed, which the student has to 
absolve, be the time longer or shorter. The one thing that is 
certain is that mere lapse of time will not help him in the 
slightest degree. But every encouragement is offered to the 
aole and diligent student to use his best efforts to put his 
work behind him as fast as he can ; while the student who, 
from unfavorable circumstances of any sort, is unable to use 
any great expedition, is not made to feel that he is left behind 
by his contemporaries in any sense that need lower his self- 
respect. 

" The result of this system is seen in the absolutely univer- 
sal diligence that pervades the -whole place. I have had con- 
siderable experimental acquaintance with other seats of 
learning, and I assert with the greatest confidence that in no 
place of which I have any knowledge is there anything like 
the universal spirit of work whic-h prevails here. We have 
students, no doubt, of various degrees of capacity and attain- 
ment; but I do not believe that the class of idlers is repre- 
sented here by a single specimen. 

" Of the three young men whose names I shall presently 
read, one has been thi-ee years with us, and eacli of the other.s 
tAVO years and a half, since the completion of their matricula- 
tion ; and in June last tlie degree was conferred on a student 
who had been here but two years. I wish to call special 
attention to these facts, as I think a misapprehension exists 
as to the length of time required for graduating here. One 
result of this comparative shortness of undergraduate time is 
seen in the fact that our students do not think it necessary to 
leave us as soon as they have gained their A. B. Of the three 
who graduated in June, two are still studying here; and I 
believe that it is the intention of the tliree whom I am to pre- 
sent to-night to do the same thing." 



294 MEMOKFAI, VDfAMK. 

LIBRAKIES OF BALTIMORE.* 



PEABOUY IXSTITUTE LIBRARY. 
Mr. P. R. Uhlir, Librarian. 

Thi.s library was foimdi'd in 1857 by Mr. George Peabody, 
as a part of the institute which bears his name. The collec- 
tion was begun in 18G1, and it was opened to the public in 
ISGti, witli a nucleus of 10,000 volumes. It now contains G7,.srjO 
volumes, representing every branch of literature and science, 
of which about one-tenth are works of fiction. It is especially 
rich in large and costly works of science and art, which but 
few private libraries can afford, and in some departments is 
better jirovided tlian any other in the country. It is a library 
for reading and reference only. 

The new hall, in the east wing of the institute, when- its 
stores are now assembled, is admirably designed, Ijoth for 
beauty and convenience. The cases are arranged in alcoves 
with double windows, so that whenever the growth of the 
library may require it, the number of cases, and consequently 
the storage capacity of the hall, can be doubled. 

The reading-room is open to the public from 9 a. m. to i\ 
M. In this room are arranged encyclopaedias, dictionaries and 
other works of general reference, which readers can consult 
at pleasure; while books from the alcoves are brought as 
desired by the assistants. The work of building up the 
library is steadily carried on. 

LIBRARY OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS I-XIVER-SriY. 
Dr. Wui. n.ind Browne, Librarian. 
This library has four departments — 

(a.) A general reference collection of books, including not 
only cyclopaedias and dictionaries, but copies of the works of 
great authors, ancient and modern, in different branches of 
literature and science. 

(6.) Several special collections of books, wliicli have been 
bought as the working apparatus of those dei)artments of 
♦Abstract of uu article i)rei)arc(l l)y Dr. Wm. II. Browne. 



MKJroniAL VOLUME. 295 

study now instituted among us, from lists which have been 
furnished by the several instructors. 

(c.) A transient collection of neio books, P^nglish, French 
and German, brought here for examination as soon as pub- 
lished, sometimes by purchase, and sometimes by the cour- 
tesy of dealers. 

{(l.) A very full collection of current periodical literature, 
so selected as to supplement the lists of the Peabody, the 
Mercantile liibrary and other reading-rooms of Baltimore. 

It was desired to make the library so far encyclopaedic, that 
no profitable branch of independent study or reflection could 
be entered upon, to which at least some clue or guide miglit 
not be found hero to heliJ the student on liis way. To secure 
this twofold end, there has been establislied a small but com- 
pact library of general reference, and a series of special libra- 
ries for each department of work, arranged, as far as possible, 
on the plan of keeping kindred subjects, such as mathematics 
and physics, closely together. 

In order that the university, in all its branches, may keep 
fully abreast of the rapid progress of thought and discovery, 
a large proportion of the leading journals in the chief depart- 
ments of knowledge are taken. 

The library at present contains 7,800 bound volumes and 
about 800 unbound, including pamphlets, but not periodicals. 

The number of periodicals taken, exclusive of the issues 
of publication societies, is 265, of which 26 are received in 
exchange for journals proceeding from the university, 7 are 
gratuitous, and 232 are subscribed for. They are published in 
England, Scotland, France, Germany, Austria, Holland, Bel- 
gium, Italy, Greece, India and the United States, and repre- 
sent all the leading branches of knowledge and literature. A 
printed list of the periodicals taken by the principal libraries 
of Baltimore has been published by the university. 

The library is open to all members of the university from 9 
A. y\. till 10 I'. M., and books may be taken out, under certain 
limitations, for reading at home. The reading-room is large 
and well lighted, and contains the general reference library 
and current files of periodicals, while the rooms containing 



296 MKMOUIAL VOIAMK. 

the special libraries are open to all who i)refer to carry on 
their studies tliere. Readers have free access to all the 
shelves and to the card-catalogue, which is kept always com- 
l)lete to date. 

LIBRARY COMPANY OF THE BALTIMORE BAR. 
Mr. J. Holmes Converse, Librarian. 

This company, which is a voluntary association of members 
of the Baltimore Bar, was incorporated by an Act of Assembly 
in 1840. It is supported altogether by subscription, the yearly 
payment being ten dollars. It is used for reference Qnly ; but 
books from its shelves may be carried into the courts and 
there referred to as needed. The affairs of the company are 
managed by a president and board of five directors, elected 
annually. 

The present member.ship is 327. The number of volunios 
is nearly 8,000, including almost complete sets of the English 
and American reports, and most of the latest text-books. It 
is open every day, except on Sundays and legal holidays, from 
9 A. M. to 11 p. M. during ten months of the year, and in July 
and August from 9 a. m. to G p. ji. 

LIBRARY OF THE MARYLAND HI.STORICAL SOCIETY. 
Mr. J. W. M. Lcc, Librarian ; Mr. J. G. Gatcliell, Assistant Librarian. 

This society was founded in 1844. In 185.5 its library, 
which, though not large, Avas a very valuable collection, was 
increased by the transfer to it of tlie books of the Library 
Company of Baltimore. It now contains 15,000 volumes and 
2,000 pamphlets. 

This collection is especially ricli in the department of 
history — general. State and local. It is also well supplied 
with works of voyages and travels, and the leading writers on 
political science; has a good collection of maps, and veiy full 
files of newspapers. Beside these, the other departments of 
knowledge are fairly well represented, and it posse.sses many 
rare works and bibliographical curiosities. Among its manu- 
script collections it includes many valuable papers, chiefly 
bearing upon the history of the State. 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 29'^ 

The rooms are open daily from 10 a. m. to 2 p. u. Tlie mem- 
bersliii) subscrii^tion is Ave dollars yearly ; but all students or 
otliers seeking information are made welcome to the rooms, 
and every assistance rendered them in their researches. 

When the Maryland Historical Society was founded, there 
was incorporated in its charter a gallery of the Fine Arts; 
and when it united with the old Libraiy Company and the 
Mercantile Library Association in the erection of the present 
Athenaeum building at the corner of St. Paul and Saratoga 
streets, the uppermost of the three stories was appropriated 
to it on account of the facility of having there a picture gal- 
lery some fifty-two feet square, of a proper height, with a 
large skylight, and with adjacent roonis for the other pur- 
poses of the society. Here, year after year, exhibitions were 
held, the profits of which were devoted to the purchase of 
admirable copies by eminent artists of the masterpieces of 
the world — the Madonna of St. Sixtus, of Raphael, the Notte, 
of Corregio, the Communion of St. Jerome, of Domenichino, 
the Peter Martyr, of Titian, and the Marriage of Cana, of Paul 
Veronese. These still remain upon its walls, along with 
numbers of other paintings, original and copies, given or 
loaned by their owners to the society or deposited for safe- 
keeping — the whole forming a collection in charge of a custo- 
dian, and open to the public gratuitously, daily, from 10 until 
4 o'clock, and on Sundays from 2 luitil 4 o'clock. The visi- 
tors, both during the week and on Sundays, a-re numerous. 
In connection with it there is a collection of plaster models 
of the most renowned of the statues of antiquity. The gal- 
lery is open to copyists, who are at all times to be seen at 
work there; and the use of the rooms has been accorded to 
the Decorative Art Society, Avhose numerous pupils, under the 
care of an experienced and accomplished instructor, have the 
benefit of the collections of painting and sculpture of the 
Historical Society. When the Library Company was merged 
in the Historical Society, the latter moved from its rooms in 
the third story of the building down into those occupied by 
the former in the second, leaving the whole of the third story 
to art. 



298 MKMOHIAL VOLUME. 

MEKCAXTII.K LIlUtAliV ASSOriATIOX. 
Mr. J. \V. M. Lcc, Lilirarian. 

This association was organized in 1839, more espefially for 
the advantage of clerks and others employed in business 
houses, though the use of the books was extended to all 
members of the connnunity, on the payment of a slightly 
increased subscription. It has grown steadily, if not rapidly, 
and now numbers ;iG,OUO volumes in all departments of litera- 
ture. It is Avell supplied with works of biogi'aphy, history 
and travels, and possesses many valuable and uncommon 
books relating to American history. It has also a fine collec- 
tion of P'nglish literature of the seventeenth and eighteenth 
centuries. Being a circulating library, it includes, of course, 
a large ])roportion of works of fiction. Its pamphlet collec- 
tion now numbers about 12,000, being particularly full in 
pamphlets relating to the State and city, and in publications, 
official and others, of the late Confederate States. 

The reading-room is supplied witli the leading American 
and foreign periodicals. The rooms, at the corner of Saratoga 
and St. Paul streets, are open daily from 9 a. m. to 10 p. >f. 

The price of the stock is five dollars per share, with yearly 
dues of three dollars. Non-stockholders pay a subscription 
of five dollars i)er year; three dollars, six months: two dol- 
lars, thi'ee months. 

lihuakv <if tiik .\iai;vi.a.M) institutk. 
Mr. A. F. Lusliy, Librarian. 

From the foundation of this institution, in 1848, the library 
has been one of its leading features. The first design was 
that it should be e.specially rich in books of reference and 
instruction bearing upon the mechanic arts, as it was to pro- 
mote those that the institute had been founded. Before long, 
however, it was plainly seen that to attract subscriptions a 
more miscellaneous and popular character must be given to 
the collection, and consequently, at pre.sent more than four- 
fifths of its contents are works of fiction. 

This library now contains al>out 19,000 volumes, and circu- 
latori about SOO weekly. Its use is limited to members of the 



MEMORIAL VOLUM?:. 299 

institute, the iiioinborsliip subscription being five rlollars 
yearly for men, and three for women and children. 

J.lBKAIiY OF THE MEDICAL AND CHIRUKGICAE FACULTY. 
Dr. .1. D. Fiske, Librarian. 

The association to Avhicli this library belongs, and with 
wliich it is co-existent, was founded in 1799. It is sujiported 
by the annual appropriation of about one-third of the mem- 
bership dues. The bound volumes number about 3,000, but 
most of the expenditure is for periodicals, of which thirty- 
three are taken. The collection of books is gradually increas- 
ing, chiefly by gift. IMembers are entitled to take out -books 
for a fortnight, with privilege of renewal. The library is 
open, at 122 West Fayette street, from G a. ji. to 9 p. m. 

SOUTH BALTIJIOKE MECIIAXICs' LIBRARY. 
Mr. "W. S. Harrington, Librarian. 

In the year 1859, when the volunteer fire companies of the 
city were superseded by the present organization, a number 
of citizens of South Baltimore, thinking a circulating library 
in that section of the city a desirable thing, especially for 
mechanics and their families, formed themselves into a 
library association, and fitted up for their purpose a disused 
engine-house at No. 158 IMontgomery street. 

This library has about 2,000 volumes, with an average daily 
circulation of twenty. It is open every evening, except Sat- 
urdays, from 7 to 10. The annual subscription is one dollar, 
and adult subscribers have a voice and vote in the adminis- 
tration. The present membership is about 150, and the 
library, according to the librarian's account, barely holds its 
own. 

LIBRARY OF THE INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOM'S. 
Mr. A. T. King, Librarian. 

This library was founded in 1840, and is supported by pro 
rata contributions from the funds of the various lodges and 
encampments. It is a library of circulation as well as refer- 
ence, and is open to all members of the order in the city. It 



300 MKMOHIAL VOLrMK. 

coiitaiiis about 20,500 voliiino;^, of wliicli s.ooo are German, 
ami about one-fourth of the whole are works of fiction. 

Tlie readers of this library average 7J daily, and it circu- 
lates about 400 volumes a week. The hours of admission are 
from 7 to 10 p. m., from Monday to Friday. 

CONCORDIA CLUB LIBRARY. 
Mr. G. Sfliwcgendcck, Librarian. 

The Concordia, a German club, was founded in 1850, and a 
library for tlie use of its members was included in its organ- 
ization. This library contains about ;i,500 volumes, cliiefiy 
German works. A number of leading journals and period- 
icals, both German and American, are taken. The member- 
sliip subscription is thirty dollars yearly, including the use of 
tlie library and the right to take out books. The library is 
open from 1 to 2:30 p. m., Tuesdays and Fridays, in the Con- 
cordia building, 10 South Eutaw street. 

There are accessible, under various conditions, to readers in 
Baltimore, about 197,450 volumes, located as follows: 

VOl-S. 

Peabody Institute Library 67,850 

Johns Hopkins University Library 8, GOO 

Maryland Historical Society Library 17,000 

Mercantile Library 4S ,000 

I'altimore Bar Library 8,000 

Medical and Chirnrgical Faculty Libraiy :i,000 

Maryland Institute Library Ut,000 

Odd-Fellows' Jiibrary 20,500 

Concordia Club Library ;J,500 

South Baltimoi-e Mechanics' Library 2,000 

Total 1!)7,450 

^fore than GOO different periodicals are also received at the 
libraries above mentioned. 

There are, besides those above enumerated, a number of 
minor libraries attached to schools, churches and other insti- 
tutions, or maintained by subscription in various parts of 
the city. 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 301 

The Poabody Institute is mucli more tlian a mere library 
for reference, carefully arranged, a store-liouse for those pur- 
suing literary research. ;Mr. Peabody's broad mind, in alli- 
ance with his liberal and noble heart, took in the idea that 
culture meant more than any one tiling. Goethe's aphorism 
that " Thought expands but lames, action animates but nar- 
rows," seems to have made a deep impression upon his mind. 
He recognized the ancient division of true education into the 
Humanities, and strove to be guided by the old schoolmen's 
definition of the Quadrivium : "Grammatica loquitur; Dlvlec- 
TicA vera docet; Riietoeica verha color at; Musica canit; 
Arithmetica numerat; Geo^ietbia ponderat; Astroxomia colif 
astra." He thought that grammar, dialectics, rhetoric, arith- 
metic, geometry and astronomy might be trusted to the 
library and the lectures provided for by him, but music and 
the fine arts were not so safe. He therefore made special 
provisions for a conservatory of music and for a gallery of 
paintings and sculpture as part of the educational fund of the 
Baltimore which he so faithfully loved, and, just as his wise 
instinct showed him would be the case, the art-teaching of the 
Peabody Institute, endowed with the great banker's millions, 
and liberally equipped with a splendid building and growing 
galleries and library, is playing its part as a branch of the 
coming great university of Baltimore. It is also training the 
men and women who Avill be the painters and sculptors of the 
future — the men and women who will furnish cultivated 
voices and trained orcliestral talent for the service of the nas- 
cent Oratorio Society which is to revive in our happy city the 
glorious musical contests of the INIimiesingers at the old-time 
Provencal courts. 

The High Schools and City Colleges will help to feed the 
Jolms Hopkins University, and it must be the Avork of the 
Maryland Institute to supply pupils to the Teclmological 
School which is assuming shape at Annapolis and the Art 
Academy coming into being at the Peabody. The School of 
Design at this institute, which is already more than tliirty 
years old, is doing good Avork in a thorough way, and it must 
be recognized and encouraged, ]\Ir. S. T. Wallis has told us, 



302 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

in liis charming mainior, lio\v this iiistituto anrl its gold medal 
made an artist of William II. liinehart. We may expect its 
School of Design, its library and its annual exhibitions to 
make artists of many of our youtli Avho might otherwise 
graduate; as low mechanics or idlers and corner rowdies. If 
a young man finds that there is some aspiration in him, 
sometliing lie wants to do and delights in doing out of the 
common, and that there is a place where lie can learn all tliat 
men know about it, and where he can be taught that extent 
of knowledge — Heavens! how proudly, faithfully, ■wonder- 
fully he will work! Tlie ^laryland Institute is such a place, 
or, if it is not, it can readily be made .so. 

Mr. A\'allis, in the address to which reference has just been 
made, does not tliink our IJaltimoreans to be liberal givers. 
He says: "The truth undoubtedly is, that the past history of 
Baltimore, and, indeed, of ^Maryland, has not been one of lib- 
erality to institutions of benevolence or education or general 
usefulness. I do not speak of legLslativo or municipal liber- 
ality, nor is citlior in my mind. I speak of individual liber- 
ality — of the willingness of our citizens to contribute, of their 
own means and according to their means, to such institutions 
as I have described — institutions which cannot bo used for 
patronage, for power or for influence, and from wliich he who 
gives them endowment can expect no other return than that ' 
which comes to him in conunon with the rest of tlie commu- 
nity, fiitil of late years it is true that we have had among 
us but few really great fortunes. Even now the number is, of 
course, far smaller in Ealtimoi-e than in many other cities — 
less, in fact, than in several of its own class and population. 
But the community has always been a prosperous one when it 
chose to be, and no one remembers tlie time when there were 
not rich men among us who had abundance and to spare. It 
. is a city of very large wealth to-day, and there is great ability 
to give among its people — supix)sing always the desire to 
give. And yet Ave can readily count upon our fingers all the 
large endowments which have ever been bestowed upon 
public institutions in Baltimore. One would be sorry to 
think and should be slow to believe tliat this has arisen from 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 303 

a greater unwillingness to part with money than exists else- 
where. In many ways our peoi)lo are proverbially free- 
handed, and we all know how prodigally at times their 
money has followed their sympathies. Tlieir backwardness 
in the matter to which I am referring arises very obviously, 
it seems to me, from other causes." 

But this is a narrow view of the case, after all, for in no 
place is endowed benevolence greater than in Baltimore. 
The grain wliich is sowed broadcast over a wide area may 
not sliow conspicuously as that which is gathered in lofty 
granaries and elevators, but it measures more, nevertheless, 
and does uiore good. 

Baltimore is strong and rich in many possessions, richest in 
its precious homes and home-life and tlie influences which 
go out from these in radiant emanations, touching every 
social feature of the beloved city with a genial, kindly glow. 
In tlie homes of Baltiuiore are bred and cherished those hos- 
pitable instincts of our people which are as well known 
abroad and the wide world over as the fame of our beautiful 
women. In the homes of Baltimore are nursed those instan- 
taneous impulses of our citizens to charity Avhich adorn the 
city with a higher, more gracious and spiritual beauty than 
the blue sky which bends over it and the bright sunshine 
which gilds its domes and lights up its shapely spires. In 
tliese homes, from the earliest period of the city's history, 
her grateful sons have learned the crucial lesson of benevo- 
lence, that the giver is blessed in giving, and they make haste 
to prove their sense of its value by bestowing their goods 
upon the city and its institutions and people as far as their 
means allow. 

The community gives as it is given to, freely and lavishly, 
and the open hand of Baltimore's benevolence has touched 
heart-strings to gratitude throughout the uttermost parts of 
the globe. The beneficent actions of individuals have reacted 
upon the entire fabric of society, and these, conjoined with 
the genially hospitable tendencies of our people and their 
talents for social gatherings and social interchange, have 
made Baltimore the centre and headquarters of social benevo- 



3U4 Mi;.M()KIAI- V<JLrME. 

lent orders aiicl ortranizations — some secret, pome religions — of 
Mliicli tlie parades of Wednesday, Thursday and Friday 
afforded abundant illustrations. Yet, though they were long 
as the length of all our streets and wide as their width, they 
could not compass by long odds the whole extent of the city's 
organized benevolence. 

The collective, organized and endowed charity of Baltimore, 
as represented by its hospitals, asylums, "homes," institutions 
and societies of every sort, is certainly very large, and no less 
surprising is the amount of money applied to its support and 
the animal income which is disbursed by it. The last pub- 
lished volume of the City Directory contained a list, not by 
any means fully complete, of the institutions, establishments 
and societies of this sort. There are over a hundred of these 
which are given by name, with mention of the sphere of use- 
fulness and beneficence which they seek to fill. The list 
includes sixteen dispensaries where medical advice and medi- 
cine may be had for the asking by the needy and destitute. 
It includes a dozen hospitals and infirmaries of a general 
character, besides establishments for the relief of special dis- 
eases. There are thirty or forty asylums — nearly all with 
delightful significance called "homes" — where orphans and 
the aged, the infirm and helpless in mind and body may be 
cared for and lioused, and as many benevolent societies, some 
of which have special supportei*s and subscribers, some are 
endowed with lil)eral permanent funds, and others derive 
their income from the general public benevolence, which does 
not look upon frequent contributions as a tax levied, but as a 
thank-offering freely and gladly rendered. 

These are in addition, as a rule, to the more immediate 
work of the numerous churches and religious societies in 
their own particular circles and congregations. This broad 
hand of a liberal and comprehensive benevolence touches the 
needy membei's of society and leaves .scarcely any unprovided 
for and destitute. It acts upon the community, likewise, in 
such a way that no sooner is a case of distress discovered and 
made known, be; it in our own midst or in Europe, Asia or 
Africa, than kind hearts hasten to the rescue. Collections 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 305 

are made, fairs lield, subscriptions opened, and money pours 
in as water flowed from tlie rock wlien the propliet's rod 
smote it. 

The organized institutions of benevolence in ]5altimore are 
not only well endowed, but characterized by a broad and com- 
prehensive scope and purpose. Kot alms-giving, but charity 
is their aim; not so much temporary as permanent relief; not 
merely the penny and crust, but the sandals and stafl' to the 
way-worn pilgrim, who needs not only present succor, but the 
helping hand that lifts and elevates. In this respect our 
institutions of this class do an incalculable amount of good 
in the cominunity. No one who watched the procession of 
Monday could have failed to be struck by the exhibition 
made by the St. Mary's Industrial School and the pupils of 
the House of Refuge, and to recognize a sort of education in 
progress in these institutions which " looks before and after," 
and teaches its recipients the folly and futility of "ijining for 
what is not." These are the institutions which pi'event the 
foul blotches upon the crowded, festering civilization of our 
cities from spreading and contaminating the whole mass; 
which take the crippled and stunted and wretched vice- 
shackled starvelings of our garrets and alleys and transform 
them into men and women, putting knowledge and capacity 
in their brains, and giving their hands the mastery of a trade 
and the independence and free place in the world which are 
gained thereby. These two schools are but typesof a dozen 
of the same sort which are part of the riches of Baltimore. 
Some of theni are the products of individual beneficence and 
private endowment; others have attained tlieir rounded per- 
fection and usefulness through the matured and deliberate 
exertions of societies and collective beneficence. Some of 
these institutes are moral hospitals, which treat poor maimed 
souls and deeply wounded spiritual natures in the same inci- 
sive way — compact of firmness and kindness mingled — that 
our surgeons use in dealing with the wounds and impos- 
thumes of the body. Their sacred ofiices are pursued in 
silence and secrecy, but the many poor souls whom they have 
restored to society, to duty and to honorable labor hold them 



306 MEMOUIAL VOLUME. 

in ^Tatitiidc wliich is deep eiiougli to recompense even such 
deeds as these. 

Tliere is a most excellent and nsefnl co-oi)eratlon and divi- 
sion of labor in the cliarities and benevolence of Baltimore. 
Each fills its own jjrivate si)liere, and does its part in the gen- 
eral work with as little clash and collision as possible. The 
different religious sects recognize that after all there is but 
one type of humanity, one color of blood, one meaning of 
charity and gratitude in all this Avorld. They work together, 
and the different institutions work with them, like the bees, 
wliicli, euch framing its particular cell, yet contrive the .sym- 
metrical fabric of a perfect comb, the honey in which is abun- 
dant and sweet to every lip. The private and individually 
endowed institutions take what these cannot reach, and thus 
a complete cycle of charities results, wliich crowns fair Bal- 
timore like a halo about the brow of a saint. In this system 
none are neglected. The virtuous are cared for, but the 
vicious and depraved are not passed by. The deformed, the 
blind, the deaf mutes, the idiotic and imbecile, the maimed, 
the halt, are all included in this comprehensive system; the 
waif is gathered in and the wanderer taught the nature and 
beauties of home-life. 

The liome-life of Baltimore, which has given birth to so 
much of Baltimore's collective benevolence, has also been the 
leading inspiration of private and individual beneficence in 
our midst. The extent to which this class of charities has 
been carried l)y Baltimoreans lias not been known as it should 
be. "Cheerful givers" have abounded among us from the 
town's earliest days. Dr. Stevenson, who did so much towai'ds 
building up Baltimore town before the Revolution, converted 
his fnu; mansion on Jones' Falls into a small-pox hospital, 
thus giving up his i)roj)erty to the public. In the yellow 
fever seasons of ISOO and ISli), and the cholera season of 1832, 
all the people who staj'ed at home became nui*ses and kept 
open houses. The spirit of Baltimore's givers when they 
endowed its charities and public institutions is very clearly 
reflected by that positive old mercliant, A\'illiam Patterson, 
the father of Madame Bonaparte, who gave to the city the 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 307 

nucleus of what is now Patterson's Park. In liis will, flated 
Auf,nist, 1827, he said: "In the course of an active and exten- 
sive pursuit in coumierce for more than half a century, it now 
affords me some pleasure to believe and to say that in the 
course of that time I haee made the fortu lies of some, saved 
others from ruin, and hane found employment and bread for 
thousands of my fellow-mortals P This has been the motto 
of our princely benefactors from Stevenson down. 

Those benefactors have been numerous enough, so many, in 
fact, that the names of some of them have slipped almost 
out of general memory. Our citizens recollect and know of 
George Peabody and Johns Hopkins, of Thomas "Wilson, Moses 
Shepherd and John McDonogh, but how many can tell about 
Henry Watson and Samuel Ready, of John Oliver and the 
founder of the Colvin Institute? Yet the endowments of the 
four charities instituted by these exceeded $600,000. Over 
thirteen million dollars has been given to the city of Balti- 
more and its benevolent institutions by men who can be 
counted upon tlie fingers of two hands. The permanent 
endowment funds, bestowed in smaller sums to accomplish 
the same purposes, have amounted to more than double that 
sum, while the annual moneys given to charitable institu- 
tions, and not including church charities nor the disburse- 
ments of the poor association, amount to at least as much 
as the income derived from these permanent funds. This 
appears like an enormous aggregate, but it is by no means 
overstated. The impulse to give, and give liberally, has, by 
a process of natural selection, the survival of the fittest, and 
the contagious influence of repeated and inherited example, 
become the habit and characteristic of the community. The 
men who defended Baltimore, who fought for it, who built it 
up, and who got rich by the fruits of their industry exercised 
in its trades and occupations, could not spend their wealth 
upon it too lavishly. They felt it a duty and a pleasure to 
deck forth the city of their pride and their affection like a 
bride. Tliese were the sons of the men who tithed their 
estates over and over again in aid of the war of the Revolu- 
tion; they were the men who assessed their fortunes to 
defend Baltimore in 1814; they were the fathers of the men 



308 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 

who plpcltrofl their entire earuinirs to the construction of the 
iJaltiniore and Oliio Railroad, actually embarking with bold- 
ness and confidence upon an enterprise which cost more to 
complete it tlian tlie whole property of tlie city amounted to 
when it was begun. It was the mothers of these men \yho 
turned the ball-room in Lafayette's honor in 1780 into a 
tailor shop to make clothes for his soldiers ; and their grand- 
daughtei-s and great-granddaughters are not behind them, as 
the sanitary commission and Southern relief fairs will abun- 
dantly testify, rienty of men can be found who will give 
their last $-500 to aid a patriotic cause, but not .so many cai)a- 
ble of cutting out 500 pair of soldiers' trowsei-s in a ball-room. 
That did David Foe's wife, a Baltimore lady, for Lafayette's 
brave ragamuffins. 

John Eager Howard, after defending tlie country and the 
State in one war and lending four of his sons to the battles of 
another, gave some of the best parts of his estate to the 
embellishment of Baltimore. His lands furnished, free of 
cost, the site of A\"as]ungton's Monument and the Lexington 
market. "When these men thouglit a public improvement was 
needed they advocated it, and with them to advocate an 
improvement or an institution meant to contribute towards it 
likewise. It was this sort of men who founded the Maryland 
Institute. It was tlieir fathers Avho built the wharves and 
docks along the basin, who establislied our engine-liouses as 
well as our churches. Every new tide of prosperity and 
wealth has been tithed by our liberal citizens in the shape of 
new endowments, new fomidations, new charities, new public 
works. The spirit of ]>]iilaiit]irophy has been abroad since 
the city's foundation, and it is to-day as active in benevo- 
lence, as princely in giving, and far more sagacious in tlie 
character of its gifts than ever before. 

An early and wasteful form of securing these endowments 
was by means of lotteries. This was long the favorite plan 
for procuring funds for the promotion of public undertakings. 
It was based on false ideas of political economy, and, as has 
been said, was wasteful, making tlie poor poorer and promo- 
ting a spirit of speculation and gambling. Still, by means of 
it every person in the community became a contributor to 



MEMOKIAL VOLUME. 309 

the largest enterprises, and tlio system, not having become 
disreputable, was not yet tainted Avitli fraud. To tlie lottery 
we owe the completion of the Cathedral and the Washington's 
monument, the old Masonic Hall and nearly all our market- 
houses, the Medical College on Lombard street, and the lii-st 
City Hall on Holliday street. 

It may be thought necessary to enumerate some of these 
humane institutions. The first almshouse of Baltimore was 
badly located. Its site was the cause of the deflection of 
streets beginning at the Richmond market. The property, 
Mr. Wm. Lux's, was bought for ^350 and occupied the square 
formed by Eutaw, Biddle, Garden and Madison streets. This 
was occupied in 1773 and burned in 1776, rebuilt and retained 
until 1816, when the Calverton estate of Dennis A. Smith, Avas 
secured. In 1866, when the city and county had long since 
dissolved partnership, the Bayview property was bought of 
the Canton Company and the present handsome almshouse 
erected there. The site of the old almshouse is now occupied 
in part by the Hebrew Orphan Asylum, a noble and very suc- 
cessful charity. 

The House of Refuge and the St. IMary's Industrial School 
have already been spoken of. A similar institution for negro 
children exists at Cheltenham, in Prince George's county. 

The ^Maryland Hospital for the Insane was incorporated in 
1798, and established on ground which now forms part of the 
Johns Hopkins Hospital property. About 1850, Dr. Richard 
S. Steuart, who had been at the head of the old Maryland 
Hospital for many years, conceived the idea of purchasing 
ground at a distance from the city for the erection of an 
insane asylum. Contributions were collected. One hundred 
and thirty-six acres of land were purchased in the neighbor- 
liood of Catonsvil-le, and given to the State for the purpose. 
In 1852, work was commenced upon the structure, under the 
supervision of Dr. Steuart and a building committee, con- 
sisting of Judge Dobbin, J. Howard McHenry, Dr. James A. 
Steuart, A. Bowie Davis and Frank Howard. From time to 
time the different Legislatures made appropriations aggrega- 
ting ^.400,000, and a plain, massive and substantial edifice has 
arisen, which is likely to prove a benefit to generations yet 



310 MEMOIUAL A'OLUME 

unborn. It is conptrnrtcd of KUioott city f,'Tanito, very neatly 
finislied. Tlie building is three stories in heiirht, with an 
attic. The wings recede from tlie uiaiu building, and form in 
tlie rear a kind of open liexagon. Tlie entire structure is five 
hundred feet in length, and is built to accommodate comfort- 
ablj' three liundi'cd persons, though a much larger number 
could be cared lor without interfering with the discipline of 
the institution. The main building is prepared for the quar- 
ters of the ofiicers and the convalescent cases of lunacy. To 
the left and right, the cells of the more violent patients are 
situated. lietAveen these and the milder lunatics a number of 
apartments, laimdries, water-closets and bath-rooms intervene 
to break the unpleasant noises, and cause a complete separa- 
tion of the two clas.ses. In the extremities of the wings the 
raving patients are confined. All the floors are tlioroughly 
provided with laundries, wash-rooms, water-closets and bath- 
ing apparatus. The rooms are spacious and. well ventilated, 
and the corridors ample for enjoyments, and will give that 
air of freedom which so few asylums po.ssess. 

In addition to tliese we might name, but really have no 
space to describe, tlie ^laryland Prisoners' Aid Association, 
the Society for Improving tlie Condition of the Poor — than 
which none has done more good in our midst. As its report 
for 1805 specifies: 

" The aim of the Association for Improving the Condition 
of Poor is what its name iniiiorts, to aid the poor — not to sup- 
port them. Our agents visit, and see for themselves, the 
needs and condition of applicants for relief, ere they relieve 
them. Those who are found to be really miable to support 
themselves are aided at once with what they most need, 
either fuel, food, clothing or medicine. They do not expend 
the bounty of the charitable upon imposters; but it is their 
duty — and they do it — to see that the money so freely and 
trustfully given is worthily bestowed and its benefits not lo.st 
to the really necessitous by being expended upon those who 
are able to live without it. And herein lays the great secret 
of practical philanthroi)y. How many there are in our com- 
munity who think that they are exercising real charity, in 
giving indiscriminately to every applicant for relief. Did 



MEMOHIAI. VOLUME. 311 

these but pay tlie same amount into our association, tliey 
would find tluit only such as wave true and proper objects for 
relief would be benefited, and their money prove indeed a 
blessing, where too often, by injudicious almsgiving, it 
becomes a curse, by enabling the unknown beggar to brutalize 
himself with drink, and whilst in this state to abuse his wife 
and children. AVho gives to us to be expended by our agents, 
has a moral certainty that his alms will fill no di-unkard's 
mouth with whiskey — but rather a mother's mouth with 
bread. It will warm no inebriate's head with the fevered 
fires of intemperance ; but it will wann the shivering form of 
girlhood and of womanhood, aye, and too often those of 
widowhood, who have been bereft by war and disease of those 
who would have worked for their support, had they been 
spared to do so. There are hundreds, thousands, of such de- 
serving poor within the limits of our growing city! Poor, 
shrinking, modes'" wing women and girls, who live on scanty 
wages, JTist sufficient to buy food, but not enough to buy fuel 
and clothing— women who do not seek you— but who must be 
sought out either by you or yom- agents, or else suffer hunger, 
cold, or sickness." 

Then, there is the Blind Asylum on Boundary aveime, the 
Baltimore Orphan Asylum on Strieker street, which has been 
in active existence since 1801; the Childi-en's Aid Society, 
founded in 1SG4; the Boys' Home; the German Orphan Asy- 
lum; the Soldiers' Home; the jMcDonogh School; the Balti- 
more ;Manual Labor School ; the Infants' Hospital ; the Society 
for the relief of the Indigent Sick; the Union Protestant 
Infirmary; the Aged Women's and Aged ]\Ien's H«mes; the 
various national beneficiary societies; the Young Men's 
Christian Association, &c. 

The beneficent and secret " societies " and " orders " of Balti- 
more deserve a chapter to themselves. This city has always 
been peculiarly distinguished for the interest which its citi- 
zens take in "societies" and "orders," the wganization of 
which, Avhether secret or open, is social and ceremonial, and 
the purposes of which are friendly and benevolent. Such 
societies have always flourished here, and, in proportion to 
population, their Baltimore membership is perhaps larger 



312 MEMOIUAL VOLUME. 

titan that contriljiitod by any other city. Tlii? proceeds from 
the fact tliat we are peculiarly a social conununity, and accus- 
tomed to hrliif,' the principle of association to bear upon the 
development of our enterprises. From the earliest period 
Maryland, and particularly Annapolis, was renowned for its 
many .social clubs. This sort of spirit made the introduction 
of societies with a ceremonial ritual, a reijular day of meeting, 
and a plan of benevolent care for and relief of its members, 
an easy and natural process. 

The ancient and venerable order of Freemasons was early 
established in our midst. There was a lodge in the country 
in 17:3:3, from which a Maryland lodge soon sprung up. The 
war of the revolution partly disorganized this, but in 1783 the 
Grand Lodge of Maryland was started at Easton, Talbot 
county, where it renuiined until 1791, when it was removed to 
Baltimore. The Kev. John Crawford, grand master for a long 
time, and who died in isi;], brought the Maryland order and 
the Baltimore lodges into a very flourishing condition. In 
ISI 1 the corner-stone of the new Masonic Hall (now tlie Cir- 
cuit Court liouse, on St. Paul street), was laid, the arcliitect 
being Maximilian (Jodefmi, who also designed the Battle 
Monument. 

The procession on that day formed at " the riding school on 
George street," where "Gray's Garden'" (a famous resort In 
the olden time) used to be, and where also the grand stand of 
the old Riltimore race course was placed, and thence marched 
to "the Presbyterian church on Fast street," the site of which 
is now occupied by the I'nited States Coiu-t House. Tlie 
masons also took a conspicuous part in laying the corner- 
stone of the Baltimore and Ohio Kailroad, when the gavel 
was held by Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the " last surviving 
signer of the Declaration of Independence," and was, with the 
trowel used on the same occasion, a feature in the procession 
of the nth of October, 1880. At that day t-heir grand chap- 
lain Avas Ivev. Dr. Wyatt. The procession started from South 
Bond street and marched to Gwynn's Falls. When the corner- 
stone of the Sns(iuohanua road (now the Northern Central) 
was laid, the jjrocession started from the Masonic Hall. At 
that time the Knights Temphir was organized and a Boyal 



ME.MOHIAI. VOLUME. 313 

Arch cliapter Avas prosont. Tlie gavel was the same one usotl 
by Washington in hxying the corner-stone of the National 
Capitol. This same gavel was used again at the laying of the 
corner-stone of tlie new Masonic Temple in 18(JG. At this pro- 
cession there were 8,000 men in line. There are at present in 
Baltimore about 30 lodges of this highly respectable order, 
numbering about 5,000 members, active and affiliated. 

As the Wildey ^Monument on North Broadway commemo- 
rates, Odd-Fellowship was introduced in the United States by 
Thomas Wildey, of Baltimore, the "father" of that order in 
this country. Wildey's children now number half a million 
and the order has a revenue of four or five millions. It has 
expended $70,000,000 in relief of members and families, and 
done an immense work of charity. "Wasliington Lodge, No. 1, 
the cradle of American Odd-Fellowship, was established in 
Baltimore in 1819 by Thomas Wildey and John "Welch, both 
Englishmen and members of Englisli lodges. They adver- 
tised a meeting to form a lodge, to be held April 2, 1819, at 
the Seven Stars tavern, Second street. Five men came 
togetlier at this tavern on Monday, April 26, 1819, and opened 
Washington Lodge. It received its warrant from Enghxnd in 
1821, and thence proceeded onward on its broad career. The 
Sovereign Grand Lodge of the United States still has its head- 
quarters in tliis city. The Odd-Fellows' Ilall, on Gay street, 
was dedicated in 1831, at which time tliere Avere about 1,500 
members. At present there are in Baltimore 17,500 Odd- 
Fellows in encampments and lodges. The order has survived 
all opposition outside of it, and is recognized as an important 
and valuable social power, doing great works of beneficence 
and charity, and educating many youth throughout tlie 
country. The names of Yansant, Ridgely, Garey and others 
of the Baltimore lodges are acknowledged throughout the 
country as those of the most inflnential successors of the 
patriarchs Wildey, Welch, Boyd, Entwisle, Matthiot, Marley. 

The Order of Red ]Men was established in Baltimore in 1833 
by the founding of Logan Tribe, No. 1. In 1835 the Great 
Council of Maryland was organized in this city. This order 
has a handsome hall on Paca street, dedicated in 1856, and 
numbers a good many wigwams in the Grand Council. The 



314 MEMOKI.VI, VOLUME. 

Independent Order of Red Men, which meets in Metaniora 
Hall, Lombard street, near Hanover, was founded in 1847. 

Tlie Order of Knig'hts of Pythias was instituted in this city 
in 18G7, November 27, when two lodges were started. It has 
grown rapidly, and now has a larfi:e and influential membei"- 
ship. The Order of Heptasophs, the Knights of the Golden 
Eagle, the Sons of Jonadiib, the Independent Order of 
Mechanics, tlie Order of United American Mechanics, the For- 
resters and the Royal Arcanum, are all societies of the same 
class, with a large membershii> here in this city. It is often 
the case that a man becomes a member of several of these 
orders at once, and their influence in one way or another per- 
meates the social system of our city to a remarkable extent. 
The colored people have a great number of these societies, 
under different names, some of which must be at lea.st fifty 
years old. The greater part of the secret societies of Balti- 
more were represented in the several parades of the week in 
a very creditable way. 

The temperance societies, some of which are secre^, some 
with ritual and ceremonial, like those of other orders, are old 
institutions in this city, and the Sons of Temperance were at 
one time very strong in membership. Tlie earliest temper- 
ance society Avas founded here in 1.S21), Avhen, on October 6th, 
a meeting was held a. the Atlienaeum, at which Judge Brice 
presided. The " Washingtonians" was tiie earliest consider- 
able society which took up the temperance cause. These 
societies are now numerous, but the Washingtonians seem to 
have disappeared. The Catholic temperance societies, whidi 
are of comparatively recent establishment, have a very large 
membership, and do much good, as do all the societies in the 
interest of this important and inestimably valuable reform. 
The parade of the temperance societies, Thursday and Friday, 
gave spectators a good idea of their strength in this com- 
munity. 

In the way of societies representing nationalities, there are. 
besides the Society of the Cincinnati, which is composed of 
the descendants of the heroes of the Continental army of the 
Revolution, and still has representatives in Baltimore, there 
are the Hibernian and St. Patrick's Societies, the St. George'.s, 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 315 

the St. Andrew's, tlie German Society, and the Italian and 
Frencli Benevolent Societies. These organizations were early 
established to promote immigration and succor needy and 
sick immigrants, and they also seek to keep up memories 
of fatherland in the minds of its members and associates. 
Tlie German Society, a most respectable organization, was 
founded in 1784, and incorporated in 181-5, and has done much 
good. It was the pioneer of all the numerous German soci- 
eties which now exist in this city. The St. Andrew's Society, 
which held the right of the line Thursday, was formed in 
1806, and incorporated in 1814. The St. George's Society was 
founded in 1800, and it and the St. Andrew's have always been 
famous for their annual dinners, which have made many a 
gourmand wish himself, for the nonce, at least, a Xorth or 
South Briton. The way those trenchermen used to sing " God 
Save the Queen " and " Auld Lang Syne " after midnight, was a 
caution. The rumor is current, but has no foundation, that 
each member of the St. Andrew's Society has to buy a bottle 
of liniment and rub his knees after every procession in which 
he sports the tartan, claymore, bonnet and ijhillibeg. 

The Hibernian Society was founded in 180-3, and incorpor- 
ated in 1817. The St. Patrick's Society was founded in June, 
181-5, by Rev. John Francis i\Ioranville, the pastor of St. Pat- 
rick's Church. In 1824 John Oliver, who had been president 
of the Hibernian Society, bequeathed to it §20,000 for the 
endowment of a free school, which was built on Xortli street, 
and occupied in 1827. All these societies have received con- 
siderable sums of money since they were founded and have 
done an immense amount of good. Later orders of this class 
are the French and Italian benevolent societies, which include 
in their membership the greater part of the best and most 
active gentlemen of these nationalities in our city. They 
look after their compatriots with faithful care and consider- 
ation, and take a jjroud interest in Baltimore, as their part in 
the processions witnessed. 

The benevolent societies of the Catholic Church, which 
does not countenance secret societies, are very numerous. It 
is impossible to give even their names in a brief sketch of 



316 MEMORIAL VOLL'ME. 

this sort, and they have legions of meinber.s. They perform 
an important part in the economy of this active church and 
spoke for tliemselves on parade, Thursday. The Hebrew 
benevolent societies occupy a similar relation to the people 
of that ancient faith. 

The fust agricultural society in the United States waa 
formed in Baltimore, March 3d, IT.SG. Of this society Harry 
Dorsey Gough was the first president, and Zebulon Hollings- 
worth tlie earliest secretary. At the same time a society was 
founded, called " The Association of Tradesmen and Manufac- 
turers in Baltimore Town," the members of which determined 
to wear none but goods of home manufacture. The Society 
for Promoting Useful Knowledge was founded in bSOU; the 
Medical Society in 17.S9, and the Baltimore Anti-Slaveiy 
Society the same year. The old Academy of Sciences was 
started in 1819 and incorporated in 182G, to be revived again 
in 18G3. 

The Wildey (Odd-Fellows'j Monument, on North Broadway- 
commemorates, in an emphatic way, the truth of the text, 
"how great a matter a little fire kiiulleth." In the year 1819, 
two obscure Englishmen, one of whom was Thomas Wildey, 
then residing in this city, put an advertisement in the Balti- 
more American to the following effect : 

"Notice to all Opd-Fellows. — A few membei-s of the 
society of Odd-Fellows will be glad to meet their brethren 
for consultation upon the subject of forming a Lodge. The 
meeting will be held on Friday evening, the "id March, 1819." 

This advertisement was continued for one month, but failed 
to assemble a sufficient number for the purpose indicated, and 
again the advertisement was reinserted in the same paper on 
the 27th day of March, 1819, which produced the desired 
effert. On the 13th day of April, 1819, Messi-s. John Welch, 
John Duncan, John Cheatham and Richard Kushworth assem- 
bled at the dwelling of Thomas Wildey, aiul arranged Avith 
him the preliminaries for the formation of a Lodge of Odd- 
Fellows, and on the iOth day of the .'^ame mouth and year the 
purpose was consummated by the Institution of Washington 
Lodge 2Co. 1 



MEJIOmAL A GLUME. 317 

Judge Garey, in an eloquent address at tlie dedication of 
Wildey's monument, summed up the sequel: 

"The inscription upon his tomb is thus written in the 
archives of the order: 'Four hundred and twenty-seven 
thousand members initiated ; twenty-one millions of dollars 
paid into the treasury; more than five millions of dollai-s 
paid for needful and ordinary expenses; about nine millions 
of dollars to bury the dead, nurse the sick and educate the 
orphan, with a fund in reserve for the same purposes, of about 
seven millions of dollars; five hundred and sixty thousand 
brothers relieved; thirty-eight thousand bereaved ' families 
administered to; and in IMaryland alone, about three thou- 
sand orphans educated, and more than five hundred placed at 
trades or other industrial employments; thousands of noble 
structures dedicated to the purposes of the order; numerous 
and splendid libraries opened freely to the membership, and 
an influence through that membership directly exerted upon 
more than one million individuals of the race ! ' 

" Baltimore has been called the City of ^Monuments ; over- 
looking her spires, her marts, her mansions, her riches and her 
teeming population, the ' Father of the Comitry ' in majestic 
marble adorns her; while in humbler proportions the shaft 
inscribed Avith the names of ISIaryland's illustrious dead. Nor 
is it luiworthy or presumptuous that this pile should rise to 
"Wildey where the honored patriots and the Pater PafrUe are 
made immortal, for Wildey is no longer a man, but a ^>r/ft- 
ciple, for he has embodied himself in American Odd-Fellow- 
ship; his enlarged philanthropy has passed through the 
hearts of men like fij-e from heaven, and his works are sculp- 
tured in rising temples of benevolence and obligations of 
fi-aternity among the thousands that survive him." 

The Grand Lodge of ^lasons in Maiyland was formed by a 
convention of the several lodges of Ancient York Masons, 
which met in Easton, Talbot county, April 7th, 1783. The 
first lodge in the country was commissioned in 1733 by Lord 
Montague, the then Grand blaster of Kngland, who designated 
Henry Price, of Boston, his Deputy fur the Colonies. Undei 
this commission lodges were organized in this country and 



318 MKMUKIAI. VOLIME. 

tlio Britisli islaiuls, as far north as Halifax and as far south as 
8t. Kitts and Siivinani. There was some conflict between 
those lioldiuK under the .Scottish rite and those of St. John's, 
but the Maryland lodges, which had previously been subordi- 
nate to the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, compromised their 
differences at the Easton Convention and formed a Grand 
Lodge for the State. Tliis Gi"and Lodge, thus constituted, 
is in full authority still in Maryland and Baltimore. The 
present ^Ia.sonic Temple, on Charles street, cost §400,000, and 
is one of .the handsomest structures in the city. 

The Temperance Alliance, which has i-ather superseded the 
old Sons and Cadets of Temperance, is an active organization, 
under the presidency of William Daniel, with C. S. IMosher, 
secretary. lieceutly its chief efforts have been in the direc- 
tion of local option. 

At a State Teini)orancc Convention held in the Charles 
Street Methodist Church, April, ISGG, a new organization was 
commenced under the above title, of which the following 
articles give the full character and design : 

L IJesolved, That Ave establish a permanent organization, 
to be called the Total Abstinence League of Maryland and 
District of Columbia, and adopt the folloAving pledge : " I 
promise that I will not use intoxicating liquors, nor traflic in 
them, as a beverage ; that I will not provide them as an 
article of entertainment, or for pei-sons in my employment, 
and that in all suitable ways I will discountenance their use 
throughout the community." 

2. Kesolved, As members of this League, we will use all our 
influence to secure a prohibitory law for the suppression of 
the sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage, and that wo 
recommend the fi-iends of temperance throughout the State 
to use their influence in the same direction. 

3. Besolved, That the parent society be located in this city, 
and shall n\eet (luarterly, in January, April, July and October, 
and shall be composed of delegates from all auxiliary Leagues 
of the State and District of Columbia. 

4. Resolved further. That the increase of intemperance 
among young men does imperatively call upon all who feel 



MEMORIAL VOLUME. 319 

an interest in rescuing them from the temptations to the sin 
and degradation of drunkenness, to bestir themselves, and 
unitedly co-operate in any and every effort to save them from 
this terrible evil. 

That no man has a right, no matter what be the license 
from the State, to demoralize the community, by holding out 
inducements and temptations to lead astray and corrupt our 
youth. 

That vre would iirgently press upon all teachers, whether in 
public schools or Sabbath schools, and all who have in charge 
the education and training of the young, to set before their 
minds the great evils of intemperance, and the importance of 
early forming the habit of abstaining from everytliing that 
would tend to make them drunkards. 

That every community has a right, and the people of it owe 
it as a duty to themselves, their children, their faniilies and 
their neighbors, to use such means as they can, and secure the 
authority of the State to keep from their midst, gi'Og shops 
and places where drinking is encouraged. 

That the indiscriminate license to sell intoxicating liquors 
as a beverage, without any security for the preservation of 
good order and protection of the young, is as demoralizing as 
it would be to license theft, prostitution and gambling, and 
calls loudly upon citizens to see in the selection of candidates 
for the Legislature, that no man is in nomination who will 
not use his influence in protecting the State from such an 
uncontrolled and unrestrained evil. 

That no man should be permitted to sell intoxicating 
liquors in any district of any county in the State, or any ward 
of the city, unless he shall have the recommendation of at 
least twelve freeholders within two miles of tlie place in the 
county, or within two squares in a city, adjacent to where he 
designs to sell, and that tliey should certify to his character, 
that he will not make his liouse a place to corrupt and tempt 
men to drunkenness. 

That the use of intoxicating drinks to influence, corrupt or 
bribe men at elections, to operate on legislators in influencing 
them, and the keeping of what is called an open house to 
secure a vote to carry or reject a law, is putting the rights of 



320 Mi:.MUl!IAL VoLLME. 

citizens and their property to tlie liigliest mm, brandy or 
eluinipatrne bidder. 

Tliat when pnblic men, for their own gratification, or who, 
under the mistalien idea that when they wish to honor visi- 
tors, they are at liberty to use public money to pay for 
liquors, which make them and their visitors drunk, it is 
unjust to their constituents and an insult to their visitore 
whom they tempt to drunkenness, and comes as such under 
tlie woe denounced of God against him who giveth his neigh- 
bor drink. (Ilab. ii: 15.) 

That he who will suffer men to offer him liquor when the 
same is known to be for the purpose of buying him over to 
vote for any bill, ought never to l)e elected; and any man or 
men who will offer liquor for the purpose of influencing legis- 
latoi"s, should be punished as criminals who are trying to 
defraud innocent and unsuspecting citizens; and it is a duty 
whicli every man in the community owes to himself and 
society, to see that uo such man be nominated or elected to 
office. 

That as organizations are formed for the purpose of effect- 
ing a repeal of the Sunday Law, and license to sell on that 
day, and as their declaration is but the embodiment among 
us of tliose infidel principles which led to the abolishing of 
Christianity and the Sabbath in the time of the Reign of 
Terror in France, it is the duty of every friend of good order, 
every moral man and every Christian, to stand steadfast in 
resisting it. 

Resolved, Tliat while we recognize the zeal and fidelity with 
which the " Sons of Temperance " and the " Washingtonians " 
have served the temperance cause, we nevertheless desire to 
exercise a more extended influence against the ti-affic in 
licpior by uniting all the temperance men in the State. 

Tliose who, while recognizing the evils of intemperance and 
the dangers of tippling, are not willing to pledge themselves 
and surrender their wills so comi)letely as is required in the 
above-quoted formula, may still find themselves in a position 
to promote the great cause of temperance by subscribing to 
other organizations, chiefly of the Catholic and Episcopal 
churches, which insist upon moderation while not exacting 



MEMOUTAL VOLlMi:. 321 

compulsory pledges of total abstiueiicc, or sookiiii,'- to mako 
the State enforce what it is the duty of each individual will 
to exert itself to bring about. 

In concluding at this point the enumeration of the resources 
of Baltimore and the Memorial Volume, the editor is quite 
conscious that he has not done the subject entire justice. It 
was impossible, of course, to measure off and survey every 
part of so wide and various a field. Some things had to be 
ignored, many to be treated superficially and in a line often 
when they seemed to merit a page. This was inevitable from 
the character of such a work. But the editor still claims that 
he has succeeded in one thing, and that is a great matter: he 
has exercised his own unbiased, and, so far as he can deter- 
mine, his impartial judgment from the first page to the last; 
he has welcomed the criticisms of the committee while refus- 
ing to be bound unconditionally by their opinions; he has 
held himself resolutely aloof from the influences which some- 
times prejudice the preparation of books of this sort, in which 
the presence of 30,000 names is liable to invite the entrance 
of 30,000 more; he has puffed nobody, advertised none, and 
is responsible for all the volume contains. Its errors and 
defects are his, and he acknowledges them with no sense of 
guilt, since the book is as free from such casualties as it could 
have been made under such circumstances. 



APPENDIX. 



Mr. George Savage, the Mayor's Secretary, wlio discharged the vastly accumu- 
lated duties of liis always onerous office, during the Sesqui-Centennial period witli 
his usual tact and intelligence and with that rare courtesy of his which never fails 
to rise to the height of any emergency, has forwarded to the editor quite a hox of 
documents incident to the celebration, with the view of having appropriate selec- 
tions made from them. These selections must necessarily be few, since a second 
volume is not to be dreamed of 

The police, at the suggestion of Mr. F. P. Stevens, undertook during the Cen- 
tennial week to make an envelope collection for the needy. The following is the 
result : 



The Sesqui-Centennial contribution received from citizens of Baltimore, through 
the Postoffice, for distribution among the poor and needy of the city by the Police 
Dei)artmcnt, amounted in the aggregate to four hundred and thirty-three dollars 
(1433.38) and thirty-eight cents. Tlie largest amount received in any one envelope 
was eleven ($11) dollars. Several envelopes contained each five ($.5) dollars. The 
total amount above mentioned was divided in six equal portions between the 
several statiou houses, for distribution, as follows: Eastern District, $72.33; North- 
Eastern District, $?3.23 ; Middle District, |;73.23 ; Western District, $72.23; North- 
Western District, S72.23 ; Southern District, §72.23— total, $433.38. A further sura 
of sis dollars (S6.30) and thirty cents was received from the same source and for 
the same purpose, and was handed to Capt. John Lannau for distribution among 
the poor and needy of the Middle District Grand total, $439.98. 



C. 

Action (if the Italian Societies. 

B.\LTi.MORE, October 20tli, 18S0 
Hon. F. C. L.\trobe, Mayor of Baltimore : 

Sir ; — We, the undersigned, executive committee appointed by the two Italian 
societies of Baltimore, the Unione e Fratellanza and the Cristoforo Colombo, for 
the purpose of placing at the disposal of the city of Baltimore their ship, the 
" Santa JIaria," a fac simile of the vessel with which the great Genoese explorer 
Christoforo Colombo discovered America, have now the pleasure of presenting her 
to your Honor, as chief executive of the city. 



324 APPENDIX. 

And we offer licr to the city not only as a memento of the grand and glorious 
Sesqui-Centennial, but also as a feeble token of our affection for this great city, 
where we have cast our lot, and with whose welfare and progress that of the 
Italian residents of Baltimore is indissolubly united. 

We will therefore ask your Honor to indicate to us the time and i)lace most suit- 
able and convenient for the city to receive this vessel, built, and until now owned 
by the Italian Haltimoreans ; and tendering the assurances of our highest respect, 
wc have the honor to subscribe ourselves 



Your obedient servants. 



C. S. DkFontes, Ouiirman, 

M. PiSA.M, 

M. Vic.Mii, 

F. DeFontes, 

J. J. Valentine, 

P. CONTE, 
L. RoTTANZ, 

G. PlI'ETONE, 

G. Pessaoso, 

D. Pessagno. 



This ship was duly accepted. 



D. 

Subscribers contributing sums aliove ?100 towards providing the Sesqui-Cen- 
tennial Committee with needful funds, were as follows: Rob't Garrett & Sons, 
$1,000; Alexander IJrown & Sons, $500; A. S. Abell, $300; CarroUton Hotel, 
$300; Barnum's Hotel, $250; E. L. Parker &, Co., $200; Oden Bowie, $200; 
Baltimore United Oil Company, $300. Sums collected: Wm. Eckhardt, liquor 
dealers, $175; Geo. M. Bokee, china and glassware, $150; Ale.x. Frank, bankers and 
brokers, $280; Reed & Mercer, East Baltimore committee, $340; John L. Sickel, 
notion dealers, $105; A Kummer, shipping merchants, $003; Wm. J Montague, 
insurance, S305 ; August Shafer, tailors, $35 ; Chas. A. Vogcler, drugs, paints and 
oils, $240 i Edward Connolly, hats and caps, $1G5 ; Wm. A. Boyd, tobacco, $332 



E. 
Contributions of $100 each were received from John S. Gilman, President 
Second National Bank, George Gail, Deford & Co., W. E. Hooper & Co., H. C 
Smith, Armstrong, Cator it Co., E. Pratt, Adams Express Company, Hurst, Pur- 
nell & Co., I M. Parr & Son, Thomas Pierce, J. S Williams & Bro., J. Knox & Co , 
R. Stewart & Co., John W. McCoy, Baker Bros. & Co., George Small, Palai)seo 
Guano Company, C. A. Gambrill & Co., II. Sisson, E. Jenkins & Son, Woodward, 
Baldwin & Co., Wiesonfekl & Co , S M. Shoemaker, Wm. Devries & Co., John 
Merryman it Co., Baltimore Steam Packet Company, Mayor Latrobe, R. Q. Taylor 
& Co., Ulman, Goldsborough it Foster, W T. Walters & Co , Gottschalk it Co., R. 
J. Slater, John W. Hall, Gill & Fisher, H. Easter it Sons, J S. Gary & Son, J. C. 
Gratllin & Co., German Fire Insurance Company of Baltimore, A. Scliuraacher, 



APPENDIX. 325 

Western Union Telegraph Company, Tlios. Wliitridge, Sani'l G. Wyman, Thomsen 
& Muth, McKim Newall & Borie, W. E. Woodall & Co., Poole & Hunt, R. A. 
Fisher & Co. 

Sums above |.50 were contributed by J. A. Horuer & Co., |75; Rob't Lawson it- 
Co., |60. 

Contributions of $.50 eacli Iiy Marburg Bros., P. T. George & Co., Keen 6c llag- 
gerty. Pope, Cole & Co., W. H. Perot, Hodges Bros., Phillips Bros. & Co., D. Miller 
& Co., Spencc, Montague & Co., Wm. Knabc & Co., ^Y. B. Brooks, J. A. Dusbane 
& Co., Hurst, Miller & Co., Townsend, Whiteley & Co., Brown & Bros., Johnson, 
Sutton & Co., Field, Lindley & Co., J. D. Kremelberg & Co., Washington Booth, 
T. R. Jenkins & Son, Wm. Wilkens & Co., Shaw Bros., W. T. Dixon & Bro., R. 
Renncrt, Isaac Albertson, W. Lanaban & Son, Jenkins Bros., Milmine, Bodman & 
Co., Walsh & Reaney, Mount Vernon Company, Barkley & Hasson, J. P. Pleasants 
& Sons, Alexander Gregg & Co., cash, J. B. & Co., James Corner & Sous, Kej-ser 
Bros. & Co., Troxell, Handy & Greer, Malster & Reaney, Canton Company, 
Cassard Bros. & Co., R. K. Hawley, Hugh Bolton & Co., W. Davisson & Co., 
Straus Bros., J. Alex. Shriver, Maltby House, (C. R. Hogan,) and Wm. Nichius. 



Twenty-five dollar subscriptions each from Sickel, Hillen & Co., Isaac Green- 
baum & Sons, Joseph Selby, H. J. Farber & Co., Klinefelter & Bro., Shriver & Bro., 
Wm. A. Boyd & Co., B. F. Parlett & Co., Barker & Waggner, G. H. M. Marriott, 

E. Larrabee & Sons, Edward Connolly & Sons, Frank &, Hammerslaugh, Frank 
Rosenberg & Co., Stein Bros., AVilson, Colston & Co., John A. Whitridge, Brown 
& Lowndes, J. A. Sprigg, II. H. HoUister & Co., Middendorf, Oliver & Co., .lohn A. 
Hambleton & Co., W. L. Wolf & Co., F. W. Feigner & Son, R. Hough & Co., J, A. 
Dobson, Shirley & Son, R. P. Bayley & Co., Newbold & Sons, Chandlee, Quarles 
& Co., Moritz & Kcidel, Prj-or & Ililgenberg, W. W. Schweckendick & Co., Philip 

F. Gehrman & Co., James E. Stansbiiry, Humrichhouse, Baylies & Co., Clark & 
Jones, Calvin Chesnut, Wilson, Burns & Co., T. A. Brown & Co., Charles Markell, 
Guggenheimer & Co., Leibrandt & McDowell, Jacob Trust, S. H. & J. F. Adams, 
Lafflin & Rand, Owens & Scott, C. Sidney Norris & Co., B. C. Bibb, Hilles, Boyd & 
Co., Moj-lan & Johnson, Bennett Bros., Henry Janes, Edwin Bennett, John S. 
Hogg, Edward Walters, G. Ober & Sons, P. Zell & Son, J. Q. A. Ilolloway, The 
Popplein Silicated Phosphate Company, Lorcntz & Rittler, Liebig & Gibbons, 
Warfield S. Dunan, Marjdand Fertilizing Manufacturing Company, Chesapeake 
Guano Company, Joshua Horner & Co., Morton D. Banks, Gunther & Fink, D. 
Wilfson, Rosendale & Co., A. H. Stewart & Son, Hoover Bros , J. E. Bird & Co , 
SIcDowcll & Co., n. J. Werdebaugh, Rouse, Hcmpstone & Co., Coleman & Rogers, 
Mordecai & Smith, Miller Bros., Norris, Latham & Co., Cushings & Bailey, Bur- 
gunder & Ambach, Hutzler Bros., Lauer & Co., Ross Campbell & Co., J. Stellman 
& Co., T. J. Magrudcr, H. Maslin & Co., Von Kapff & Co., Adams, Buck & Co., 
Grotj.an, IMitchell & Co., Kerngood Bros., Young, Kimmel & Diggs, Towner, Laud- 
street & Co., D. H. Jr. & S. V. Miller, H. G. Vickery & Co., Ryland & Brooks, Dr. 
Thom, Thomas Matthews & Sons, Price & Hcald, E. M. Lazarus & Co., Wedge & 
Co., E. E. Jackson & Co., Samuel Burns & Co., R. T. Waters & Son, Heisc & Bruns. 
George F. Sloan & Bro., Moulton Bros., James Carey »fc Co., J. S. & G. R. Berry, 



326 APPENDIX. 

Geo. 8. Sadtler & Sons, Hennegan, Bates & Co., Lyon, Conklin & Co., T. C. Basslior 
& Co., C. F. Pilt & Son, Swindell Bros., D. J. Foley, Bros. & Co., Rosrirc & Koc , 
Darby & Co., Carroll, Adams & Co., Whcdbee & Dickinson, Tate, MiilUr & Co., 
Miurdecai &, Co., Buck, Htflkbower & Necr, McDowell & Co., Elliart, Witz & Co., 
Shipley, Uoaue & Co., Meredith & Co., Laurence Thomsen, C. \V. Single & Co., 
Tyson & Bro., Newcomer & Co., AVylie, Smith & Co , L. Seldner & Son, Loney & 
Co., O. Brehme & Co., D. Ilolliday & Co., R. AV. Walter & Co., Pearro Bros. & Co , 
George P. Frick, North Baltimore Passenger Railway Company, diaries 11. Myers 
& Bro., Thomas Boylan, E. D. Bigelow & Co., Conklin Bros. & Co., AV. P. Ilarvey 
& Co., C. H. Ross & Co , W. B. McAtee, Baer & Bro.s., S. P. Phillips & Co , D. D. 
Mallory & Co., A. Booth, E. B. Mallory & Co., Ballimore Oyster Company, C. S. 
Maltby, Tliomas Kensett & Co., J. B. Brinkley & Sons, Smitli & Wicks, Moore & 
Brady, L. McMurray & Co., IL A. Waidner & Co., Woodside & Griffllh, Matthews 
&, Kirkland, R. B. Porter & Son, R. J. Baker & Co., IL R. McNally & Co., D. W. 
Glass & Co., Di.\ & Wilkins, Day, Jones & Co., G. B. Chase & Co., R. G. Dunn & 
Co., Rouse, Ilempstone & Co., Iliggins, Cobb & Co., J. C. Ran & Co., J. Parkhurst 
& Co., Associated Firemen's Insurance Company, Cummings & Co , Carlin & 
Fulton, Findley, Roberts & Co., Jacob Trust, C Slack & Co., Geigan & Co., J. G. 
Harvey, Baltimore News Company, Henry Sonneborn & Co., Allen Paine, Son & 
Co., B. C. Bibb & Son, Gfcorgc Gunther, Maryland White Lead Company, J. Henry 
Stickney 

Tliirty dollars each by Rinehardt, Myers & Co., Likes, Berwanger & Co and 
HofTman, Lee & Co. 

The contributors of sums of one dollar to twenty dollars numbered hundreds of 
names — nearly every he^d of a family in tlic city, in -addition to tlic public and 
advertised subscriptions, spending money lil)erally in decorations, contributing to 
the funds for illuminating parks and Bf|uares, embellishing his own premises and 
laying in provisions for the entertainment of guests during the festival. The sum 
of this outlay, which of course can only be estimated in gross, was very large, and 
it is in itself the best testimonial wliich can lie afforded to the general interest of 
the community in the celebration. The total collections aggregated $20,807, which 
it was considered would be (piite sufficient, with an appropriation liy the city of 
$10,000, and this latter sum it was understood in advance would be forthcoming. 



G. 

ExPKsniTrnEs in Paut : 



Appropriations by Municipal E.xeculivc Committee to German decorations, 
tbiouirh Mr. Barllctt, $i!,000; military, firemen and police, througli Gen'l Herbert, 
lJ2,nni); iiublic school cliildrcn, etc., through J. T. Morris, President, $1,01)0; 
Knights Templar through Marshal Hanaway, $500; Knights of Pythias, through 
Judge Lindsay, $200; Historical Society, through J. H. B. Latrobe, President, 
|500; Sunday Schools, through T. J. Magruder, $100; three hundred tin cups, at 
$12 a hundred, from Mr. Shacfcr, $30; old volunteer firemen, througli Mr. Holloway 
and Mr. Aug Albert, $ir)0; mardi gras, through Corn and Flour E.\change Com- 
mittee, Henry Turner, Chairman, $1,000; Baltimore Postoftice Department, 
through Gen'l E. B. Tyler, $200; Maryland State militia, through Gen'l J. W. 



APPENDIX. 327 

Watkiiis, $100; House of Refuge, through Dr. Graves, f200; Wm. Montague Con- 
nolly, advertising, |3.50; For grand sarred concert, Druid Hill Park, Sunday, 
October 17th, through J. II. Rosewald, Director, .$50; F. P. Stevens, for clerks, 
postage, etc., $325.37; Daniel Miller & Co., for arch, $200; No. 7 Engine House, for 
arch, $100; St. Mary's Industrial School, $200; Sunday Schools, (additional), .$400; 
Knights of the Golden Eagle, $73 ; Mexican Veterans, $75 ; colored people, $200 ; 
Knights of Pythias, $100; Odd-Fellows, $200; Red Men, $100; Maryland Institute, 
$100; Custom House, $200; programmes for guests, $110; Charles Bartell, $83U.0(>; 
Grand Army Republic, $100; Sisco Bros., $148.G0; Morion D. Banks, $10.50; 
George Armistead, $24.62; Carrollton Hotel, $104..5O; .lohn B. Piet, $39.45; Hcnnert 
House, $42.75; Aug. Bouldin, $100; W. H. Shaffer, .$526; T. L. Jones, $119.50; 
Daniel Miller & Co., $100; E. S. Schultz, $123; Barnura & Co., $43.50; Guggen- 
hcimer & Weil, $268; Coliu Stewart, $354.50; Liudcu Avenue stables, $253. 



H. 

REPORT OF THE SESQUI-CBNTENNIAL MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE. 
To Hon. Ferdin.^nd C. Latkobe, Mayor of Baltimore : 

Sir: — The Municipal E.vecutivc Committee having in charge, by your appoint- 
ment, the celebration of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding 
of Baltimore, and to whom was entrusted the e.xpcnditures of the funds collected 
for the expenses of the late Sesqui-Centennial celebration, beg leave to submit to 
your Honor a final report of receipts and expenses. The amount collected was 
$30,683.85, and the expenses aggregated $19,336.27, leaving on hand a b.alance of 
$1,357.48, with unpaid subscriptions amounting to $300, all of which was appro- 
priated by the committee to the committee appointed by your Honor to prepare a 
memorial volume of the history of the celebration. 

A detailed statement of the expenses, with proper vouchers for every item, 
accompanies the report, and will explain not only how the funds were expended, 
but will also show that the strictest care and economy were exercised. The largest 
item in the account was expended under the approval of the German Executive 
Committee, and amounted to $3,057.64. This sum was expended chidly upon the 
magnificent tableaux that illustrated the history and progress of the city for the 
ceutur}^ and a half, and which, in detail and finish, in ornament, and truth in repre- 
sentation, have never been equaled in this country. For advertising in the news- 
papers of the city the sum of $1,309.73 was paid; for lunches and meals at hotels, 
$1,210.75; for entertaining the visiting military, $1,019.75. Tliese arc the largest 
items of expense in the account, an examination of which will show the publicity 
and hospitality required by the occasion were carefully and economically obtained. 
The parades of the civic societies, public schools, and the entertainment of guests, 
made up the larger portion of the expenses. We invite a careful examination of 
the accounts and vouchers. 

The universal satisfaction that has been expressed at the success of this celebra- 
tion might render it unnecessary for this connnittee to do more than, in a general 
way, to call attx?ntiou to the harmony and concert of action which characterized 
the efforts of every department of the management, and to the zeal and industry 
which marked the hard labor of every member of the various sub-committees; but 



328 APPENDIX. 

wc cannot close our laliors without expressing the confidence that this celebration 
has not been without material advantage to the business welfare, as well as to the 
reputation for hospitality already enjoyed by the city. The parades, which, for a 
whole week illustrated the growth, the enterprise, the capital, the taste and the 
liberality and hospitality of Baltimore, were not merely displays of art and inge- 
nuity, but in detail and magnitude they embraced the arts, the commerce, the 
manufactures, the trade, the education, the civic societies, the military, and above 
all, the happiness and prosperity of our people. Completed without accident or 
injury, they have left behind them the memory of a great event, joyously celebrated 
and recorded, and presented Baltimore to the whole country as a city capable of 
great enterprises and splendid achievements in all the branches of business. 

That week of festivity has not been without material benefit to the city. The 
vast crowds of visitors, aggregating, it is believed, 350,000 persons from beyond the 
citj- limits, could not have visited and remained among us without stimulating the 
trade andbusiness of our people. The decorations that beautified the streets put 
money into the hands of those who must spend it within the city; thus, merchant, 
mechanic and tradesman were directly benefited even by a week of holiday and 
pleasure. It is the testimony of many of our largest wholesale houses, that not- 
withstanding the vast crowds that filled the streets, their sales were largely 
increased, and the foundations of an extended and improved trade were laid even 
while pleasure was apparently uppermost in every mind. That week of festivity 
may teach the lesson that pleasure maybe made to play a useful part even in trade, 
and that money expended in attracting large crowds to the city is not wasted, but 
returns with increased interest. We cannot close this report without availing 
ourselves of the opportunity to thank you for the earnest and energetic efforts you 
have made to further the aims of the committee in making the celebration a suc- 
cess, and for the many acts of kindness which we have received from you since the 
committee began its labors. ' 

(Signed,) Fbancis P. Stevens, Ghaii-man. 

J. TiioM.\s Scn.\nF, Secretary. 
James R. Heuueut, 
John T. Foud, 
HENitY C. Smith, 
January 13, 1881 Committee. 



FERDINAND C. LATROBE, Mayor. 
INO. A. ROBB. Register. CHARLES WEBB, Collector. 

JOSHUA VANSANT, Co.mptroller. 



CITY COUNCIL. 

FIRST BR.IXCH. 



JoHX Stewart, President. 
Dr. John D. Flske. 
Thomas H. Hamilton. 
Samuel E. Atkinson. 
William J. Kelly. 
J AS. St. Lawrence Perry. 
Joshua Horner, Jr. 
John M. Getz. 
John Meer.s. 
John J. Mahon. 



Henry G. Fledderman. 
D. GiRAUD Wright. 
James E. Weaver. 
Alvin Eobertson. 
Michael E. Mooney. 
Jacob Schenkel. 
Henry Sanders. 
James Broumel. 
M. Alexander Miller. 
John Dobson. 



SECOXD BRANCH. 



Aquilla H. Greenfield, President. 

William Stevens. 

Samuel A. Clagett. 

John McWilliams. 

Dr. D. Caldwell Ireland. 



J. Frank Lewis. 
Dr. J. Pembroke Thom. 
J. Cooper Toner. 
Robert A. Poulton. 
John F. Weyler. 



ARTIST'S NOTE. 



Some remarks iu explauation of the illustrations may be acceptable. 

It would be impossible, in the liniilcd spnce of fifteen plates, to present all of 
interest comprised in tlie six days' pageant, and I have therefore endeavored to 
group in historic sequence and artistii^ harmony the more noteworthy objects. 
The processional picture optns with the Mayor of 1880 and his aids and acolytes, 
preceding the heralds and the Knight of Maryland who are escorted by gentle- 
men of St. Marie's. The car representing Religious Toleration, thougli appearing 
in tlie later days' procession, appropriately belongs to this period. The car of 
the Harugiiri or Ancient Order of Druids, recalls the old Baal-tlgh-mor of Pheni- 
cian Erin. Now follow the Aboriginal Lodge and Captain Smitli the discoverer of 
the site of Baltimore. The Arms of th<! Calverls, Barons of Baltimore and 
Avalon, are a key to the peculiar colors :iud syiohols of the celebration, and, with 
the Seal of Maryland, in plate 7, show the di-tinctiou between the heraldic bear- 
ing of the fainily of Calvert and those of the S'.ate or Earldom of which the Lords 
Baltimore were proprietors. The Log-Cabin, with the Court-House and the Bench 
and Bar and the figures characteristic of colonial days introduce Baltimore town 
before the Revolution. The "Maryland Line," famous for their bayonet charges, 
and their martyred Delvalb, clear the way for the Emigrant wagon, wliich is fol- 
lowed by the Express rider and the National Mail. In plate '? Baltimore assumes 
the civic crown, and guarded by tlie leop.irds of the Calverts and protecting the 
Ancient Druid rides in triumphal state. 'Die Mercury of Commerce heralds 
Industry, Science and Art. The Indian, bcJiding his Ijow, is a symbol of youth 
and vigor. 

The subsequent illustrations need little explanation, the necessities of artistic 
expression being a sufficient apology for a very few embellishments. 

Great credit is due to Mr. H. A. Schroeder, of Hoeu & Co., for the conscientious 
rendering of the original drawings. 

EuANcis B. Mayer. 



DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 



FRONTISPIECE. 

George Calvert— Founder of Maryland, 1633. 

Samuel Ch.^e— Signer of Declaration. 

John Eager IIowaud— Holding: the swords of seven British Officers who had surrendered 

to him at the Battle of Cowpens. 
Joshua Bahnkv— The first to unfurl the American Flag. 
Fraxcis S. Kev— The author of the " Star Spangled Banner." 
Charles Wilson Peale— Artist and Scientist. 

PLATE I. 
The Police— Buglers, Marshals— The Mayor, Aids— The Knight of Maryland, Ilcralds and 
Gentlemen of St. Maries, A. D., ]m«. 

PLATE IL 

Religious Toleration— with statues of Calvert and of St, Miohael slaying the Dragon— The 
T)ruids— I, Ilarugiu-i Society ) recalling the old J!aal, (irj/i, i,u,r of Erin. 

PLATE III. 
An Aboriginal Home — Captain John Smith and his companions— the farmer, clcrg^yman, phy- 
sician and Planter, 1730. 

PLATE IV. 

Tho Fij-st Settlers— The ConK-House of Baltimore-town, the Bench and B:ir. a!id sti-eet-life 
of the day. 

PLATE V. 

The MarylanrI Line, Major General Baron dc Kalb, Valley Forge, Iho Emigrant Wagon. 

PLATE YI. 
Tobacco Tninspni-tation a?i'l Postal Scr\"ipe of 1790 — Cohimbia anrl the Nations, 

PLATE VII. 

Triumphal Car of the f.enius of Ilaltimorc^Maryland Hospitality-Scal of Maryland. 

PLATE VIII. 

18U— The aipi^er Ships and " Jack-Tars "-The Independent Light Dragoons of ISliJ— The 
Battle Monument, with Music, Art, IIistoiy,War, Peace and IJaltimorca— Xeptune 
and Amphitrite, 

PLATE IX. 

Agriculture, the " Bull and the Bears " of the Corn Exchange— .\i)ollo and the Jfuses. 

PLATE X. 

The Broadway, Eutaw Street and Baltimore Street Arches— The Fire Department— Tho Ship 
of Columbus— Tho Buhy-Baltimore— The Xationalilics— German Society of Md.. 
Students of Wurtenbm-g, Highlanders, etc. 

PLATE XL 

Baltimore and Ohio and Xorthern Central Railroads— Adams Express Co.— Electric Telegraph, 

( Puck "girdling the world in for*y minutes")— Ocean Steam Navigation. 

PLATE XII. 

Arch on Le-xington and Park Streets- The Gunpowder Watcr-wcrks— Tlie Mechanic Arts— 
The Pottcre- The Shipwrights-Horticulture. 

PLATE XIII. 
The Obelisk, exact reproduction of " Cleopatra's Xeedle"— The Baltimore Shot-tower Co.— 
The Scheutzen Society— The Early Piano— Silvei-smiths-Butchers— Hide and 
Tallow— The Barbers. 

PLATE XIV. 
The Brewers (The Wedding of Hops and Barley- King Gambriiuis)— Salt Dealers, (Lot's 
Wife i — Tea, Jajianese Jinik. 

PLATE XV. 
The Horseshners- Prititing IJthography and Tobacco. 




1 6 3 ^. 



W/ j's fe/ \ ifrv- ^■- J ' p' - 




''"Rollind totacco 




COLUMBIA. 




!Af^y- uA 



AGRICULTURE 
FINE-ARTS. 
CORN-EXCHANGE 




J?A^''^^^ 




THE WEDDING or HOPS and BARLEY. 




